[ES] La utilización de los medios audiovisuales en la educación musical está ampliamente documentada y especialmente desde la implementación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Desde su incorporación se han desarrollado multitud de metodologías y recursos tanto para el estudio como para el desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades. La música de bandas sonoras es un recurso que tiene una amplia aceptación entre los docentes por su carga simbólica que, en muchos casos, pertenecen al imaginario popular. Si hay un sello que se ha convertido en un referente universal ha sido Disney que desde el inicio de la década de los veinte ha venido creando largometrajes y cortometrajes de animación, así como películas de imagen real. Probablemente, como material educativo estos productos ofrecen grandes posibilidades de trabajo en el aula. Un ejemplo es el caso de Cinderella, objeto de esta tesis doctoral. Así pues, el objetivo principal de la tesis es descifrar la doble mirada adulto-niño y, al igual que ocurre en el tratamiento del guion y de la imagen, descubrir las características musicales que definen esa doble audiencia. Así mismo conocer su paisaje sonoro y los recursos netamente musicales utilizados en las secciones claramente dedicadas a los niños y niñas. Este análisis se hará atendiendo a dos criterios diferentes. En primer lugar, comprobando el metraje de música utilizado en las tramas principales, del utilizado en las sub-tramas y como éstas pueden ir dirigidas a diferentes públicos. En segundo lugar, comprobando los elementos técnicos que corresponde a cada uno de los lenguajes y por extensión a cada uno de los públicos objetivo. Por otra parte, se analizará la función gramatical y expresiva de los elementos musicales y su utilización. Referente a la pregunta de investigación se parte de la siguiente hipótesis: existen elementos musicales dirigidos a una doble audiencia al igual que existen desde el punto de vista visual y literario. Para los objetivos planteados, se han tenido en cuenta paradigmas de investigación basada en artes en la educación, además de procedimientos metodológicos tanto cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados apuntan que la banda sonora actúa en gran medida como lienzo sobre el que pintar la acción o la trama. Es decir, como paisaje sonoro. Por otra parte, el uso que hacen los compositores de música para cine de las dinámicas y las velocidades durante la denominada "primera época dorada" de Disney muestra que poseían una comprensión intuitiva de cómo las variaciones en velocidad, modo y orquestación podían influir en el estado de ánimo y la percepción de la audiencia. La música de Cenicienta evoca una amplia gama de emociones en los espectadores, desde la felicidad y la esperanza hasta la tristeza y la angustia. La partitura y las canciones capturan y transmiten las emociones de los personajes y las situaciones de manera magistral, creando una experiencia emocionalmente rica y significativa. / [CA] La utilització dels mitjans audiovisuals en l'educació musical està àmpliament documentada i especialment des de la implementació de les noves tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació. Des de la seua incorporació s'han desenvolupat multitud de metodologies i recursos tant per a l'estudi com per al desenvolupament de destreses i habilitats. La música de bandes sonores és un recurs que té una àmplia acceptació entre els docents per la seua càrrega simbòlica que, en molts casos, pertanyen a l'imaginari popular. Si hi ha un segell que s'ha convertit en un referent universal ha sigut Disney que des de l'inici de la dècada dels vint ha vingut creant llargmetratges i curtmetratges d'animació, així com pel·lícules d'imatge real. Probablement, com a material educatiu aquests productes ofereixen grans possibilitats de treball a l'aula. Un exemple és el cas de Cinderella, objecte d'aquesta tesi doctoral. Així doncs, l'objectiu principal de la tesi és desxifrar la doble mirada adult-xiquet i, igual que ocorre en el tractament del guió i de la imatge, descobrir les característiques musicals que defineixen eixa doble audiència. Així mateix conéixer el seu paisatge sonor i els recursos netament musicals utilitzats en les seccions clarament dedicades als xiquets i xiquetes. Aquesta anàlisi es farà atenent dos criteris diferents. En primer lloc, comprovant el metratge de música utilitzat en les trames principals i l'utilitzat en les sub-trames i com aquestes poden anar dirigides a diferents públics. En segon lloc, comprovant els elements tècnics que correspon a cadascun dels llenguatges i per extensió a cadascun dels públics objectiu. D'altra banda, s'analitzarà la funció gramatical i expressiva dels elements musicals i la seua utilització. Referent a la pregunta d'investigació es parteix de la següent hipòtesi: existeixen elements musicals dirigits a una doble audiència igual que existeixen des del punt de vista visual i literari. Per als objectius plantejats, s'han tingut en compte paradigmes d'investigació basada en arts en l'educació, a més de procediments metodològics punt qualitatius i quantitatius. Els resultats apunten que la banda sonora actua en gran manera com a llenç sobre el qual pintar l'acció o la trama. És a dir, com a paisatge sonor. D'altra banda, l'ús que fan els compositors de música per a cinema de les dinàmiques i les velocitats durant la denominada "primera època daurada" de Disney mostra que posseïen una comprensió intuïtiva de com les variacions en velocitat, mode i orquestració podien influir en l'estat d'ànim i la percepció de l'audiència. La música de Cinderella evoca una àmplia gamma d'emocions en els espectadors, des de la felicitat i l'esperança fins a la tristesa i l'angoixa. La partitura i les cançons capturen i transmeten les emocions dels personatges i les situacions de manera magistral, creant una experiència emocionalment rica i significativa. / [EN] The use of audio-visual media in musical education is widely documented, especially since the implementation of new information and communication technologies. Since their incorporation, numerous methodologies and resources have been developed for both study and the development of skills and abilities. Film music is a resource widely accepted by educators due to its symbolic content, which often belongs to the popular imagination. If there is a brand that has become a universal reference, it is Disney, which has been creating animated feature films and shorts, as well as live-action films, since the beginning of the twenties. Probably, as educational material, these products offer great possibilities for classroom work. An example is the case of Cinderella, the subject of this doctoral thesis. Therefore, the main objective of the thesis is to decipher the dual adult-child perspective and, as in the treatment of the script and image, discover the musical characteristics that define this dual audience. Also, to understand its soundscape and the purely musical resources used in sections clearly dedicated to children. This analysis will be carried out considering two different criteria. First, by checking the length of music used in the main plots, that used in subplots, and how these can be directed to different audiences. Second, by checking the technical elements corresponding to each of the languages and, by extension, to each of the target audiences. On the other hand, the grammatical and expressive function of musical elements and their use will be analysed. Regarding the research question, the following hypothesis is assumed: there are musical elements aimed at a dual audience, just as there are from a visual and literary point of view. For the stated objectives, research paradigms based on arts in education have been considered, as well as both qualitative and quantitative methodological procedures. The results indicate that the soundtrack largely acts as a canvas on which to paint the action or plot, that is, as a soundscape. On the other hand, the use by film music composers of dynamics and tempos during the so-called "first golden age" of Disney shows that they had an intuitive understanding of how variations in speed, mode, and orchestration could influence the mood and perception of the audience. Cinderella's music evokes a wide range of emotions in viewers, from happiness and hope to sadness and distress. The score and songs masterfully capture and convey the emotions of the characters and situations, creating an emotionally rich and meaningful experience. / Fernández Maximiano, R. (2023). La doble audiencia en las películas de Disney. Análisis de la música y del paisaje sonoro de la Cinderella [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202191

This thesis investigates the relationship between Hindemith’s music theory and his evolving compositional practice. It focuses on the first volume of his Unterweisung im Tonsatz (1937); both evaluating the very identity of the treatise and analysing how it may be applied to free composition. Above all, this work highlights the increased use of quartal pitch collections found in Hindemith’s Unterweisung-based compositions. Archival documents from the universities of Yale, Berlin, Buffalo, and the Frankfurt Hindemith Institute augment this process, and are used to revise our understanding of how Hindemith’s music theory originated, and how it relates to his practice and teaching. The dissertation begins by exploring the theoretical and intellectual climate of the Rundfunkversuchsstelle at the Berlin Hochschule für Musik within a critical commentary of Hindemith’s music theory. It then develops a new theoretical perspective of quartal pitch space, and atonal prolongation, to provide an analytical toolkit. The list of compositions in the Unterweisung appendix, which Hindemith felt most successfully demonstrated his theory in practice, structures the next three chapters. The Sonata for Solo Viola op. 25/1, a pre-Unterweisung composition, is followed by the Ludus Tonalis, which was published soon afterwards, which is investigated for its explicit theoretical connections. The third analytical chapter focuses on the Das Marienleben cycle as a work written before the Unterweisung, and subsequently revised with theoretical concerns. The final two chapters investigate the prominent decline in popularity experienced by Hindemith, both regarding his theory and compositions, from the 1950s. This is epitomised by a number of strongly-worded polemics published in The Music Review, much of which, it may be argued, is inaccurate or unduly critical. The thesis ends by constructing a Hindemith legacy based on a selection of archival documents and scores, together with a selection of trends in composition and music theory.

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Arnold van Wyk was a composer and a pianist. He recorded his largest work for piano, Night Music (1958), on LP in 1963. Steven de Groote performed Night Music on 21 July 1984 at the Cheltenham International Festival of Music. This live performance was broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 24 September 1984 and a copy of this broadcast exists in the Arnold van Wyk collection in the J.S. Gericke Library at Stellenbosch University. Night Music is a perfect example of Van Wyk’s compositional techniques for the keyboard. It demands a considerable musical imagination and piano technique from the performer. The score of Night Music contains many detailed instructions regarding the different musical parameters and it also encloses unusual terms such as glacial or lugubre. It shows that the composer is extremely concerned to control all aspects of the performance and expects great depth of interpretation of the performer. Analysing the score of Night Music together with a performance by the composer enables one to consider two versions of “authenticated text”. The comparison between Arnold van Wyk’s recording, score and Steven de Groote’s performance allows the researcher to draw conclusions about score fidelity as a condition for “authenticity” in performance. Therefore, the primary aim of this research project is to yield interesting perspectives on notions of authenticity in performance with regard to these two particular performances of Night Music. The main body of this thesis consists of four chapters. In Chapter One a philosophical discussion about authenticity in performance is presented. Chapter Two focuses on the contextualisation of the work under discussion, including the reception and a short analysis of Night Music. It is followed by Chapter Three which compares the pianism of Arnold van Wyk and Steven de Groote. These latter two chapters form the background of the comparative performance analysis of the renditions of Night Music by these two performers which are presented in Chapter Four. Through the careful comparative analysis of Arnold van Wyk’s and Steven de Groote’s performances of Night Music it was possible to observe that a composer can present a version of his work that departs quite radically from the score. As “authenticity in performance” strives to honour the composer’s intentions as notated in the score, this discrepancy illustrates the controversial nature of the discourse on the “authentic” in music.

In 1930s and 1940s Shanghai, musicians and artists from different cultures and varied backgrounds joined and made the golden age of Shanghai popular song which suggests the beginnings of Chinese popular music in modern times. However, Shanghai popular song has long been neglected in most works about the modern history of Chinese music and remains an unexplored area in Shanghai studies. This study aims to reconstruct a historical view of the Shanghai popular music industry and make a stylistic analysis of its musical products. The research is undertaken at two levels: first, understanding the operating mechanism of the ‘platform’ and second, investigating the components of the ‘products’. By contrasting the hypothetical flowchart of the Shanghai popular music industry, details of the producing, selling and consuming processes are retrieved from various historical sources to reconstruct the industry platform. Through the first level of research, it is found that the rising new media and the flourishing entertainment industry profoundly influenced the development of Shanghai popular song. In addition, social and political changes and changes in business practices and the organisational structure of foreign record companies also contributed to the vast production, popularity and commercial success of Shanghai popular song. From the composition-performance view of song creation, the second level of research reveals that Chinese and Western musical elements both existed in the musical products. The Chinese vocal technique, Western bel canto and instruments from both musical traditions were all found in historical recordings. When ignoring the distinctive nature of pentatonicism but treating Chinese melodies as those on Western scales, Chinese-style tunes could be easily accompanied by chordal harmony. However, the Chinese heterophonic feature was lost in the Western accompaniment texture. Moreover, it is also found that the traditional rules governing the relationship between words and the melody was dismissed in Shanghai popular songwriting. The findings of this study fill in the neglected part in modern history of Chinese music and add to the literature on the under-explored musical area in Shanghai studies. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that against a map illustrating how musical products moved from record companies to consumers along with all other involved participants, the history of popular music can be rediscovered systematically by using songs as evidence, treating media material carefully and tracking down archives and surviving participants.

This dissertation is an analytical comparison of the works for solo clarinet by Paul Hindemith and his student Arnold Cooke. A total of seven compositions are studied and analyzed for style, covering aspects of melody, harmony, rhythm, form, and texture. From this data, conclusions concerning the accessibility of Cooke's music for solo clarinet to the player and listener are made. Although Hindemith's music for solo clarinet is more often played, it is this author's conclusion that Cooke's works are more satisfactory in their accessibility and ease of performance.

The present work is intended to ascertain the most important stylistic developments of one major composer, Binchois, and several lesser composers: Grenon, Fontaine, Vide, Joye, Constans, Morton and Hayne. All of these musicians were employed by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy (1420-1467), when he was one of the richest, most powerful and most respected of all the sovereigns of Europe.

The purpose of this paper is to give a historical and stylistic analysis of the Sonata, Op.31, No.2 in D minor of Beethoven. The historical background of Beethoven, the time period the sonata was written, and the influence that the piano of the time had on the sonata is first discussed. The author then discusses the general aspects of Beethoven's style followed by a detailed analysis of the sonata.

In contemporary consumer culture, branding is the term given to the creation of an image or text (visual, aural, textural or multi-sensory) intended to represent a commodity or product sold by a producer or service provider. This product’s commercial viability depends largely on the way it is presented (via branding) to its target market. The aim of this research report is to show that music used consciously as a branding medium, with special reference to film music (in its commodified form), has become a brand in itself, as opposed to merely a component of a multi-modal commercial product. Through analyses of a central film music theme from Star Wars: Episode IV, composed by John Williams, I aim to identify what I will term `audio-branding techniques’ within the music, thereby showing how music has come to be regarded as a brand. The audio branding techniques will relate directly to the four levels of analysis that I propose to conduct. The nature of branding implies the presence of three entities in the cultural and commercial `transaction’ that takes place: namely, the service provider (creator), the product (commodity) and the target market (consumer). I intend to argue that, as a result of powerful creative collaborations between John Williams and his various directors (not to mention his own unique talent), this composer’s film music has increasingly become an audio brand which is almost commensurate with the brand status of the film itself. Williams’s ability to create a symbiotic relationship between a music brand and that of a film has set him apart from most other contemporary art and commercial composers. As a result, it is not simply the actors, directors and producers associated with a movie that induce one to buy tickets to see it, but Williams’s independent audio branding style as well. I thus aim to prove that his film music is an audio brand independent of, and yet also allied with, other brands.

L’étude de la musique mixte est caractérisée par un dualisme d’approches, ceux qui étudient les dispositifs et ceux qui utilisent les stratégies analytiques perceptives issues de la musique électroacoustique. Pour surmonter ce dualisme, cette thèse esquisse une typologie à partir de la perception de l’interaction des composantes instrumentale et électronique : les œuvres mixtes sont considérées comme des «œuvres hybrides» juxtapositionnelles, synthétiques et transformationnelles. Afin de conjuguer les aspects de la perception et de la prescription dans la musique mixte, les notions de geste et texture s’avèrent pertinentes. Une approche analytique holistique est proposée. La définition d’un objet spécifique, le « son mixte », nous permet d’interpréter d’une manière originale la spectromorphologie de Denis Smalley et d’examiner ses fondements épistémologiques. Les critères perceptifs de la typologie s’avèrent fondés sur une répartition fonctionnelle des débuts, entretiens et extinctions sonores des « sons mixtes » entre la partie instrumentale et électronique. Cette perspective est validée par l’analyse comparative de cinq cas d’étude : Sopiana et Aulodie de François-Bernard Mâche, Pluton de Philippe Manoury, Traiettoria de Marco Stroppa et Mixtur de Karlheinz Stockhausen. / The study of mixed music is characterized by a dualist approach: on the one hand, an analysis that merely focuses on technical meansand, on the other hand, research resorting to perceptive strategies in the analysis of electroacoustic music. In order to overcome thistraditional dualism, this work sketches a perceptive typology of the interaction between instrumental and electronic components, mixedmusic works are considered juxtapositionals, synthetics and transformationals. In doing so, the thesis advances an analytical holisticapproach in order to combine the concepts of perception and prescription in mixed music, where the notions of gesture and texture areparticularly relevant. The definition of a specific objet, i.e. the “mixed sound”, allows for an original interpretation of Denis Smalley’sspectromorphology and its epistemological framework. As a result, the typological perceptive criteria here proposed are based on thefunctional distribution of the attacks, sustains and decays of “mixed sounds” between the instrumental and the electronic parts. Thishypothesis is illustrated through the detailed analysis of five case studies: François-Bernard Mâche’s Sopiana and Aulodie, PhilippeManoury’s Pluton, Marco Stroppa’s Traiettoria and Karlheinz Stockhausen’s Mixtur.

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of jazz trumpeter Chet Baker's improvisational style, both instrumental and vocal, during the early period of his career (1952-1959). Baker's early years were divided into six periods, based on major milestones: The Charlie Parker Groups (1952-1953), The Gerry Mulligan Quartet and Tentette (1952-1953), The Chet Baker Quartets (1953-1956), The European Groups (1955-1956), Quartets, Quintets, and Sextets (1956-1957), and The Riverside Recordings (1958-1959). Improvised lines and chord changes from fifteen solos were transcribed and analyzed by the researcher; melodies of standard songs were transcribed and compared with the original version. The number of solos selected from each period was based on the length of time Baker spent with each particular group and the number of albums recorded. The solos were analyzed in terms of rhythmic interpretation of melodies, intervals utilized, use of nonharmonic tones, use of jazz cliches, embellishment of the melodic line, use of melodic and rhythmic patterns, range, tone quality, articulation, vibrato, and vocal scat syllables. As a result of this analysis, the researcher was able to draw conclusions concerning Baker's improvisational style during the period of the study. / School of Music