Au début du XVIe siècle la ville de Montpellier était encore médiévale. Les murailles, "commune clôture", étaient le symbole de son pouvoir, de sa justice; mais elles étaient aussi l'objet de lourdes charges financières.Dans cette ville de Montpellier différents groupes se côtoyaient. Les uns, la noblesse ancienne et rurale, avaient perdu de l'influence au sein du consulat. Les autres, les petits nobles de robe, issus de la bourgeoisie marchande, progressaient. Ils connurent un fort essor avec la création de la cour des Aides, en 1467, et avec la création de la chambre des Comptes, en 1523. Ils accaparèrent les charges de premier consul, rachetèrent les droits de justice au clergé, aux seigneurs locaux, et finalement, dirigèrent la ville. / At the begining of the 16th century, the town was still medieval, the walls, "common fences", were the symbol of its power, of its justice, but they were also the object of heavy financial charges.In the town of Montpellier, different groups were mixing. Some of them, old rural nobility, had lost influence in the consulship. The others, small nobility from the petty merchant vourgeoisie, were increasing. The knew a strong rise with the creation of the court of Aides in 1467 and with the creation of the house of Accounts in 1523. They withheld the charges of first consul, bought the right of justice from the clergy and the local lords, and finally ruled the town.

The main topic of the thesis is to capture the fundamental problems of Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099-1187. The first part briefly outlines the political, religious and social situation in the period preceding the establishment of the Latin states in Palestine. It is also concerned about First crusade and the conquest of Jerusalem, by which is finished. The second chapter is focused on the origin of the Kingdom, on its growth, on internal and external problems, on the relationship with Muslim neighbors, with European Crusaders and with the Byzantine empire. It is also presenting the image of the people which formed this period. The chapter ends with the fatal battle of Hattin, which finished the first phase of the existence of Christian states in Palestine. The third chapter deals with realities of the Kingdom, its extent, society, trade and with life of the people from Holy Land. It also deals with relationship between the king and the nobility. Keywords kingdom; the nobility; Crusades; Jerusalem; Byzantine Empire; church, Muslims

In the “Introduction” (1–20) Johnston identifies three “simultaneous developments” which the book should bring together: for one, the “gentry […] emerging into a distinct and quite numerous stratum within the aristocracy”; secondly, the “[r]omance adapt[ing] to this change, opening up a new ideological space for this new class of readers”; and, finally, “book production” – in particular: copying by booklets and the increasing use of paper – “conveniently facilitating provincial copying and circulation of provincially oriented texts”. These three developments, says Johnston, “coalesced to yield a new type of romance” which he dubs gentry romance (14). His aim is to show that the gentry had an active part in the late history of English romance as some of its members – literally – appropriated (specimens of) this genre “most closely related with the aristocracy” (15).

(in English): The aim of this dissertation is arranging of the library fund of zámecká knihovna Mladá Vožice. The main purpose of this paper is to define this fund with respect to the provenience and its content. Contemporary conditions of the library are outlined in the Introduction. In the following chapters the history of the castle as well as the history of the noble families involved in establishing of this collection is being described. The main emphasis lays on the family of the collections founders -the family of Küenburg. Fourth chapter describes history of the library on the basis of provenance research. In accordance with this is the identification of the books owners from Küenberg, Spiegefeld and Schönfeld family. In the same manner different families and persons with no direct lineage to Küenbergs are characterized. At the same time this part of the work engages the characteristics of the fund in respect to particular members and partially also including the content characteristics, which are being elaborated properly by means of thematic groups in the following chapter. The information about arrangement of the fund are mentioned on the basis of the archive material and sources. Conclusion is made as a summary of the work, including the overview of its aims and achieved results.

The essay examines whether Ebba Mörner's ownership of the estate Thorönsborg reflected an effort to modernize the forms of operation and organization, or whether her management was an expression of social downgrade of Swedish nobility. The topic of this essay is modernization and gender in context of an early, 20th century manorial economy. The investigation highlights the role and entrepreneurship of Ebba Mörner in contrast to the female expecations of her time.  The essay also aims to investigate whether Ebba Mörner was representative of the expectations of the time, or whether she broke the norms for women's and men's work - especially when it comes to entrepreneurship. Using mainly a micro-historical perspective the study draws on the unpublished estate records of Thorönsborg. Theoretically, the essay is based on Yvonne Hirdman's gender theory; focusing on the concepts of gender systems and gender contracts. The essay’s purpose is mainly to contribute to the relatively sparse research on womens’ property ownership and entrepreneurship during the early Swedish 20th century.  Ebba Mörner sometimes norm-breaking character, her diligence and financial mind shines through in the investigation. From the moment when she made Thorönsborg her home until her passing, Mörner successfully devotes herself to progressively investing and managing the estate. Yet Mörner also devotes herself to maintaining the gender contract of the time. Mörner was both behind and ahead of her time. Both living a part of her life during the noble glory days of the 19th century with conservative ideals, and also living in a century of budding democracy and women's liberation. / I uppsatsen undersöks huruvida Ebba Mörners tid som ägarinna av godset Thorönsborg speglade en strävan att modernisera gårdens driftsformer och organisation, eller om hennes förvaltarskap snarare var ett uttryck för social deklassering av svensk adel. I uppsatsen har även undersökts huruvida Ebba Mörner var representativ för tidens förväntningar, eller om hon bröt mot rådande normer för kvinnors respektive mäns sysselsättning – särskilt när det gäller företagande. Undersökningen har huvudsakligen genomförts genom mikrohistoriska studier av otryckt källmaterial från Thorönsborgs gårdsarkiv.  Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är hämtad från Yvonne Hirdmans genusteori med fokus på begreppen genussystem och genuskontrakt. Syftet är att bidra till den relativt sparsamma forskningen om kvinnligt godsägande och företagande under tidigt svenskt 1900-tal. I undersökningen framträder Ebba Mörners stundtals normbrytande karaktär, hennes driftighet och ekonomiska sinne. Från tiden hon gör Thorönsborg till sin huvudbostad till sin död, ägnar Mörner sig framgångsrikt åt att progressivt investera och förvalta sitt gods. Mörner ägnar sig också till att upprätthålla tidens genuskontrakt, bland annat genom sitt sociala engagemang. Mörner var samtidigt före och efter sin tid. Med ena benet i 1800-talets adliga storhetstid med konservativa ideal, och andra benet i ett århundrande med knoppande demokrati och kvinnlig frigörelse.

This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the relations between the town of Cheb and Bohemian nobility in the late Middle Ages (from the second half of the 14th century to the beginning of the 16th century) with special interest in the period of the Hussite wars and the reign of King George of Podebrady. The thesis looks at these relations on two levels - conflicts (wars and courts) and non-violent (commerce, mutual assistance, information sharing) and tries to characterise and compare these phenomena. The thesis includes the case studies focusing on the question of the possibility of mutual interaction between examined subjects. It also focuses on particular noble families characterised by their transition from Cheb to Bohemia or otherwise.

В магистерской диссертации исследуются представления о праве в дворянской среде в первой трети XVIII века. Рассматривается государственная политика по формированию правовых представлений дворянства, государственная правовая идеология, законодательное формирование правовых представлений дворянства. Изучается проявление дворянских правовых представлений на практике. / In magister dissertation explore notions about law in nobility in the first third of XVIII century. Consider state politics for form legal notions in nobility, state legal ideology, legislative form legal notions in nobility. Explore manifestation noble legal notions in practice.

That kings throughout the entire Middle Ages used the marriages of themselves and their children to further their political agendas has never been in question. What this thesis examines is the significance these marriage alliances truly had to domestic and foreign politics in England from the accession of Henry II in 1154 until the death of his grandson Henry III in 1272. Chronicle and record sources shed valuable light upon the various aspects of royal marriage at this time: firstly, they show that the marriages of the royal family at this time were geographically diverse, ranging from Scotland and England to as far abroad as the Empire, Spain, and Sicily, Most of these marriages were based around one primary principle, that being control over Angevin land-holdings on the continent. Further examination of the ages at which children were married demonstrates a practicality to the policy, in that often at least the bride was young, certainly young enough to bear children and assimilate into whatever land she may travel to. Sons were also married to secure their future, either as heir to the throne or the husband of a wealthy heiress. Henry II and his sons were almost always closely involved in the negotiations for the marriages, and were often the initiators of marriage alliances, showing a strong interest in the promotion of marriage as a political tool. Dowries were often the centre of alliances, demonstrating how much the bride, or the alliance, was worth, in land, money, or a combination of the two. One of the most important aspects for consideration though, was the outcome of the alliances. Though a number were never confirmed, and most royal children had at least one broken proposal or betrothal before their marriage, many of the marriages made were indeed successful in terms of gaining from the alliance what had originally been desired.

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