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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ecologia e comportamento do bugio vermelho (Alouatta puruensis) em um fragmento florestal em Rolim de Moura, Rond?nia

Quintino, Erika Patr?cia 04 March 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-07T11:57:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468067 - Texto Completo.pdf: 5104777 bytes, checksum: bf581acfd4cb9387d1a58d0c243883bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T11:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468067 - Texto Completo.pdf: 5104777 bytes, checksum: bf581acfd4cb9387d1a58d0c243883bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Forest loss and fragmentation affect habitat quality for arboreal species. Among New World monkeys, howlers (Alouatta spp.) stand out for their ability to survive in fragmented and human-altered forests. This dissertation reports the results of the first study on the ecology and behavior of the Pur?s red howler monkey (Alouatta puruensis). A social group composed of seven individuals (an adult male, three adult females, a subadult male, a juvenile male, and an infant male) was observed from dawn to dusk during six 15-day periods (=90 days of sampling effort or 1,044 hours of observation) from April to October 2013 in a 2,2-ha forest fragment in Rolim de Moura, state of Rond?nia, Brazil. The behavior of the study subjects was recorded using the instantaneous scan sampling method. The study group spent most of the day resting (69% of records), followed by moving (17%) and feeding (12%), and fed on a predominantly folivorous diet (61% of feeding records) that was complemented with flowers (23%) and fruits (15%) belonging to, at least, 36 species. The group ranged over the entire area of the fragment and traveled between 257 and 860 m each day. Quadrupedal walking was by far the most common locomotor mode (97% of records) and sitting was the most common feeding (53%) and resting (57%) posture. The type of food influenced the use of feeding postures. The howlers also adopted a thermoregulatory behavior during resting, increasing the use of heat dissipating postures and the selection of shady places with increasing ambient temperatures. This research also produced the first report of a predation event of a howler monkey by a snake (boa Boa constrictor). In sum, Pur?s red howler monkeys (A. puruensis) show a behavioral pattern characteristic of the genus. / A perda e a fragmenta??o das florestas alteram a qualidade do habitat para as esp?cies arbor?colas. Dentre os primatas do Novo Mundo, os bugios (Alouatta spp.) destacam-se por apresentar uma grande capacidade de sobreviver em ambientes fragmentados e alterados pelo homem. Este trabalho relata os resultados do primeiro estudo sobre a ecologia e o comportamento do bugio-vermelho-do-Pur?s (Alouatta puruensis). Um grupo social composto por sete indiv?duos (um macho adulto, tr?s f?meas adultas, um macho subadulto, um macho jovem e um macho infante) foi observado do amanhecer ao p?r-do-sol durante seis per?odos de 15 dias (=90 dias de esfor?o amostral ou 1.044 horas de observa??o) de abril a outubro de 2013 em um fragmento florestal com 2,2 ha em Rolim de Moura, Rond?nia, Brasil. O comportamento dos animais foi registrado pelo m?todo de varredura instant?nea. O grupo de estudo alocou a maior parte do dia em descanso (69% dos registros), seguido por locomo??o (17%) e alimenta??o (12%), e utilizou uma dieta predominantemente fol?vora (61% dos registros de alimenta??o) complementada com flores (23%) e frutos (15%) de, pelo menos, 36 esp?cies. O grupo utilizou todo o fragmento como ?rea de vida e o percurso di?rio variou de 257 a 860 m. A caminhada quadr?pede foi o principal tipo de locomo??o (97% dos registros) e a postura sentado foi a mais utilizada durante a alimenta??o (53%) e o descanso (57%). A postura de alimenta??o foi influenciada pelo tipo de alimento explorado. Os bugios apresentaram um comportamento de termorregula??o durante o descanso, aumentando o uso de posturas dissipadoras de calor e a sele??o de locais ? sombra com o aumento da temperatura ambiente. Por fim, esta pesquisa produziu o primeiro relato de preda??o de um bugio por uma serpente (jiboia Boa constrictor). Em suma, o bugio-vermelho-do-Pur?s (A. puruensis) apresenta um padr?o comportamental caracter?stico do g?nero.
2

Composi??o da dieta e intensidade de infec??o parasit?ria em bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) : buscando evid?ncias de automedica??o

Jesus, Anam?lia de Souza 27 February 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 449500.pdf: 1456990 bytes, checksum: 6972fa69438f18a4272aab03ea41cffe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / The amount of studies reporting the potential medicinal benefits of the ingestion of certain resources by non-human primates has increased in the last decades. However, most of them have focused on Old World primates and only recently some authors have proposed that howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) may benefit from the natural pharmacopoeia present in their diets. This research aimed to study the activity pattern and diet composition of a group of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabiting the Casa Branca Farm, Alegrete, RS, and their relationship with the individual intensity of parasitic infection (measured by the release of parasites in feces).The behavior (1200 hours of observation), including the ingestion of potentially medicinal plants, and the presence of parasites in individual daily fecal samples (N=534) were monitored during 15 consecutive days per month from February to July 2012. Only eggs and proglotydes of a cestode parasite, identified as Bertiella sp., were found in the fecal samples (prevalence=51%). Considering the assumptions of animal self-medication, no relationship between the ingestion of any food item and the release of eggs and proglotydes in the feces was found.The high density of potentially medicinal plants at the site and their high contribution to the diet of the study group, together with the identification of a single parasite species in the population, allows to hypothesize that the howler monkeys might be, even if unintentionally, enjoying the benefits of a prophylactic effect against other parasites. The economic, social and human health potential arising from the discovery of new drugs for human and/or domestic animal use originating from studies on Neotropical primate self-medication would have important positive implications for the valuing of the monkeys and their habitats. / O volume de estudos relatando os potenciais benef?cios medicinais do consumo de determinados recursos por primatas n?o-humanos tem aumentado nas ?ltimas d?cadas. Contudo, a grande maioria destes estudos ? restrita aos primatas do Velho Mundo. Apenas recentemente alguns autores t?m proposto que os bugios (Alouatta spp.) podem ser beneficiados pela farmacopeia natural presente em suas dietas. Esta pesquisa visou estudar o padr?o de atividades e a composi??o da dieta de um grupo de bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) habitante da Est?ncia Casa Branca, Alegrete, RS, e sua rela??o com a intensidade de infec??o parasit?ria (medida pela libera??o de parasitos nas fezes) dos indiv?duos.O comportamento (1200 horas de observa??o), incluindo a ingest?o de plantas potencialmente medicinais, e a presen?a de parasitos em amostras fecais individuais di?rias (N=534), foram monitorados durante 15 dias consecutivos por m?s no per?odo de fevereiro a julho de 2012. Ovos e progl?tides de apenas um cest?ide (identificado como Bertiella sp.) foram encontrados nas amostras fecais (preval?ncia=51%). Considerando as premissas da automedica??o animal, n?o foram encontradas evid?ncias de rela??o entre o consumo de qualquer item alimentar e a libera??o de ovos ou progl?dites nas fezes.A alta densidade de plantas com potencial medicinal na ?rea e sua grande contribui??o para a dieta do grupo de estudo, aliadas ? identifica??o de apenas uma esp?cie de parasito na popula??o, permite levantar a hip?tese de que os bugios-pretos podem estar se beneficiando, mesmo que involuntariamente, de um efeito profil?tico contra outras esp?cies de parasitos. O potencial econ?mico, social e de sa?de p?blica oriundo da poss?vel descoberta de novos f?rmacos para uso humano e/ou veterin?rio a partir de estudos da automedica??o por primatas neotropicais teria importantes implica??es positivas para a valoriza??o dos pr?prios macacos e seus habitats.
3

Conte?do gastrointestinal de petr?is (Aves: Procellariiformes) no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil : an?lise dos itens alimentares e res?duos polim?ricos / Stomach contents of petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes) beached in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil : analysis of prey and polymeric items

Perez, Martin Sucunza 04 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-06-15T18:52:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARTIN_SUCUNZA_PEREZ_COMPLETO.pdf: 614950 bytes, checksum: ef49a2ea5945a3bb0f5261cfc46b91f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T18:52:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARTIN_SUCUNZA_PEREZ_COMPLETO.pdf: 614950 bytes, checksum: ef49a2ea5945a3bb0f5261cfc46b91f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The albatrosses and petrels of the order Procellariiformes play an important role as top predators in marine food webs as they are widespread and usually abundant. In order to analyze the digestive tracts of petrels we conduct beach surveys (n=134) searching for dead birds found between the cities of Torres (29?21?S, 49?44?W) and Mostardas (31?14?S, 50?54?W), Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil, from October 2009 to May 2015. Additionally, specimens that died in the Wildlife and Marine Rehabilitation Center of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul were included. We analyze the digestive tract of Puffinus gravis (n=21), Procellaria aequinoctialis (n=32), Calonectris borealis (n=34) and Pterodroma incerta (n=61). Specimens of P. incerta were collected after the passage of Catarina Hurricane which hit the coast of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states in 2004. Food items of the four species were mainly cephalopod beaks, fish otoliths and eye lenses. In all species, gizzard was the cavity showing the highest percentage of food items reaching 91.8% in P. gravis, 81.3% in P. aequinoctialis, 93.9% in P. incerta and 83.2% in C. borealis. The same cavity showed the highest percentage for frequency of occurrence of polymeric materials attaining 84.4%, 68.7%, 98.3% and 94.2% in P. gravis, P. aequinoctialis, P. incerta and C. borealis, respectively. Among the plastic fragments, high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephtalate (PET) shown the highest percentage of occurrence and numerical frequencies. Among the consumed cephalopods, those belonging to the Oegopsida suborder were the most important cephalopods encountered in the diet. This suborder includes a large number of families, with mostly oceanic species that inhabit great depths. Pelagic cephalopods can be ingested by seabirds through post-spawning die-offs events (when they float), and by eating long-line fisheries discharge (when they catch pelagic and oceanic fishes). We could not identify the fish consumed by P. incerta because the otoliths were worn. In the other petrels studied, all fish consumed and that could be identified are abundant in the coastal and continental shelf platform of RS. Most teleost species present in the stomach contents of these birds are trawling fisheries discards in southern Brazil, as they are incidentally caught or for not having commercial value. Gravimetric tests used to identify the consumed polymers indicated that HDPE, LDPE and PP have low densities and can float on water, reinforcing the hypothesis that Procellariiformes can ingest plastic residues confounding it with prey. The high consumption of manufactured materials highlights the degradation of the oceans and is an important concern for migratory and endangered species conservation. / As esp?cies de aves da ordem Procellariiformes desempenham um importante papel como consumidores de topo de pir?mide alimentar em ecossistemas marinhos, pois apresentam ampla distribui??o geogr?fica e popula??es usualmente abundantes. Para analisar o conte?do gastrointestinal de petr?is foram coletados cad?veres encontrados em monitoramentos de praia (n=134) entre o munic?pio de Torres (29?21?S, 49?44?O) e o Farol de Mostardas (31?14?S, 50?54?O), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, de outubro de 2009 a maio de 2015. Tamb?m foram utilizados esp?cimes que vieram a ?bito no Centro de Reabilita??o de Animais Silvestres e Marinhos, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. As esp?cies estudadas foram Puffinus gravis (n=21), Procellaria aequinoctialis (n=32), Calonectris borealis (n=34) e Pterodroma incerta (n=61). Indiv?duos desta ?ltima esp?cie foram coletados ap?s a passagem do Ciclone Catarina, que atingiu a costa do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina em 2004. Os itens alimentares das quatro esp?cies foram constitu?dos principalmente de bicos de cefal?podes, ot?litos e cristalinos de peixes. Nas quatro esp?cies de aves o ventr?culo foi a cavidade que apresentou o maior percentual de itens alimentares com 91,8% em P. gravis, 81,3% em P. aequinoctialis, 93,9% em P. incerta e 83,2% em C. borealis. Com rela??o aos res?duos polim?ricos, a mesma cavidade apresentou o maior percentual de frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia desses materiais com 84,4%, 68,7%, 98,3% e 94,2% em P. gravis, P. aequinoctialis, P. incerta e C. borealis, respectivamente. Dentre os res?duos polim?ricos encontrados o polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), o polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD), o polipropileno (PP) e o politereftalato de etileno (PET), apresentaram os maiores percentuais de frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia e num?rica. Dentre os cefal?podes consumidos, aqueles pertencentes ? subordem Oegopsida apresentaram os maiores percentuais de frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia e num?rica. Essa subordem abrange um grande n?mero de fam?lias, em sua maioria de esp?cies oce?nicas e que habitam grandes profundidades. Cefal?podes pel?gicos podem ser consumidos ao flutuarem ap?s a morte ou devido ao descarte de v?sceras de peixes de profundidade, pela pesca de espinhel. N?o foi poss?vel identificar os peixes consumidos por P. incerta pois os ot?litos estavam muito desgastados. Nas demais esp?cies de petr?is todos os peixes consumidos e que puderam ser identificados, s?o abundantes na regi?o costeira e na plataforma continental do RS. A maioria das esp?cies de tele?steos consumidos por essas aves constituem parte do descarte da frota de pesca de arrasto no sul do Brasil, por serem capturadas acidentalmente ou por n?o terem valor comercial. Os testes gravim?tricos realizados para identifica??o dos pol?meros consumidos, indicaram que PEAD, PEBD e PP possuem baixa densidade e podem flutuar na ?gua, refor?ando a hip?tese de que os Procellariiformes podem ingerir res?duos polim?ricos confundindo-os com suas presas. O elevado consumo de material antr?pico evidencia a degrada??o dos oceanos e preocupa do ponto de vista da conserva??o de esp?cies migrat?rias e amea?adas.
4

Avalia??o das caracter?sticas de carca?a e perfil dos ?cidos graxos em su?nos na fase de termina??o, alimentados com dietas contendo farelo de baga?o de caju / Evaluation of housing characteristics and fatty acid profile of finishing pigs, fed diets containing cashew bagasse bran

Oliveira, Rafael Leandro Ramos de 28 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-06T21:44:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelLeandroRamosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1343132 bytes, checksum: 6444aa867d744c8252ffd08cca56393a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-08T22:28:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelLeandroRamosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1343132 bytes, checksum: 6444aa867d744c8252ffd08cca56393a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T22:28:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelLeandroRamosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1343132 bytes, checksum: 6444aa867d744c8252ffd08cca56393a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Fornecer carnes mais saud?veis aos consumidores tem exigido dos suinocultores uma adequa??o da nutri??o e do manejo alimentar. A nutri??o ? um dos fatores primordiais na defini??o dos aspectos qualitativos da carne su?na, pois atrav?s dela podemos modificar o perfil dos ?cidos graxos. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da inclus?o do farelo do baga?o do caju (FBC) nas dietas de su?nos em termina??o, sobre as caracter?sticas das carca?as e qualidade da carne. Foram utilizados 20 su?nos mesti?os, machos castrados com peso m?dio inicial de 57,93 ? 3,67 kg/PV As dietas foram formuladas a base de milho e farelo de soja, contendo ?leo vegetal, n?cleo comercial e diferentes n?veis de inclus?o do farelo do baga?o do caju (0,0; 7,5%; 15,0%; 22,5% e 30,0%). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, sendo 5 tratamentos e 4 repeti??es. Foram avaliados os par?metros quantitativos, qualitativos, perfil de ?cidos graxos no m?sculo Longissimus dorsi e na ?rea de gordura. Observou-se que com a inclus?o do FBC, os par?metros de rendimento de carca?a, espessura de toucinho, ?rea de gordura tiveram efeito linear negativo e a rela??o carne/gordura efeito positivo. Em rela??o ao perfil de ?cidos graxos na ?rea de gordura, o teor do ?cido graxo linoleico no n?vel de 30% de FBC foi 18,2% superior (P<0,05) ao n?vel de 0,0% e no araquid?nico o n?vel de 22,5% foi superior 33,3% e 37,5% aos n?veis 0,0% e 15,0% (FBC) respectivamente. Conclui-se que os su?nos em termina??o podem ser alimentos com dietas contendo at? 30% de FBC, melhorando a qualidade da carca?a pela menor deposi??o de gordura e modifica??o no perfil de ?cidos graxos. / Provide healthier meat to consumers of pig farmers has required an adjustment of nutrition and feed management. Nutrition is a primary factor in defining the qualitative aspects of pork, because through it we can modify the fatty acid profile. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of adding bran bagasse cashew (FBC) in diets for finishing pigs, on carcass traits and meat quality. 20 crossbred barrows with an average initial weight of 57.93 ? 3.67 kg / BW were used Diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal containing vegetable oil, commercial core and different levels of inclusion of the bran bagasse cashew ( 0.0, 7.5 % , 15.0 % , 22.5 % and 30.0 % ) . The experimental design was a randomized block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Quantitative, qualitative, fatty acid profile of the longissimus muscle and fat area parameters were evaluated. It was observed that with the inclusion of FBC, the parameters of carcass yield, backfat thickness, fat area had a negative linear effect relationship and meat / fat positive effect. Regarding the profile of fatty acids in fat area, the content of linoleic fatty acid level of 30 % of FBC was 18.2 % higher ( P < 0.05 ) at the level of 0.0 % and the arachidonic level of 22.5 % was higher than 33.3 % and 37.5 % at levels of 0.0 % and 15.0 % ( FBC ) respectively. It is concluded that finishing pigs may be food diets containing up to 30 % of FBC, improving the quality of housing for lower fat deposition and modification in the fatty acid profile.

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