This thesis discusses the disposal of the biodegradable communal waste (hereinafter BRKO) in the city of Zlín. In the beginning it introduces the general terms and keywords and legal regulations concerning waste disposal. It mentions environmental effects of the BRKO dump, and also ways of collecting and further treatment of BRKO. The main part of the thesis describes the current BRKO management system in the city of Zlín and based on the projects that have been completed up until now it analyses management efficiency. The thesis shows an expected progression in the total amount of BRKO in the following years due to the new limits placed on BRKO dump by the Plan of Waste Management Program. Based on the collected data, this thesis proposes an optimal solution for waste collection and waste treatment in the city of Zlín and evaluates the environmental and economic benefits of the suggested waste management system.

This thesis deals with the market for secondary raw materials. First, basic terms are explained together with the close analysis of different interpretation of the term "waste" and "secondary raw material", next "recycling". Then general principles of the functioning of markets are applied to the issue of secondary raw materials. It is discussed if theoretical knowledges described below follow the reality of markets in which commodities produced from the solid waste are traded. After that structure of the market is analysed from the mikroeconomic perspective. The objective of the qualitative research was to determine the impacts of the crises on the regional market.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLAUDIA DE FARIA LIMA.pdf: 2282531 bytes, checksum: 053b377847a51e2b781b041abb21a65e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the waste pickers Solid Iporá (GO), as their perception of the environment in which it is inserted, their identity and their position in society. The uncontrolled growth of urban areas resulting from economic aspects, political, cultural and educational, combined with a marked change in the meaning of human needs and aspirations, intensified forms of production and exploitation, generating irreversible effects related to nature. History shows that it is up to society (civil and political) to seek knowledge and skills so that we can preserve what remains of natural resources, because you have to minimize environmental impacts, and better understand the importance of the environment for the survival of human species. Exploratory research procedures were used, survey, based on the literature review, the documentary survey and field. The study allowed to expose part of the reality experienced by waste pickers Iporá (GO), and aimed to show the importance of these collectors both in relation to their work that contributes to improving the quality of the environment, and in relation to their own identity (optical differentiated in relation to its role). Concludes that despite the little recognition of its importance (not visible) by society gets support the family by collecting cans, PET bottles, cardboard and other solid and undeniably contribute directly to the process of preservation of the environment. / O estudo objetivou analisar os catadores de Resíduos Sólidos de Iporá (GO), sua percepção em relação ao meio ambiente no qual estão inseridos, a identidade , o seu posicionamento na sociedade, a importância do seu trabalho que contribui para melhorar a qualidade do meio ambiente, e também, explicitar a sua própria identidade. Na análise acentua-se como o crescimento desordenado dos aglomerados urbanos decorrente dos aspectos econômico, político, culturaleducacional, associado a uma profunda mudança no significado das necessidades e aspirações humanas, intensificou as formas de produção e exploração, e que gerou efeitos irreversíveis à natureza. A história mostra que cabe à sociedade (civil e política) buscar conhecimentos e habilidades para que se possa preservar o que ainda resta de recursos naturais, porque é preciso minimizar os impactos ambientais, e compreender melhor a importância do meio ambiente para a sobrevivência da espécie humana. Foram utilizados procedimentos de investigação exploratória, a revisão teórica, o levantamento documental e de campo (survey). Concluiu que apesar do pouco reconhecimento da importância dos catadores (não visibilidade) por parte da sociedade, eles obtêm o sustento da família, através da coleta de latinhas, garrafas PET, papelões e outros resíduos sólidos e, inegavelmente, contribuem diretamente com o processo de preservação do meio ambiente.

<p>Cilj disertacije je razvoj fleksibilnog modela za evaluaciju sistema upravljanja<br />komunalnim otpadom baziran na LCA metodi. Model je baziran na bilansu<br />mase i energije. LCA analiza sistema komunalnog otpada omogućava<br />sagledavanje uticaja kako svih faza životnog ciklusa otpada, tako<br />i celokupnog sistema upravljanja otpadom. Model je koncipiran kroz module<br />koji prate osnovne faze LCA metode. Evaluacija i komparacija različitih<br />scenarija upravljanja otpadom sprovedena je kroz pet indikatora. Ostvareni<br />rezultati istraživanja pokazuju jasne razlike između definisanih scenarija<br />upravljanja otpadom po pitanju odabranih indikatoria i daju dobru osnovu u<br />procesu dono&scaron;enja odluka za unapređenje i izbor optimalnog sistema<br />upravljanja čvrstim komunalnim otpadom.</p> / <p>The goal dissertation is to develop a flexible model for the evaluation<br />waste management system based on LCA methods. The model is<br />based on mass and energy balance. LCA analysis of municipal waste<br />system assess environmental impacts to all phases of the life cycle of<br />waste, and the entire system of waste management. The model is<br />based on modules corresponding to the main phases of LCA<br />methods. Evaluation of different scenarios of waste management is<br />carried out through five indicators. The results show clear differences<br />between the scenarios in terms of impact on selected indicators and<br />provides basis for decision-making processes for the selection of the<br />optimal solid waste management system.</p>

<p>Waste management is a global environmental issue which concerns about a very significant problem in today’s world. There is a considerable amount of disposal of waste without proper segregation which has lead to both economic and environment sufferings. It is still practiced in many cities. There is a tremendous amount of loss in terms of environmental degradation, health hazards and economic descend due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate the waste at the initial stages where it is generated, rather than going for a later option which is inconvenient and expensive. There has to be appropriate planning for proper waste management by means of analysis of the waste situation of the area.</p><p>This paper would deal with, how Geographical Information System can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management. A model is designed for the case study area in an Indian city for the purpose of planning waste management. The suggestions for amendments in the system through GIS based model would reduce the waste management workload to some extent and exhibit remedies for some of the SWM problems in the case study area. The waste management issues are considered to solve some of the present situation problems like proper allocation and relocation of waste bins, check for unsuitability and proximity convenience due to waste bin to the users, proposal of recyclable waste bins for the required areas and future suggestions. The model will be implemented on the Aurangabad city’s case study area data for the analysis and the results will suggest some modification in the existing system which is expected to reduce the waste management workload to a certain extent.</p>

Waste management is a global environmental issue which concerns about a very significant problem in today’s world. There is a considerable amount of disposal of waste without proper segregation which has lead to both economic and environment sufferings. It is still practiced in many cities. There is a tremendous amount of loss in terms of environmental degradation, health hazards and economic descend due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate the waste at the initial stages where it is generated, rather than going for a later option which is inconvenient and expensive. There has to be appropriate planning for proper waste management by means of analysis of the waste situation of the area. This paper would deal with, how Geographical Information System can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management. A model is designed for the case study area in an Indian city for the purpose of planning waste management. The suggestions for amendments in the system through GIS based model would reduce the waste management workload to some extent and exhibit remedies for some of the SWM problems in the case study area. The waste management issues are considered to solve some of the present situation problems like proper allocation and relocation of waste bins, check for unsuitability and proximity convenience due to waste bin to the users, proposal of recyclable waste bins for the required areas and future suggestions. The model will be implemented on the Aurangabad city’s case study area data for the analysis and the results will suggest some modification in the existing system which is expected to reduce the waste management workload to a certain extent.

The Environmental Protection Administration of Executive Yuan has been promoting the environmental protection policy for years, hoping to achieve the goal of ¡§zero waste¡¨ and meet the international environmental standard by executing source minimization and resource recycling. The study aims to investigate the causality between the disbursement incurred from waste management and the effectiveness of control measures of the 22 Taiwan¡¦s administrative regions from 2001 to 2010; variables of the examination are, disbursement incurred from waste management , disposal or treatment rate of municipal waste, and recycling rate of enforcement authority. After the gathering of data, the Granger test is conducted to determine the causality. Given that the data of disbursement incurred from waste management is hard to gather and the details of the actual disbursement of the evaluation indices are impossible to separate, the study postulates that, with consideration of the consistency and continuity of the budgeting process and the massive accident, all the disbursement incurred from waste management is used for the said purpose. The result of the empirical research indicates that disposal or treatment rate of municipal waste and disbursement incurred from waste management are not causally related. In the Granger test, the correlation between disbursement incurred from waste management and recycling rate of enforcement authority are significant at the 0.01 level; the correlation between recycling rate of enforcement authority and disbursement incurred from waste management are significant at the 0.1 level. Therefore, the ¡§Zero Waste¡¨ and ¡§source minimization and resource recycling¡¨ policy promoted by the Administration is effective in reducing the disbursement incurred from waste management. If we adhere to the environmental policy, we can not only improve the environmental health and life quality, but also be able to reduce the expense of waste management and invest the resource on other departments to achieve the effect of protecting the environment while maintaining economic growth.

Magistro darbe vertinamas antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo situacijos Vilniaus mieste valdymas ir valdymo efektyvumas. Pirmajame skyriuje yra apžvelgiami svarbiausi komunalinių atliekų tvarkymą reglamentuojantys Europos sąjungos ir Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktai, klasifikuojamos antrinių žaliavų ir aptariami jų tvarkymo budai, vertinama institucinė atsakomybė atliekų tvarkymo srityje. Antrajame skyriuje, remiantis Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės administracijos medžiaga, nagrinėjama antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo situacija Vilniaus mieste, komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemos kontekste, apžvelgiama Vilniaus miesto antrinių žaliavų sistema. Analizuojama antrinių žaliavų surinkimo ir tvarkymo situacija Lietuvoje ir Vilniuje, vertinami antrinių žaliavų sutvarkymo kaštai. Trečiajame skyriuje, remiantis gyventojų apklausos rezultatu bei interviu su Savivaldybės ir atliekas tvarkančių įmonių ekspertais duomenimis, analizuojama antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo sistema, šios sistemos valdymas ir efektyvumas. Analizė parodė, kad Vilniaus miesto antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo sistema nėra pakankamai efektyvi. Pagrindinė grandis, kuri organizuoja savo teritorijoje susidarančių komunalinių atliekų ir antrinių žaliavų tvarkymą, yra Savivaldybė. Savivaldybė atsakinga už šių atliekų tvarkymo sistemos sukūrimą ir valdymą – reglamentavimą, plėtojimą ir administravimą. Tačiau atlikta analizė parodė, kad antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo sistemos valdymas yra nepakankamai efektyvus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master's work evaluated the processing of secondary raw material situation in Vilnius city management and management efficiency. The first chapter provides an overview of the most important municipal waste management regulations of the European Union and the Lithuanian legal acts of secondary materials are classified and discussed their management techniques; assess the institutional responsibility for waste management. The second chapter, on the basis of the Vilnius City Municipality Administration material issue in the processing of secondary raw material situation in the city of Vilnius, municipal waste management systems in the context of an overview of the city of Vilnius secondary materials system. Analyzing the collection of secondary raw materials and processing situation in Lithuania and Vilnius, evaluates the recycled material clean-up costs. The third chapter, on the basis of the survey results and interviews with municipal waste-management companies and experts in data analysis of secondary raw materials handling system, the system management and efficiency. The analysis showed that the city of Vilnius secondary raw materials handling system is not sufficiently effective. The main chains, which organizes its own territory due to municipal waste and secondary raw materials processing is the municipality. Municipality responsible for the waste management system development and management - regulation, development and... [to full text]

Magistro darbe yra vertinamas Administratoriaus vaidmuo Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemoje. Pirmajame skyriuje aptariamas komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemos valdymas, atliekų tvarkymo politikos principai ir prioritetai, atliekų tvarkymo sektoriaus teisinis reglamentavimas Europos Sąjungoje ir Lietuvoje. Antrajame skyriuje nagrinėjama Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės komunalinių atliekų tvarkymos sistema: savivaldybės institucinė samprata ir jos funkcijos, atliekų tvarkymo sistemos teisinis reglamentavimas, administravimas ir organizavimas, viešosios paslaugos pirkimas ir jos objektas, finansavimo mechanizmas, jos kontrolė ir priežiūra, apibūdinami Administratoriai, veikiantys Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemoje. Trečiajame skyriuje atlikta Administratoriaus vaidmens Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemoje analizė, UAB ,,Naujamiesčio būstas“ pavyzdžiu. Aptariamos Administratoriaus specifinės funkcijos ir uždaviniai susiję su komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo veikla. Pristatoma administravimo tarifų apskaičiavimo metodika, pateikiami atliekų surinkimo ir išvežimo tarifo apskaičiavimo pavyzdžiai. Pateikiami ekspertų ir Žvėryno bei Naujamiesčio seniūnijų gyventojų požiūrio į Administratoriaus vaidmenį komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemoje tyrimo rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad tiek ekspertai, tiek gyventojai išskiria atliekų tvarkymo sistemos trūkumus (netinkamas mokesčio dydis už atliekų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The focus of this master’s final thesis is on administrator’s role in the waste management system of Vilnius municipality estimation. Chapter One describes the waste management system’s administration, the main principles and priorities of waste management policy, waste management legal regulations in European Union and Lithuania. Chapter Two analyses waste management system of Vilnius municipality: the institutional conception of municipality and functions, legal regulations, management and administration of waste management system; procurement of public facilities – object, financial management, control and supervision, also operating administrators in waste management system of Vilnius municipality. Chapter Three analyses administrator’s role in waste management system of Vilnius municipality on the joint stock company “Naujamiesčio būstas” example and describes administrator specific functions and tasks related to waste management activities peculiarity. Also presents administration tariffs calculation methodology and waste gathering and transportation tariff calculation examples. This chapter represents experts and Žvėrynas and Naujamiestis communities expressed views for the administrator’s role in waste management system. Establishment of the fact, that both experts and residents defines the same weaknesses of waste management system (inappropriate waste transportation tariff, lack of collaboration between administrator and the waste holders that influences... [to full text]

The author poses a question whether the current legal regulation of waste is proper. The question is answered by analyzing five issues: variety of the concepts of waste (waste can be perceived in distinct manners and the current concept aggravates the solution of two principal waste problems – danger to the environment and danger to human health); non-systematic use of terms (improper terms are used in Lithuanian legal acts); the jurisprudence of Lithuanian courts in explaining the concept of waste (the courts do not perceive waste properly); the twofold term of the municipal/household waste in Lithuanian legal acts (municipal/household waste is regulated by using the same term, thus it is not clear for which waste persons are taxed); the application of the municipal levy for waste management (the current model does not encourage to preserve the environment). The author concludes that the variety of the concepts of waste, the disagreements among the scholars on the question, the difficulties encoutered by the courts and non-ameliorating status of the environment show that it should be reasonable to discard the current legal regulation of waste. The two principal problems posed by waste and unsuccessfully solved by the current legal regulation are determined principally by the objects which are not in any possesion. Then waste should be perceived as an object which is not in a possesion and the legal regulation should be orientated in making all the objects to have a possesor. / Disertacijoje keliamas klausimas, ar esamas atliekų tvarkymo teisinis reguliavimas yra tinkamas. Į šį klausimą atsakoma analizuojant penkis atliekų tvarkymo teisinio reguliavimo probleminius aspektus: (1) atliekų sampratų įvairovę (atliekas galima suvokti labai įvairiai, o dabartinė atliekų samprata apsunkina dviejų pagrindinių atliekų keliamų problemų – pavojingumo aplinkai ir žmogui - sprendimą); (2) nesusistemintą terminiją (teisės aktuose vartojami netinkami terminai); (3) Lietuvos teismų praktiką aiškinant atliekų sąvoką (teismai atliekas suvokia netinkamai); (4) dvilypę komunalinių atliekų sąvoką (komunalinės atliekos teisės aktuose suvokiamos dvejopai, todėl neaišku, už kokių konkrečiai atliekų tvarkymą asmenys yra apmokestinami); (5) vietinės rinkliavos už komunalinių atliekų surinkimą ir atliekų tvarkymą taikymą (rinkliava neskatina asmenų tausoti aplinkos). Daroma išvada, kad atliekų sampratų įvairovė, teisės mokslininkų nesutarimai, ką laikyti atliekomis, teismų patiriami sunkumai nagrinėjant atliekų bylas ir negerėjanti aplinkos padėtis rodo, kad būtų tikslinga atsisakyti esamo atliekų teisinio reguliavimo. Dvi pagrindines atliekų problemas, kurias siekiama išspręsti esamu atliekų teisiniu reguliavimu, iš esmės kelia tik nevaldomi objektai. Tuomet atliekomis reikėtų laikyti tik tuos objektus, kurie nėra valdomi, o teisiniu reguliavimu siekti, kad visi objektai būtų valdomi.