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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Musiques pour éponge : la composition pour un nouvel instrument de musique numérique

Marier, Martin 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
142

Caracterização da indústria de instrumentos musicais no estado de São Paulo: aspectos sócio/econômicos, de manufatura e de inovação

Delgado, Sven Schafers 25 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2980.pdf: 667194 bytes, checksum: 9a3ff9b92c6225d5837bd6da97dacf8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study aimed to characterize aspects of manufacturing, innovation and socio/economic data from the Musical Instruments Industry (MII) in the state of São Paulo in the period 2003- 2008. The study was justified because the so called "entertainment industry", especially the "music industry" has brought substantive economic and social gains. It was aimed to contribute to the understanding of the structure and size of the productive chain of the music economy in Brazil, particularly through the analysis of MII in the state of São Paulo. Data analysis was primarily qualitative since the research was an exploratory and descriptive type. Data from the MII were obtained from two sources: (a) a secondary, drawn from public governmental databases (MDIC/SECEX/DEPLA and ALICE-WEB) and private associative entities (ANAFIMA and ABEMUSICA) and (b) other primary research, produced through non-probabilistic and non-parametric sample, conducted with population N = 26 companies, producing/building traditional musical instruments in the state of Sao Paulo until the year 2008. The field study, type survey was used to obtain data from the population in the period of December 2008 to January 2009 with the following instruments: a semi-structured questionnaire (electronic/printed) and informal visits (observations and field diaries). Elapsed phase of data collection, the raw data were processed and analyzed via spreadsheets with Excel software, to then be converted into frequency tables and relevant graphs. The analytical methods used were based on descriptive statistics and descriptive and exploratory analysis. The proposed objectives for socio/economics, manufacturing and product innovation aspects have been met. The results indicate that the MII in the State of São Paulo is composed of Micro, Small and Medium companies with: (1) an innovative low rate of innovation provided by the lack of investment in R&D; (2) an absence of forms of cooperation in innovation product and (3) a lack of information about Manufacturing Support Systems. The research also indicates that brazilian national public policies are rare and do not support a more competitive MII at the national or even global scope. This research helps to better understand the MII in the State of São Paulo, and can help formulate policies and actions that may leverage its development and progress. / Objetivou-se caracterizar aspectos de manufatura, de inovação e dados sócio/econômicos da Indústria de Instrumentos Musicais (IIM) no estado de São Paulo no período de 2003-2008. O estudo se justificou, pois a chamada indústria de entretenimento , em especial a indústria da música , tem trazido ganhos econômicos e sociais substantivos. Buscou-se assim contribuir para a compreensão da estrutura e importância da cadeia produtiva da economia da música no Brasil, através da análise particular da IIM no estado de São Paulo. A análise de dados foi essencialmente qualitativa já que a pesquisa teve um caráter exploratório e descritivo. Os dados da IIM foram obtidos através de dois tipos de fontes: (a) uma secundária, advinda de bases de dados públicas governamentais (MDIC/SECEX/DEPLA e ALICE-WEB) e de entidades associativistas (ANAFIMA e ABEMUSICA) privadas e (b) outra primária, produzida através de pesquisa amostral não probabilística e não paramétrica, realizada junto à população N = 26 empresas, que produziam/montavam instrumentos musicais tradicionais no estado de São Paulo até o ano de 2008. A pesquisa de campo, tipo survey, foi utilizada para obter o levantamento da população no período de dez. de 2008 a jan. de 2009 com os seguintes instrumentos: um questionário semi-estruturado (eletrônico/impresso) e visitas informais (observações e diários de campo). Transcorrida a fase da coleta de dados, os dados brutos foram tratados e analisados via planilhas eletrônicas com o software EXCEL, para então, serem convertidas em tabelas de freqüência e gráficos pertinentes. Os métodos de análise utilizados foram baseados na estatística descritiva, análise descritiva e exploratória. Os objetivos propostos relativos a aspectos sócio/econômicos, de manufatura e de inovação em produto foram atendidos. Os resultados indicam que a IIM no Estado de São Paulo é formada por Micro, Pequenas e Médias empresas detentoras de: (1) uma baixa taxa inovativa propiciada pela falta de investimento em P&D; (2) uma ausência de formas de cooperação para inovação em produto e (3) um desconhecimento sobre Sistemas de Suporte à Manufatura. A pesquisa também indica que as políticas públicas nacionais são escassas e não sustentam uma maior competitividade da IIM no âmbito nacional ou até global. Esta pesquisa contribui para compreender melhor a indústria de instrumentos musicais no Estado de São Paulo, bem como pode auxiliar a formulação de ações e políticas que alavanquem o seu desenvolvimento e progresso.
143

The Serpent and Ophicleide as Instruments of Romantic Color in Selected Works by Mendelssohn, Berlioz and Wagner

Morgan, Richard Sanborn 12 1900 (has links)
Traditional scholarship has stated that the serpent and ophicleide (as well as their successor, the tuba) were developed and added to the standard orchestra to add a bass voice to the brass, allowing a tonal compass to match a similar downward expansion in the strings and woodwinds. A closer reading of the earliest scores calling for these instruments reveals a more coloristic purpose, related to timbre as much as to compass. Indeed, the fact that composers rarely wrote for serpent and ophicleide makes two points: it proves them to be inadequate choices as a brass bass, and when they were called for, they had an expressive, often descriptive purpose. Despite his conservative musical education supervised by Carl Friedrich Zelter, the seventeen-year-old Mendelssohn, under the influence of A. B. Marx, used the Corno inglese di basso, an upright version of the serpent, in his Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream to give a more rustic flavor to Bottom's ass-braying. Even when the English bass horn functioned as a bass voice, it was playing in contexts that were descriptive, where it often demonstrated its musical inadequacy. Berlioz's descriptive writing for the serpent and ophicleide are well known. A remarkable feature which Symphonie fantastique shares with works by the other composers is the confidence Berlioz showed in the ophicleide's functional independence by occasionally giving it an arpeggiated figure while the rest of the orchestra sustains the chord. Wagner's writing for the serpent and ophicleide in Rienzi follows the less imaginative conventions of French grand opera. In Der fliegende Holländer the ophicleide, while not used as descriptively as Mendelssohn and Berlioz, nevertheless contributes significantly to Wagner's emerging focus on the inner lives of his characters and expressive commentary on the stage action. Tubists should consider the expressive implications and the unique timbre of these instruments when performing works originally written for the forerunners of the tuba.
144

Anthoni van Noordt: Historical and Analytical Analysis of His Tabulatuurboeck van Psalmen en Fantasyen of 1659

Javadova-Spitzberg, Jamila 05 1900 (has links)
This dissertation presents a historical and analytical study of the organ works of Anthoni van Noordt. Van Noordt's Tabulatuurboeck is one of the most important music publications in mid-seventeenth-century Netherlands. It gives unique, valuable information on organ playing of its time. The process of discrete analysis has led to the identification and exploration of many details, such as extensive use of pedal, the reliance of the composer on rhetorical principals of composition, and his integration of the Italian and German principals of ensemble techniques. The dissertation is divided into three major parts. The first part contains chapters on van Noordt's biography based on available archival documents as well as a chapter on the organ and its role in seventeenth -century Amsterdam. The second part is solely dedicated to the Tabulatuurboeck examining the physical and technical features of the publication including the style of the publication, the letter and staff notation, hand positions, and rhetorical components. Finally, the third part studies the music and its peculiar characteristics with separate chapters on the variations and fantasias.
145

Applying Natural Horn Technique to Modern Valved Horn Performance Practice

Wick, Heidi F. 11 October 2001 (has links)
No description available.
146

La música como herramienta inclusiva: el conjunto musical en la Escuela de Laurena di Borrello

Mannis, Francesco 02 September 2022 (has links)
[IT] L’obiettivo principale di questo studio consiste nel verificare se l’insegnamento musicale, e in particolar modo la pratica musicale d’insieme (dalle piccole formazioni a quelle orchestrali), sia in grado di facilitare i processi di inclusione in alcuni contesti sociali e didattici compromessi per differenti cause. Per dare risposta a questa domanda, la ricerca ha rivolto la sua attenzione sull’insegnamento musicale nelle Scuole Secondarie di Primo Grado italiane con studenti di età compresa tra 11 e 14 anni e, in concreto, in una scuola calabrese che, nell’ambito della sua offerta formativa, propone il corso di Strumento Musicale; tale materia offre ad alunne e alunni la possibilità di frequentare lezioni di strumento sia a livello individuale sia d’insieme. Partendo da questo obiettivo di carattere generale, si è ritenuto utile anche verificare se le Scuole Secondarie di Primo Grado ad indirizzo musicale italiane (e in particolar modo la pratica musicale d’insieme ad esse correlata) stiano svolgendo una funzione didattico-sociale che varca non solo i confini di una semplice materia scolastica, ma anche quelli dello stesso istituto, con ricadute positive per tutta la società e il territorio circostante. Nonostante l’indirizzo musicale sia ormai una materia presente in molte delle Scuole Secondarie di Primo Grado italiane, la scelta dello studio in questione è ricaduta su una realtà musicale che negli ultimi dieci anni si è fatta conoscere su tutto il territorio nazionale per il forte impatto sociale che la pratica musicale d’insieme ha avuto per l’intera comunità circostante. La ricerca, infatti, si è svolta nella scuola “G. B. Marzano” di Laureana di Borrello (Calabria-Italia) dove il corso di Strumento Musicale è riuscito, grazie anche a una sinergia di intenzioni e lungimiranza di impegni con l’altra realtà musicale del paese (orchestra “Ragone”), a esercitare una forte influenza di coesione sociale che ha oltrepassato gli stessi limiti dell’istituto scolastico. L’attenzione dello studio si è focalizzata nel seguimento di sei alunni vincolati con il corso di Strumento Musicale per i quali, in fase di selezione del campione, sono emersi elementi o problemi concreti che hanno fatto sospettare rischi di esclusione o possibili vantaggi derivanti dalla partecipazione all’attività musicale. Allo stesso tempo, si è cercato di verificare l’efficacia dell’insegnamento dello Strumento Musicale dal punto di vista prettamente tecnico e il ruolo che lo stesso iii ricopre all’interno del ciclo di studi musicali nei suoi rapporti di propedeuticità con gli altri ordini di scuola. La raccolta dei dati utili per il seguimento dei casi in questione si è basata sulla combinazione della metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa in modo che la duplice prospettiva potesse fornire basi più solide per la conferma delle ipotesi strutturate in partenza. L’analisi dei risultati osservati ha evidenziato il forte impatto che lo Strumento Musicale ha esercitato (e sta esercitando) per l’intera comunità di Laureana, anche grazie al forte legame tra lo stesso e l’orchestra “Ragone” che offre un percorso di continuità e di crescita sia dal punto di vista musicale, che umano e sociale. Le conclusioni lasciano pensare, senza cadere in facili e fallaci generalizzazioni, che lo Strumento Musicale stia esercitando un ruolo sociale che va oltre a quello degli obblighi di una semplice materia scolastica, sia per la capillarità della sua diffusione su tutto il territorio italiano, sia per le possibilità di aggregazione sociale e crescita integrale proprie della stessa disciplina, soprattutto negli aspetti connessi alla pratica musicale d’insieme. / [ES] El objetivo principal de este estudio radica en verificar si la enseñanza musical y en particular medida la práctica musical de conjunto (desde las formaciones más pequeñas hasta las formaciones orquestales), puede facilitar los procesos de inclusión en contextos sociales y didácticos comprometidos por diferentes razones. Con el fin de contestar a esta pregunta, se ha focalizado la atención en la enseñanza de la práctica musical en el nivel de secundaria con estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 11 y 14 años y, más concretamente, en una escuela secundaria de primer grado de la región de Calabria (Italia) que cuenta, en su oferta formativa, con la asignatura de instrumento musical; dicha asignatura permite al alumnado del centro recibir clases de instrumento musical tanto de forma individual como de conjunto. A partir de este objetivo general, también ha resultado útil verificar si las escuelas italianas con la enseñanza de instrumento musical (y en particular medida la actividad de música de conjunto del mismo curso) están desarrollando un rol didáctico y social que va más allá no sólo de los límites de una simple asignatura sino también de los límites de la misma escuela, con efectos positivos para la sociedad y el territorio que rodea la escuela. Aunque la asignatura de instrumento musical esté ya radicada en muchas escuelas italianas, se ha elegido para este estudio una realidad musical que desde hace diez años se ha dado a conocer a nivel nacional por las evidentes influencias sociales que la práctica musical de conjunto ha habido para toda la comunidad. La investigación se ha llevado a cabo en el instituto "G. B. Marzano" de Laureana de Borrello (Calabria-Italia) en el cual el curso de instrumento musical ha logrado, también gracias a una estrecha colaboración con otra realidad musical del pueblo (orquesta "Ragone"), ejercer fuertes influencias de cohesión social que ha ido más allá de los espacios escolares. El estudio se ha centrado en el seguimiento de seis alumnos del curso de instrumento musical de los cuales, en la fase de selección del muestreo, habían salido a la luz algunos elementos que dejaban sospechar tantos probables riesgos de exclusión como ventajas conectadas con la participación a las actividades musicales. Al mismo tiempo se ha intentado averiguar la eficacia de la enseñanza de instrumento desde el punto de vista estrictamente técnico y el rol que dicha asignatura desarrolla en el ciclo de estudios musicales en sus relaciones propedéuticas con los otros grados. La recogida de datos relativos a los casos objeto de estudio se ha llevado a cabo a través de la combinación de la metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa para que la doble perspectiva pudiera otorgar bases más sólidas a la hora de confirmar las hipótesis iniciales. El análisis de los datos observados ha evidenciado la fuerte influencia que la asignatura de instrumento musical supuso (y está suponiendo) para toda la comunidad del pueblo de Laureana, también gracias a la conexión entre el mismo curso de instrumento y la orquesta "Ragone" que ofrece una posibilidad de continuación y de crecimiento tanto desde el punto de vista musical como humano y social. Las conclusiones dejan suponer, sin caer en simples y falsas generalizaciones, que el instrumento musical esté desarrollando una labor social que va más allá de sus obligaciones de asignatura escolar, debido a su difusión capilar en todo el territorio nacional y a las posibilidades de cohesión social y desarrollo integral propias de la misma asignatura, en particular medida por los aspectos relacionados a la práctica musical de conjunto. / [CA] L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi radica en verificar si l'ensenyament musical i en particular mesura la pràctica musical de conjunt (des de les formacions més xicotetes fins a les formacions orquestrals), pot facilitar els processos d'inclusió en contextos socials i didàctics compromesos per diferents raons. Amb la finalitat de contestar a aquesta pregunta, s'ha focalitzat l'atenció en l'ensenyament de la pràctica musical en el nivell de secundària amb alumnes d'edats compreses entre 11 i 14 anys i, més concretament, en una escola secundària de primer grau de la regió de Calàbria (Itàlia) que compta, en la seva oferta formativa, amb l'assignatura d'instrument musical; aquesta assignatura permet al alumnat del centre rebre classes d'instrument musical tant de manera individual com de conjunt. A partir d'aquest objectiu general, també ha resultat útil verificar si les escoles italianes amb l'ensenyança d'instrument musical (i en particular mesura l'activitat de música de conjunt del mateix curs) estiguen desenrotllant un rol didàctic i social que va més enllà no sols dels límits d'una simple assignatura sinó també dels límits de la mateixa escola, amb efectes positius per a la societat i el territori que rodeja l'escola. Encara que l'assignatura d'instrument musical estiga ja radicada en moltes escoles italianes, s'ha triat per a este estudi una realitat musical que des de fa deu anys s'ha donat a conéixer a nivell nacional per les evidents influències socials que la pràctica musical de conjunt hi ha hagut per a tota la comunitat. La investigació s'ha dut a terme en l'institut "G. B. Marzano" de Laureana de Borrello (Calabria-Italia) en el qual el curs d'instrument musical ha aconseguit, també gràcies a una estreta col·laboració amb una altra realitat musical del poble (orquestra "Ragone"), a exercir fortes influències de cohesió social que ha anat més enllà dels espais escolars. L'estudi s'ha centrat en el seguiment de sis alumnes del curs d'instrument musical dels quals, en la fase de selecció del mostratge, havien eixit a la llum alguns elements que deixaven sospitar tants probable riscos d'exclusió com a avantatges connectades amb la participació a les activitats musicals. Al mateix temps s'ha intentat esbrinar l'eficàcia de l'ensenyança d'instrument des del punt de vista estrictament tècnic i el rol que la dita assignatura desenrotlla en el cicle d'estudis musicals en les seues relacions propedèutiques amb els altres graus. La recollida de dades relatives als casos objecte d'estudi s'ha dut a terme a través de la combinació de la metodologia quantitativa i qualitativa perquè la doble perspectiva poguera atorgar bases més sòlides a l'hora de confirmar les hipòtesis inicials. L'anàlisi de les dades observats han evidenciat la forta influència que l'assignatura d'instrument musical va suposar (i està suposant) per a tota la comunitat del poble de Laureana, també gràcies a la connexió entre el mateix curs d'instrument i l'orquestra "Ragone" que oferix una possibilitat de continuació i de creixement tant des del punt de vista musical com a humà i social. Les conclusions deixen suposar, sense caure en simples i falses generalitzacions, que l'instrument musical estiga desenrotllant un rol social que va més enllà de les seues obligacions d'assignatura escolar, a causa de la seua difusió capil·lar en tot el territori nacional i a les possibilitats de cohesió social i desenrotllament integral pròpies de la mateixa assignatura, en particular mesura pels aspectes relacionats a la pràctica musical de conjunt. / [EN] The main objective of this study is to verify whether musical teaching and in particular ensemble musical practice (from smaller formations to orchestral formations) can facilitate inclusion processes in social and didactic contexts, which are compromised for different reasons. In order to find answers to this question, the main focus lies on musical practice teaching at the secondary level with students between the ages of 11 and 14 and, more specifically, at a middle school in the region of Calabria (Italy), that includes, in its formative offer, the subject of musical instrument; this subject allows students of the center to receive musical instrument classes both individually and in groups. Based on this general objective, it has also been useful to check whether Italian schools offering musical instruments teaching (and in particular the activity of ensemble music in the same academic course) are developing a didactic and social role, that goes beyond not only the limits of a simple subject but also the limits of the same school, with positive effects on society and the communities surrounding the school. Although the subject of musical instrument is already rooted in many Italian schools, for this study a specific musical reality has been chosen, which in these last ten years has come to be known nationwide because of the obvious social influences that the ensemble musical practice has had for the whole community. The research has been carried out at the High School "G.B. Marzano" in Laureana de Borrello (Calabria-Italy) in which the class of musical instrument has achieved, partly due to a close collaboration with another musical reality of the town (the "Orchestra Ragone"), to exert a strong influence of social cohesion that has gone beyond the school areas. The study focused on the follow-up of six students of the musical instrument class. Regarding a number of these students some elements had come to light during the sampling selection phase that hinted to likely risks of exclusion as well as to advantages to be gained from the participation in musical activities. At the same time an attempt has been made to evaluate and measure the effectiveness of instrument teaching from a strictly technical point of view, and also the role that this school subject plays in the cycle of musical studies in its propedeutic relationships with the other degrees. The collection of data relating to the cases under study has been carried out through the combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology so that the dual perspective could provide stronger foundations when confirming the initial hypotheses. The analysis of the studied data has shown the strong influence and meaning that the entire community of the people of Laureana attaches to the subject of musical instrument, also thanks to the connection between the same instrument class and the "Orchestra Ragone", that offers a possibility of continuation and growth both from a musical and a human and social point of view. The conclusions suggest, without falling into simple and false generalizations, that the musical instrument teaching is developing a social role that goes beyond its obligations as a school subject. This is so, because of its capillary dissemination throughout the whole of the country and the possibilities of social cohesion and integral development it offers, typical of the same subject, in particular of the specifics related to ensemble musical practice. / Mannis, F. (2022). La música como herramienta inclusiva: el conjunto musical en la Escuela de Laurena di Borrello [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/186009
147

The Keyboard Toccatas of Michelangelo Rossi (ca. 1602-1656): Performance Perspectives for Organists

Van Rooyen, Hentus 12 1900 (has links)
This dissertation provides comprehensive performance perspectives for the interpretation of the published keyboard toccatas by Michelangelo Rossi (ca.1602-1656) in his collection, Toccate e Correnti d'Intavolatura d'Organo e Cimbalo (c. 1634). This document consults the following sources on keyboard practice in the early-Baroque period: Girolamo Diruta's Il Transilvano Dialogo Sopra Il Vero Modo Di Sonar Organi, & Istromenti da penna (1593); Adriano Banchieri's Conclusioni nel Suono dell'Organo (1609); Costanzo Antegnati's L'Arte Organica (1608); and the prefaces to Girolamo Frescobaldi's publications Toccate e Partite d'Intavolature di Cembalo, Libro Primo (first version 1615; second version 1615, 1616, 1628; and third version 1637), and Fiori Musicali (1635). These sources provide information on most aspects of keyboard—and specifically organ—playing in the decades leading up to, and at the time of, the initial publication of Rossi's toccatas: including the toccata as genre, Italian organs from the late-Renaissance/early-Baroque, registration, tempo, pedaling, fingering, articulation, and ornamentation. In addition to the performance perspectives, this dissertation also provides a new modern edition of the ten toccatas by Michelangelo Rossi. This edition is based on the 1657 Bologna facsimile. The goal of this edition is two-fold. First to present an accurate text of the facsimile and second to adjust certain beam-groupings, spacing on the staves, and the use of accidentals in a more modern sense.
148

Mail Order Music: the Hinners Organ Company in the Dakotas, 1879-1936

Alcorn-Oppedahl, Allison A. (Allison Ann) 08 1900 (has links)
Founded in 1879 by John L. Hinners, the Hinners Organ Company developed a number of stock models of small mechanical-action instruments that were advertised throughout the Midwest. Operating without outside salesmen, the company was one of the first to conduct all of its affairs by mail, including the financial arrangements, selection of the basic design, and custom alterations where required. Buyers first met a company representative when he arrived by train to set up the crated instrument that had been shipped ahead of him. Tracker organs with hand-operated bellows were easily repaired by local craftsmen, and were suited to an area that, for the most part, lacked electricity. In all, the company constructed nearly three thousand pipe organs during its sixty years of operation. Rapid decline of the firm began in the decade prior to 1936 during which the company sold fewer than one hundred instruments, and closed in that year when John's son Arthur found himself without sufficient financial resources to weather the lengthy depression. The studies of the original-condition Hinners organs in the Dakotas include extensive photographs and measurements, and provide an excellent cross section of the smaller instruments produced by the company. They are loud, excellently crafted, functionally attractive, tonally typical of the early twentieth-century American Romantic organ, and utilize designs and materials typical of this era. Only recently has it been acknowledged that these Hinners organs represent a "meat and potatoes" class of instrument, as it were, an honest meal without the pretense of delicate appetizers, vintage wine, and gourmet dessert. In this way the company offered churches a serviceable and respectable musical alternative to grandeur, and was able to fulfill the needs and meet the budget of a small congregation without the expense of a custom instrument.
149

Experimental Investigations of Bassoon Acoustics / Experimentelle Untersuchung der Akustik des Fagotts

Grothe, Timo 19 August 2014 (has links) (PDF)
The bassoon is a conical woodwind instrument blown with a double-reed mouthpiece. The sound is generated by the periodic oscillation of the mouthpiece which excites the air column. The fundamental frequency of this oscillation is determined to a large extent by the resonances of the air column. These can be varied by opening or closing tone-holes. For any given tone hole setting a fine-tuning in pitch is necessary during playing. Musicians adjust the slit opening of the double-reed by pressing their lips against the opposing reed blades. These so-called embouchure corrections are required to tune the pitch, loudness and sound color of single notes. They may be tedious, especially if successive notes require inverse corrections. However, such corrections are essential: Due to the very high frequency sensitivity of the human ear playing in tune is the paramount requirement when playing music. This implies, that embouchure actions provide an important insight into a subjective quality assessment of reed wind instruments from the viewpoint of the musician: An instrument requiring only small corrections will be comfortable to play. Theoretical investigations of the whole system of resonator, reed, and musician by use of a physical model nowadays still seem insufficient with respect to the required precision. Therefore the path of well-described artificial mouth measurements has been chosen here. For the separate treatment of the resonator and the double-reed, existing classical models have been used. Modifications to these models are suggested and verified experimentally. The influence of the musician is incorporated by the lip force-dependent initial reed slit height. For this investigation a measurement setup has been built that allows precise adjustment of lip force during playing. With measurements of the artificial mouth parameters blowing pressure, mouthpiece pressure, volume-flow rate and axial lip position on reed, the experiment is fully described for a given resonator setting represented by an input impedance curve. By use of the suggested empirical model the adjustment parameters can be turned into model parameters. A large data set from blowing experiments covering the full tonal and dynamical range on five modern German bassoons of different make is given and interpreted. The experimental data presented with this work can be a basis for extending the knowledge and understanding of the interaction of instrument, mouthpiece and player. On the one hand, they provide an objective insight into tuning aspects of the studied bassoons. On the other hand the experiments define working points of the coupled system by means of quasi-static model parameters. These may be useful to validate dynamical physical models in further studies. The experimental data provide an important prerequisite for scientific proposals of optimizations of the bassoon and other reed wind instruments. It can further serve as a fundament for the interdisciplinary communication between musicians, musical instrument makers and scientists.
150

Methods and technologies for the analysis and interactive use of body movements in instrumental music performance

Visi, Federico January 2017 (has links)
A constantly growing corpus of interdisciplinary studies support the idea that music is a complex multimodal medium that is experienced not only by means of sounds but also through body movement. From this perspective, musical instruments can be seen as technological objects coupled with a repertoire of performance gestures. This repertoire is part of an ecological knowledge shared by musicians and listeners alike. It is part of the engine that guides musical experience and has a considerable expressive potential. This thesis explores technical and conceptual issues related to the analysis and creative use of music-related body movements in instrumental music performance. The complexity of this subject required an interdisciplinary approach, which includes the review of multiple theoretical accounts, quantitative and qualitative analysis of data collected in motion capture laboratories, the development and implementation of technologies for the interpretation and interactive use of motion data, and the creation of short musical pieces that actively employ the movement of the performers as an expressive musical feature. The theoretical framework is informed by embodied and enactive accounts of music cognition as well as by systematic studies of music-related movement and expressive music performance. The assumption that the movements of a musician are part of a shared knowledge is empirically explored through an experiment aimed at analysing the motion capture data of a violinist performing a selection of short musical excerpts. A group of subjects with no prior experience playing the violin is then asked to mime a performance following the audio excerpts recorded by the violinist. Motion data is recorded, analysed, and compared with the expert’s data. This is done both quantitatively through data analysis xii as well as qualitatively by relating the motion data to other high-level features and structures of the musical excerpts. Solutions to issues regarding capturing and storing movement data and its use in real-time scenarios are proposed. For the interactive use of motion-sensing technologies in music performance, various wearable sensors have been employed, along with different approaches for mapping control data to sound synthesis and signal processing parameters. In particular, novel approaches for the extraction of meaningful features from raw sensor data and the use of machine learning techniques for mapping movement to live electronics are described. To complete the framework, an essential element of this research project is the com- position and performance of études that explore the creative use of body movement in instrumental music from a Practice-as-Research perspective. This works as a test bed for the proposed concepts and techniques. Mapping concepts and technologies are challenged in a scenario constrained by the use of musical instruments, and different mapping ap- proaches are implemented and compared. In addition, techniques for notating movement in the score, and the impact of interactive motion sensor systems in instrumental music practice from the performer’s perspective are discussed. Finally, the chapter concluding the part of the thesis dedicated to practical implementations describes a novel method for mapping movement data to sound synthesis. This technique is based on the analysis of multimodal motion data collected from multiple subjects and its design draws from the theoretical, analytical, and practical works described throughout the dissertation. Overall, the parts and the diverse approaches that constitute this thesis work in synergy, contributing to the ongoing discourses on the study of musical gestures and the design of interactive music systems from multiple angles.

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