Purpose: Production and utilization of buildings contributes immensely to global carbon dioxide emissions. The construction sector today accounts for over a third of global energy use will increase as the world population increases. According to the EU Directive from 2010, all new buildings in EU member countries as of December 31, 2020 are to be classified as near-zero energy buildings (NZEB). The goal is to investigate the various energy-affecting measures of the involved architects, structural engineers and planners that can improve the energy performance of a kindergarten to be closer to near-zero and identify obstacles that make it more difficult to achieve NZEB. Method: The investigation strategies for the project are qualitative methods in the form of semi-structured interviews with architects, planners and ventilation engineers for six different kindergartens. The interviews were conducted by telephone in which the questions were sent in advance to those interviewed. Mail interviews were conducted early on which resulted in either short answers or not answers at all. The energy performance documents of the different kindergartens were analyzed to get information about the different energy performances. Findings: The result does not contain a solution as to what the near-zero energy definition is or how to define it, but is more like guidance concerning what factors you can influence to get closer to near-zero energy for a kindergarten. Recurring problems surfacing in the interviews is that not all the involved roles have been able to influence predetermined choices of shape and space that, among other things, contribute to a limited space for services that planners are having difficulty influencing afterwards. Implications: The result helps contribute to making sure buildings are built in a more energy-efficient way and by such reducing the construction sector's share of the global energy consumption. The building's energy efficiency may not contribute to poor indoor climate in such a way that it affects children's health in a negative manner. This results in a need for careful planning where all parties can contribute with their best energy efficiency solutions without being too limited by the architectural constraints of shape and space. Alternatively, better communication between planners and architects in the earlier stages. Good planning contributes to a better result. Limitations: The result is based on Swedish kindergartens in a Nordic climate and should not be applied in countries without a Nordic climate. The result is not only applicable to kindergartens but is largely applicable to most similar buildings. Contact with more architects, constructional engineers, planners and more kindergartens would have given a better result.

Purpose: The purpose with this project was to evaluate the environmental, social, and economic aspects regarding two climate positive buildings in Västerås municipality in Sweden. The company responsible for the buildings, ETC Bygg AB, has assigned this task tothe research group Future Energy Center (FEC) at Mälardalen University. Method: The buildings was simulated with the programs IDA ICE and PVGIS to obtain the overall energy consumption and building efficiency as well as the PV system potential. Regarding transportation, vehicle and driver statistics was studied and adapted to the case study to estimate the tenant’s climate impact. Results: The results showed that the electricity obtained from the PV system both covers the building’s, and tenant’s estimated yearly electricity consumption, but also with a surplus available for storage or selling. The simulatedresults were compared to several previous studies with similar outcome, but with slightly different results. The tenants need for climate friendly transportation resulted in a suggestion of an electric mobility station consisting of electric cars, mopeds, and bicycles to lower the tenants carbon mitigation, costs, and energy consumption. Conclusions: Conclusions from the study was that the buildings meet both the BBR, and the FEBY18 Gold requirements with their high energy efficiency, as well as that the solar power system most likely will produce enough energy to cover both building, and tenant power consumption. A conclusion can be made that the transition to electric transportation have a potential to save both a considerable amount of energy and money for the tenants, but also the possibility to lower their collective yearly carbon mitigation. Also, that the life in a climate positive building have mostly, if not only, positive impacts on its residents.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to elaborate the project documentation of accommodation building in buld-up area in the town Nový Jičín. It is three-star hotel with three above-ground floors with partial basement. Visitors can be accommodated in 4 single rooms, 12 twin rooms and 7 suites. One single room is accessible. Visitors can also use restaurant services. The construction system is designed as masonry Porotherm system. The building is covered with a flat roof. Facade is insulated with a ventilated facade insulation system. Part of the project documentation is also a basic assessment of the building in terms of building physics. Hotel is designed as nearly zero energy building.

The master project is divided into three parts. The problematic of first and second part is kindergarten building, its technical equipment and management systems. The third part deals with financial, energy and environmental comparison of different heat systems. The kindergarten is single-storey building without basement and is located in Ronov nad Doubravou, Czechia. Building is based on strip footing and structural system is masonry wall system with gable roof. Material of both load-bearing and non-bearing walls are sand-lime blocks. External walls are insulated by external thermal insulation composite system. Vertical structures are designed from wooden lattice truss. The building site contains also outdoor parking lot and a garden with a playground.

The subject of my diploma thesis is a design of new kindergarten and elaboration of documentation for the construction. The building is situated in the southwestern suburb of Brno, in the district Brno-Starý Lískovec district. The building is set in a slightly sloping terrain. The building has two floors and and basement, created by partial basement of the building. The building is characterized with two wings designed at right angles and a decent coloured facade. The building contains two kindergarten classrooms with a capacity of 48 children with operational facilities, a rentable part for public, the administrative of the school and a technical facilities of the building. The first floor contains two separate kindergarten classes, each with 24 children, teacher's cabinet, toy storage room and a kitchen. The kitchen is designed without food preparation, with a food delivery company. Each kindergarten class has its own entrance. On the second floor is a rentable space containing a classroom, workshop, lounge and terrace. There are also an isolation room, a gym for children and a head master's office. The building is designed to a low energy standard, definated by near zero heat energy building (nzeb) standarts. There is established a wheelchair access to the building, A lift is proposed in the building. The structural design is proposed as a ceramic block wall with contact insulation system. The vertical strucutres are made of reinforced concrete cast-in-place ceiling. The building is based on concrete foundation and is covered by a single-skin, flat roof with a layer of extensive flora.

The Swedish residential sector consumes almost 39 % of Sweden’s final energy consumption. The European Union framework ”Clean Energy for all Europeans package” strives to promote a 32,5 % reduction as a result of energy efficiency measures. The Swedish legislation BBR regulates rules regarding new buildings, extensions and reconstruction of existing buildings. Excerpt 9 regards how energy is being used and determines the demands e.g. for a buildings primary energy use to be classified as a near zero energy building (NZEB). The energy use of a building, located in Västerås, Sweden, is being decided. Various energy efficiency packages are applied to a model in the simulation software IDA ICE. The results are compared with each other deciding the potential benefits of the energy efficiency measures. A substantial decrease of the energy consumption is detected, especially for the energy efficiency packages containing a geothermal heat pump (66 – 78 %). A life cycle cost analysis shows that the package containing a ventilation heat recovery system (FTX) combined with a geothermal heat pump is the optimal solution through an economical point a view. The solution yields a profit after 14 years. The analysis shows that all geothermal solutions, except a system consisting of a geothermal heat pump, FTX, energy efficient windows, rooftop insulation and a photovoltaic system, yields a profit during a 30-year investment period. None of the packages containing a district heat exchanger yield a profit. The simulation results show that by implementing any of the geothermal heat pump packages, the demands for classifying the building according to an NZE building are fulfilled. Regarding the district heating packages, only the package containing all the energy efficiency measures (energy efficient windows, rooftop insulation and PV) meets the demands to be classified as an NZE building. Regarding the environmental impact due to implementing the energy efficiency measures, the results show a reduced impact from applying the geothermal heat pump packages is equivalent to the energy consumption reductions. The results show that by implementing a district heating system, more than one additional energy efficiency measure must be applied to avoid an increased environmental impact. This thesis shows that implementing energy efficiency measures can decrease energy consumption and yield an economical profit to the existing building stock.

Buildings account for up to 32% of the total energy use in different countries. Directives from the European Union have pointed out the importance of increasing energy efficiency in buildings. New regulation in countries like Sweden establishes that new buildings should fulfill regulations of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB), opening an opportunity for new technologies to achieve these goals. Almost 80-90% of the energy in domestic hot water use is wasted from different applications with almost no use and with a lot of potential energy to be recovered. The present work studied the characteristics of greywater heat exchanger as a solution to recuperate heat from greywater to increase efficiency in buildings. This study explored the fluid mechanics involved in the vertical greywater heat exchangers, analyzing the falling film effect present in drain pipes and the effects of the secondary flow generated in the external helical coil. A heat transfer model from a theoretical approach was proposed and validated. In addition, this study explored the different variables influencing the economic feasibility of the technology and an economic analysis was performed. A theoretical comparison between a greywater heat exchanger application and a reference case without it was evaluated highlighting the importance of all the variables involved in the potential of implementation of the technology. The technology shows big potential in households with high water consumptions, especially with electric boilers.

The subject of this master thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the construction of a car showroom & service. This building is located in Brno, cadastral area of city Brno: Královo Pole. It is a detached building without a basement built on a trapezoid shaped area with a flat terrain. Object is divided into two functional parts: the car showroom and the car service. These two parts are constructionally and operationally connected. The car showroom is designed as a two-storey object, which serves as car exhibition, technical and hygienic facilities and mainly the administrative parts of both objects. The car service is designed as a single-storey object without a basement, which serves as a workspace of the car service and a warehouse. The load-bearing structural system of the car showroom is made of reinforced concrete pillars with ceramic masonry. The load-bearing structural system of the car service is made of reinforced concrete pillars with light sandwich panels. The foundation slab consists of prefabricated stepped foundation pad, prefabricated reinforced concrete grade beam and concrete strip footing. Insulation system of the building is made of insulation boards from basalt wool cladding by ventilated facades with perforated steel panels. Insolation in the car showroom is secured by glass curtain wall in combination with plastic windows and doors. Ceiling structures are designed as prestressed ceiling panels Spiroll. Roofing structure of both objects is supported by prestressed reinforced concrete roof girder in combination with trapezoidal sheet and insulation boards from basalt wool and PIR boards. The roof of the objects is flat with ordinary layer order with waterproof layer from softened PVC.

This diploma thesis deals with pressure losses in heating systems. The diploma thesis is divided into three sections. The first part is theoretical and deals with the occurrence of pressure losses. It discusses the properties of the fluid that affect pressure losses. It also deals with hydrodynamic phenomena, flow distribution, pressure loss distribution and its calculations. The aim of the second part, which is practical, was to create a heating project for a selected object. The object is a two-floor kindergarten building located in Velké Němčice. For this project, two heating variants were created. For the first variant, radiators and heating benches were designed and for the second variant, underfloor heating was installed in the building. The goal was to use a source which will gain heat mainly from renewable sources, so the air / water heat pump was chosen as the source of heat production. The project ends with a technical report. The third part of the thesis is dedicated to an experiment which purpose was to find out how the pressure losses of the connecting pieces are reacting to the change with the change of the heating water conditions (flow, temperature). Alongside, two pipes were created which differed in the type of connecting pieces so it allowed to compare how their pressure losses differ. Both pipes were connected by radial pressing, but the fittings differed in the quality of the brass, and therefore in the construction. Also, part of the experimental section of the diploma thesis is a description of the course of radial pressing of fittings from the Herz company.