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<p>This paper presents why and how teachers use newspaper articles in the classroom when they educate their pupils in chemistry, biology and nature science. All the teachers have worked over 20 years and are, when interviewed, at a Swedish gymnasium in Dalarna. I also have, in a small study, interviewed some of their pupils to get their view about teachers using news paper articles during lessons.</p><p>The teacher’s use of newspaper articles in the classroom can be divided in different ways. They can use the articles to illustrate up to date links to everyday life. Some teachers’ uses articles by letting the pupils read the articles and answer questions about them. Or the newspaper articles can function as background material when the pupils do a project work covering a number of lessons. The major part of the teachers thinks that the main reason why they use articles from newspapers is to get up to date information concerning the course that are covered.</p><p>The results show that the teachers in Dalarna use their newspaper articles in the same way as shown in international studies. For example they used the newspaper articles to start a lesson or a new topic. Or they used the article to have an example on the subject they teach. But a number of differences can also be observed between this study and other international ones, for example the main reason why the articles are presented to the pupils and how the articles are used over time.</p>

The purpose of the study is, through literature and interview studies, to analyze and draw attention to critical mindedness regarding news features in a multilateral way. In the interview 16 participants got to see three SVT news features with lack of criticism. Great importance was given to the spontaneous reasoning of the participant. The study is explorative and has given a number of hypotheses and ideas for further research concerning the subject. Among other things the study shows that previous beliefs affect the critical mindedness of the individual, that individuals have the ability to think critically if reminded and that the trust of the source and medium affects the critical mindedness of the individual.

This thesis consists of five self-contained papers, which are all related to the financial markets in the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.  Paper [I] studies the impact of news from the Moscow and New York stock exchanges on the returns and volatilities of the Baltic States' stock market indices using a time series model that accounts for asymmetries in the conditional mean and variance functions. We find that news from New York has stronger e¤ects on returns in Tallinn. High-risk shocks in New York have a stronger impact on volatility in Tallinn, whereas volatility in Vilnius is more in.uenced by high-risk shocks from Moscow. Riga does not seem to be affected by news arriving from abroad. Paper [II] suggests a nonlinear and multivariate time series model framework that enables the study of simultaneity in returns and in volatilities, as well as asymmetric effects arising from shocks and exogenous variables. The model is employed to study the three Baltic States' stock exchanges. Using daily data, we find recursive structures, with returns in Riga, directly depending on returns in Tallinn and Vilnius, and Tallinn on Vilnius. For volatilities, both Riga and Vilnius depend on Tallinn. Paper [III] studies the link between political news, and the returns and volatilities in the Baltic States' stock markets. We find that domestic and foreign non-Russian political news led, on average, to lower uncertainty in the stock markets of Riga and Tallinn in 2001-2003. At the same time, political risk from Russia increased the volatility of the stock market in Tallinn. There is a weak relationship between political risk and the stock market volatility in the Baltic countries in 2004-2007. Paper [IV] studies the impact of market jumps on the time varying return correlations between stock market indices in the Baltic countries. An EARJI-EGARCH model facilitating direct modeling of the time varying return correlations is introduced. The empirical results indicate that there are quite a large number of identified jumps in the emerging Baltic States' stock markets. Isolated market jumps in one of the markets generally have no or small e¤ects on the time-varying correlations. In contrast, simultaneous jumps of equal sign increase the average correlation, in some cases by as much as 100 percent. In Paper [V] the hypothesis that financial development promotes economic growth is tested for the three Baltic countries using a time series approach that allows for interactions between the countries. We find that economic growth is a positive function of financial development, proxied by the amount of bank credit to the private sector, in the long run. The results also show that there is long run interaction between the three Baltic countries.

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This thesis provides a biographical case study of the crisis faced by News of the World, after revelations of unethical journalistic practices within the newspaper. A scandal that rapidly moved up the organizational hierarchy and spread globally, affecting stakeholders amongst all its networks from local British communities to its parent company News Corporation and its main owners, the Murdoch family. Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder management is presented as a key factor in order to uphold and obtain the society’s permission to operate. The study shows the importance of being a good corporate citizen, not solely as goodwill but in order to gain a parachute that can moderate the fall when facing a crisis.

This thesis sought to understand how specific print media and wire news services in Georgia framed the Georgia General Assembly’s response to terrorism after September 11, 2001. The study concluded that the most detailed coverage came from the Morris News Service, a wire service subscribed to by statewide newspapers, followed by the Associated Press state newswire, then The Atlanta-Journal Constitution and The Macon Telegraph. In general, the media in this study chose to cover security bills in terms of "issues," as opposed to the "game frame" or the "leadership frame." While "patriotism" and "security" also emerged as frames, they were more likely to be in quotations from lawmakers or other elites. Surprisingly, only two citizens were quoted in the 39 articles in this study, despite the fact that several controversial bills were among the 21 considered by the Georgia legislature in the 2002 session.

English title: Julia and the elite. A study of how the Internet hatred developed into a media avalanche. Introduction: During February 2013 Swedish media flooded with news of online hate directed towards women after an episode of Uppdrag Granskning on SVT (2013). Female media profiles were given the opportunity to tell the entire Swedish population about the hate and threats they had been exposed to online. In this thesis we want to investigate what topics end up on the media´s agenda, how a piece of news is developed and framed. Questions: How does a piece of news considered highly newsworthy develop from when it first appears in the media until it gradually disappears? How and why did Internet hatred end up on the media´s agenda? How does the media framed the Internet hatred? Theory: To be able to answer the questions formulated in this thesis, the following theories have been used: Agenda-Setting theory, framing theory, news valuation and media logic.  Method: Quantitative content analysis of news broadcasts and debate shows from TV, radio and newspapers. Additionally a qualitative content analysis by support of a rhetorical and semiotic analysis of two debate articles and one TV feature. Result: The online hate debate was to be divided into two main debates concerning how to handle online hate in terms of the law and men who hate women in the public sphere. The majority of those who participate in the online hate debate belong to some form of either media, political, legal or academic elite. More than halv of those who fight for the online hate-cause belong to the media elite. Julia, who participate in Uppdrag Granskning on SVT, is one of the most prominent citizens who campaign for the cause.  Conclusion: The most important conclusion in this thesis is that the Internet hatred predominantly centred on Julia and the different elite groups. The media elite was both the victim and the fiercest campaigner for the cause. Even though online hate was described as a general problem in society, it was primarily framed as a problem for the media elite. An event will be considered highly newsworthy and will end up on the media´s agenda if it is, among others, unexpected, sensational and somehow focused on an elite group. A news story is more likely to turn into a media avalanche if it raises interest and engages a large audience, as it leads to an increased demand for more articles in the news reporting.