<p>When the Internet was established in the early 1990`s the daily press got a new market to act on. Contacts with readers was strengthened through the internet and as the years went by interactivity became increasingly important – both for editorial and audience. One of the most common and most accessible forms of interaction is polls. This paper has examined within what contexts the newspapers are using polls – in other words in what values of news criteria’s do the articles connected to a vote belong to. The premise of this thesis has been the existence of interaction of newspapers and the valuation of news. The study has taken the form of a quantitative content analysis in which three types of newspapers, evening newspaper, morning paper and provincial press, have been studied on the web for one week. The study showed that the articles that the newspapers created polls about deal with the criteria nearness and celebrities. The result can also be summarized as a process in which an event first goes through the process of news valuation. If it then includes aspects of nearness, celebrities or politics and is designed as a topic of opinion, the probability is that it most likely includes a poll. This process can be known as the valutation of polls which is different from the valuation of news. Another important conclusion of the paper was that the evening newspapers use polls more frequently than other newspapers.</p> / <p>När Internet etablerades i början av 1990-talet fick dagspressen en ny marknad att agera på. Kontakten med läsarna stärktes och genom åren har interaktivitet blivit allt viktigare – både för redaktion och för publik. En av de vanligaste och mest lättillgängliga interaktionsformerna är omröstningar. Denna uppsats har undersökt inom vilka sammanhang som dagspressen använder sig av omröstningar – det vill säga vilka nyhetsvärderingskriterier som de anslutande artiklarna till en omröstning faller inom. Utgångspunkterna för uppsatsen har varit interaktionens existens hos dagspressen samt nyhetsvärdering. Undersökningen har skett i form av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där tre olika typer av dagstidningar, kvälls-, morgon och landsortspress, har studerats på Internet under en vecka. Studien visade att de artiklar som dagspressen främst skapar omröstningar kring behandlar kriterierna närhet och kändisar. Resultatet kan också sammanfattas som en process där en händelse först går igenom nyhetsvärderingen. Om det sedan innefattar aspekterna närhet, kändisar eller politik och är utformat som ett åsiktsämne är sannolikheten störst att det också finns en anslutande omröstning. Denna konstaterade process benämns som omröstningsvärdering vilket skiljer sig från vanlig nyhetsvärdering. En annan viktig slutsats utifrån uppsatsen är att kvällstidningar är flitigare användare av omröstningar än morgonpress och landsortspress.</p>

English title: Julia and the elite. A study of how the Internet hatred developed into a media avalanche. Introduction: During February 2013 Swedish media flooded with news of online hate directed towards women after an episode of Uppdrag Granskning on SVT (2013). Female media profiles were given the opportunity to tell the entire Swedish population about the hate and threats they had been exposed to online. In this thesis we want to investigate what topics end up on the media´s agenda, how a piece of news is developed and framed. Questions: How does a piece of news considered highly newsworthy develop from when it first appears in the media until it gradually disappears? How and why did Internet hatred end up on the media´s agenda? How does the media framed the Internet hatred? Theory: To be able to answer the questions formulated in this thesis, the following theories have been used: Agenda-Setting theory, framing theory, news valuation and media logic.  Method: Quantitative content analysis of news broadcasts and debate shows from TV, radio and newspapers. Additionally a qualitative content analysis by support of a rhetorical and semiotic analysis of two debate articles and one TV feature. Result: The online hate debate was to be divided into two main debates concerning how to handle online hate in terms of the law and men who hate women in the public sphere. The majority of those who participate in the online hate debate belong to some form of either media, political, legal or academic elite. More than halv of those who fight for the online hate-cause belong to the media elite. Julia, who participate in Uppdrag Granskning on SVT, is one of the most prominent citizens who campaign for the cause.  Conclusion: The most important conclusion in this thesis is that the Internet hatred predominantly centred on Julia and the different elite groups. The media elite was both the victim and the fiercest campaigner for the cause. Even though online hate was described as a general problem in society, it was primarily framed as a problem for the media elite. An event will be considered highly newsworthy and will end up on the media´s agenda if it is, among others, unexpected, sensational and somehow focused on an elite group. A news story is more likely to turn into a media avalanche if it raises interest and engages a large audience, as it leads to an increased demand for more articles in the news reporting.

When the Internet was established in the early 1990`s the daily press got a new market to act on. Contacts with readers was strengthened through the internet and as the years went by interactivity became increasingly important – both for editorial and audience. One of the most common and most accessible forms of interaction is polls. This paper has examined within what contexts the newspapers are using polls – in other words in what values of news criteria’s do the articles connected to a vote belong to. The premise of this thesis has been the existence of interaction of newspapers and the valuation of news. The study has taken the form of a quantitative content analysis in which three types of newspapers, evening newspaper, morning paper and provincial press, have been studied on the web for one week. The study showed that the articles that the newspapers created polls about deal with the criteria nearness and celebrities. The result can also be summarized as a process in which an event first goes through the process of news valuation. If it then includes aspects of nearness, celebrities or politics and is designed as a topic of opinion, the probability is that it most likely includes a poll. This process can be known as the valutation of polls which is different from the valuation of news. Another important conclusion of the paper was that the evening newspapers use polls more frequently than other newspapers. / När Internet etablerades i början av 1990-talet fick dagspressen en ny marknad att agera på. Kontakten med läsarna stärktes och genom åren har interaktivitet blivit allt viktigare – både för redaktion och för publik. En av de vanligaste och mest lättillgängliga interaktionsformerna är omröstningar. Denna uppsats har undersökt inom vilka sammanhang som dagspressen använder sig av omröstningar – det vill säga vilka nyhetsvärderingskriterier som de anslutande artiklarna till en omröstning faller inom. Utgångspunkterna för uppsatsen har varit interaktionens existens hos dagspressen samt nyhetsvärdering. Undersökningen har skett i form av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där tre olika typer av dagstidningar, kvälls-, morgon och landsortspress, har studerats på Internet under en vecka. Studien visade att de artiklar som dagspressen främst skapar omröstningar kring behandlar kriterierna närhet och kändisar. Resultatet kan också sammanfattas som en process där en händelse först går igenom nyhetsvärderingen. Om det sedan innefattar aspekterna närhet, kändisar eller politik och är utformat som ett åsiktsämne är sannolikheten störst att det också finns en anslutande omröstning. Denna konstaterade process benämns som omröstningsvärdering vilket skiljer sig från vanlig nyhetsvärdering. En annan viktig slutsats utifrån uppsatsen är att kvällstidningar är flitigare användare av omröstningar än morgonpress och landsortspress.

The aim of this thesis is to study how students perceive and handle internet’s continuous flow of information in everyday life, through news report, social media and targeted advertising. By examining the students attitudes and thoughts about the extent to which they find the information they meet relevant this study seeks to understand how they find what is relevant to them and how they limit the intake of information by different combinations of selection processes. For this purpose interviews were carried out with seven university students from different fields and levels. Three categories of theories about selection processes serves as a theoretical framework for the analysis and results. The categories are referred to as external, personalized and personal factors. The external factors include gatekeeping theory, news valuation and agenda theory and the personalized factors include theories about filter bubbles and echo chambers. The personal factors include strategies to avoid information overload such as filtering and withdrawing, it also includes satisficing as a stop rule for information seeking.  The study shows that the three categories of selection processes are affected by emotional factors referred to as simplicity, interest and sensation. These drives the student to get more deeply informed. The students attitudes towards personalized information shows to be divided between if it should be more firmly adapted to each individual, or if that would increase the feeling of being monitored. In the students reflections regarding saved information emerges three feelings of negativity described as reluctance, lack of control and unease. Despite these feelings of negativity the phenomenon is accepted. Seeing that the alternative is disconnecting from modern society and life, acceptance shows to be the most reasonable alternative.

The aim of this bachelors thesis has been to examine and analyse the framing used when reporting about Boris Johnson in context with Brexit in both Swedish and British media coverage. The research questions examined in this study were: In what way is Boris Johnson framed in British and Swedish media coverage surrounding Brexit in his first three weeks as prime minister? What could explain the possible differences that occurs between the Swedish and British media coverage? I have in combination with a qualitative text analysis as well as framing theory and news valuation theory analysed material from four major news papers. Two news papers from Sweden, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. As well as two from Great Britain, The Guardian UK and The Sun UK. One of each county’s news paper focuses on qualitative and objective journalism and one from each country which can be regarded as a tabloid, evening paper, from these four news papers a total of 12 articles, three from each paper was selected. To arrive at my conclusion every article was analysed trough what frame, conflict, personification or elite person, Boris Johnson was portrayed as well as if the frames felt clear, subtle or well as if any frame could not be found in the text. Through the analysis I found the result to be that every article had personified Boris Johnson with Brexit, even if the article did not directly have a focus on the Brexit conflict. The personification is a constant backgrung trough every individual article. Secondly I found that the frames through which the newspapers portrayed conflict differed, depending from which country the news paper reported from. The Swedish news papers portrayed conflict through a broader perspective, having a stronger focus on Brexit as a concept whilst the British newspaper framed conflict in a much more detailed way. Focusing on more detailed topics with higher interest for the british population.