Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:40:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-11-01 / The evolution of women s emancipation is part of a collective Act of boldness, declaring the breakup of the frontiers of women's power in the private space for a visibility in public space. Given the social and cultural transformations, that not only do Ceará, but all over the world experience, this work refers to the debate about the transformation of gender relations and women's movements in political affairs. In this sense, the conditions of existence are emphasized, considering that the subjective expressions are constructed in the social and cultural scenario of the subject. My goal was to understand how women are known to be affronted by the logic of patriarchy, today, through a long path of historic fight, wielding political power, and empowering rights and technical skills until then regarded as male roles. To this end, I performed a semi-structured interview with nine women working in political offices and I used the critical phenomenological method to carry out the analysis of the data. The themes emerged were: being a woman into politics; Women's multi-functions; the understanding of politics; The Exercise of political power; and gender and politics. The analyses of these topics tend to show two coexisting processes: the reproduction and rupture with the patriarchy s speech. In this sense, even if gradually, one realizes that the female power tends to distance it from the biologist naturalization process, establishing and causing the systematic derangement of the Patriarchate in sex and social relations. This phenomenon, in turn, enables new forms of subjectivities of women, from the expression of subjectivity in new fields of presence. Keywords: Women, Power, politics, Subjectivity and Phenomenology. / A evolução da emancipação da mulher se insere num ato coletivo de ousadia, declarando o rompimento das fronteiras do poder da mulher no espaço privado para uma visibilidade no espaço público. Diante das transformações socioculturais, que não somente o Ceará, mas todo o mundo vivencia, este trabalho se refere ao debate acerca das transformações das relações de gênero e dos movimentos de mulheres pelos assuntos da política. Neste sentido, são enfatizadas as condições de existência, considerando que as expressões subjetivas se constroem no cenário sociocultural do sujeito. Meu objetivo foi compreendercomo as mulheres reconhecidamente afrontadas pela lógica do patriarcado, hoje, atravésde uma longa trajetória de luta histórica, exercem o poder político, se empoderando dedireitos e de habilidades técnicas até então consideradas funções do masculino. Para tanto,realizei uma entrevista semi-estruturada com nove mulheres em exercício de cargos políticos e utilizei o método fenomenológico crítico para a realização da análise dos dados. As temáticas que emergiram foram: Ser Mulher na Política; Multifunções da Mulher; A Compreensão da Política; O Exercício do Poder Político; e Gênero e Política. As análises dessas temáticas tendem a mostrar dois processos coexistentes: a reprodução e a ruptura com o discurso do patriarcado. Neste sentido, mesmo que de forma gradual, percebe-se que o poder feminino tende a se distanciar dos processos de naturalização biologicista, se instituindo e causando o desarranjo sistemático do patriarcado nas relações sexuais e sociais. Esse fenômeno, por sua vez, possibilita novas formas de subjetivação da mulher, a partir da expressão da subjetividade em novos campos da presença. Palavras-chave: Mulher, Poder, Política, Subjetividade e Fenomenologia.

Culzean Castle is located 45 miles south of Glasgow on the West Coast of Scotland. It is a fine example of the work of architect Robert Adam. The castle is currently owned by the National Trust for Scotland, and is one of Scotland's most popular tourist attractions. The stonework has suffered through prolonged exposure in the castle's cliff-top position overlooking the Firth of Clyde. As a result some of the stonework was replaced in the 1970s, and current with this research, more stonework needs to be replaced. The castle was constructed from local sandstones, specifically volcanigenic lithic arenites (quartz-rich sandstones containing feldspars, lithic fragments, clays and micas, cemented together with calcium carbonate). Culzean was built during three periods using local stone. The original Late-Medieval castle was constructed from what has proved to be 'durable sandstone' (OB) which shows little evidence of deterioration in its more sheltered location as the foundations of the current building. During the eighteenth century, Robert Adam designed additions to the castle using another local sandstone (AB). This stone has undergone considerable deterioration (e.g. spalling, contour scaling and surface pitting), and in some instances has failed, with surface material falling from the building. The majority of the AB stones, particularly on the Drum Tower balcony need to be cut back or replaced right away. Finally during the late 1800s a west wing was added to the castle, of redder sandstone from Maybole (VB), which currently exhibits some surface deterioration (mainly contour scaling), but not on the same scale as the AB stone. Research was undertaken to examine the differences between these stones, particularly to determine the characteristics of the AB stone which allow it to weather more rapidly than the others. Cores samples of 75 mm diameter, 150 mm depth were taken from the building using a dry drilling method to prevent chemical alteration. A number of analytical techniques including ion chromatography, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence microscopy were used to examine the geochemistry and mineralogy of the stone. The role of externally derived soluble salts and the potential for physical change were then determined. Petrographic analysis highlighted a number of characteristic processes. The rock forming minerals, specifically the quartz, feldspars and micas showed similar mechanisms of deterioration in the three sandstones. These mechanisms included dissolution, particularly along lines of weakness and compositional variation, with ionic exchange at mineral edges. Clay minerals were found in abundance in the Culzean sandstones. Of greatest importance were the clays which absorb water, found in the AB stones (combinations of illite/smectite/chlorite species) which with access to ingressing solution and under confining pressures are particularly destructive for their size. There was also evidence for calcium carbonate cement dissolution and reprecipitation. The pore structure of the stones was of fundamental importance, as interconnecting pore channels increased permeability. The AB samples were found to have micro-porosity (< 5μ), created by cement and mineral dissolution, and interconnecting pore-space structures. Geochemical analysis identified the presence of soluble salts in the stone. Halite, gypsum and thenardite were present in abundance, particularly the AB samples. The occurrence of soluble salts at depth in the stone provided important information on the composition of the solutions driven into the stone at Culzean and the depths to which they could penetrate according to porosity and permeability. It also highlighted the presence of moisture at depth allowing salt crystallisation/hydration cycles and chemical reactions to take place. Analysis of the bulk chemistry of these three stones showed that overall the chemical make-up of each individual stone sampled was complicated and unique. There was no evidence for greater movement of specific elements through the stone profiles of the Adam's building stone when compared with the other two. Such was the natural chemical variation found in each of the stone profiles examined. The roles of temperature and humidity, controlling all aspects of moisture movement within the stone were also examined. These factors affected the ability of the stone to dry out and thus where the zone of maximum moisture content was situated and consequently where soluble salt crystallisation/hydration was heightened. There was surface evaporation of the exterior of the stone, behind which a wetting/drying zone allowed soluble salts to crystallise/dissolve. This salt crystallisation/solution zone moved in and out of the stone at depths of 10-40 mm, the zone of maximum moisture content. This resulted in the breakdown of the stone as its exterior surface spalled by the action of contour scaling. The results of this investigation have been used to produce a model for stone decay controlled by the ingress of salts in solution into the stone, and the ineffectual drying out of the stone.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-05T23:01:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-12-01 / This dissertation proposes a methodology to aid the tutor in the task of to accompany e-learning courses and to evaluate the development of the students' competences, in the professional education context, using concepts of artificial intelligence systems for treatment of uncertainties. The described steps allow to the tutor to verify the development of the students' competences in a personalized way, respecting their differences and learning rhythms. That is possible through the attendance of the student's situation and with the aid of the Bayesians networks. The Bayesians networks are resources of artificial intelligence systems indicated for cases that requires making decision in situations that deal with uncertainties. That methodology of competences evaluation has the following characteristics: it is formative and it happens during the teaching-learning process, it facilitates negotiation and student's autonomy in the administration of his/her learning proccess and it makes possible the social-professionals competences development. / Esta dissertação propõe uma metodologia para auxiliar o tutor na tarefa de acompanhar cursos de educação a distância e avaliar o desenvolvimento de competências dos alunos, no contexto da educação profissional, utilizando conceitos de sistemas computacionais para o tratamento de incertezas. Os passos descritos permitem ao tutor verificar o desenvolvimento de competências dos alunos de forma personalizada, respeitando suas diferenças e ritmos. Isto é possível, por meio do acompanhamento da situação do aluno e com o auxílio das redes bayesianas. As redes são recursos de sistemas de inteligência artificial indicados para os casos em que há a necessidade de uma tomada de decisão em situações que lidam com incerteza. Essa metodologia de avaliação de competências possui as seguintes características: é formativa e ocorre durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, favorece a negociação e a autonomia do aluno no gerenciamento de seu aprendizado e possibilita o desenvolvimento de competências sócio-profissionais.

Climatic stress on buildings in hot-dry climates has long been negotiated by means of evaporative cooling, the origins of which could be traced back to Egypt and the Middle East. However, this millennia-old strategy needs to undergo much scrutiny in its design and implementation to meet the requirements of contemporary comfort standards for offices. The task is even more onerous if multi-storey buildings are considered. Acknowledging Cairo to be one of the most densely populated cities in the world and in light of the growing demand on high quality office space in recent years, it is anticipated that extending the application of evaporative cooling to medium and high-rise office buildings is imperative if this strategy is to be widely adopted as an alternative to conventional air-conditioning in Cairo given that existing research and applications are limited to low-rise buildings. This work proposes a four-stage plan to achieve that. The first stage entails the development of a generic prototype of the Passive Downdraught Evaporatively Cooled (PDEC) multi-storey office building that allows three distinct airflow patterns and two modes of operation to take place. The second stage makes use of analytic models for the initial sizing of the airflow components. The third stage assesses the performance of a base case model of the generic PDEC building in terms of bulk airflow rates, airflow distribution across the floors, internal thermal conditions, and relevant environmental costs using EnergyPlus, the whole building dynamic thermal simulation program with integrated airflow network modelling. The fourth and final stage is that of optimisation wherein the effects of varying a number of parameters on performance are established. The study shows that in comparison to free-running naturally-ventilated buildings, and depending on the thermal comfort model adopted, PDEC can potentially deliver comfort conditions for all occupied hours of the cooling season in Cairo. Buoyancy 'stack' forces alone generated by temperature differences can drive sufficient airflow rates without wind assistance, a scenario that is likely to occur in dense urban contexts. The study demonstrates the effectiveness' of dividing multi-storey buildings into isolated segments in terms of airflow (segmentation) and the benefits of extending PDEC operation beyond occupied hours. Changes in wind direction and speed were also considered and have shown to be of less significance if air inlets and outlets are properly located. Fine tuning of the building management system and adopting a more relaxed overheating criterion are key factors in limiting the increase in daily water consumption due to PDEC in light of the diminishing availability of sustainable water resources in the region. This study is the first to provide an understanding of how multi-storey office buildings in hot-dry climates can be designed and operated to incorporate PDEC as a viable alternative to AC. The novelty here lies not in the methodology which uses available models, but in the detailed investigation of flow rates, flow patterns, indoor temperatures, and water consumption.

Thermochromic (TC) windows were developed as a passive building component to improve indoor comfort and building energy conservation in place of traditional clear glazing systems. TC materials enable a spectrum-dependent regulation of solar radiation through windows stimulated by heat. When the temperature is higher than its transition temperature, less solar radiation, primarily in the near infra-red (NIR), will be admitted inside the building, reducing over-heating on hot days. Meanwhile, the TC materials tint to bluish or brownish appearance along with the transition. Most research about the commonly studied Vanadium dioxide (VO2) based TC windows was focused on fabrication methods and properties improvement of VO2 based materials, and a few numbers of studies investigated their energy performance when applied in buildings. Therefore, this research conducted a thorough investigation of TC windows applied in buildings, covering characteristic of TC windows, energy efficient, daylighting performance, and human response affected by different types of TC windows. Both simulation and experimental methods were carried out to explore the potential of TC windows. That aim is to provide a detailed guidance for the development of TC materials that are more flexible and acceptable to use in a practical building. The comprehensive analysis mainly consists of four parts: 1) simulation work on the evaluation of TC windows on energy efficient and daylighting, also the window size effects under five typical climates; 2) further evaluation of the potential of developed TC windows with enhanced capability of adjusting visible and NIR transmittance individually or cooperatively; 3) experimental investigation of the research hypothesis that TC tinted window has no effect on the human visual performance and subjective sensation, in a test room cubicle with a low level of simulated daylit (100lux); 4) further experimental investigation to detect the acceptance range of tinting for different windows at an indoor comfort illuminance level (350 lux). Findings show that compared with reducing the transition temperatures, improving capability of adjusting visible or NIR transmittance is more effective to improve both daylighting and energy performance. TC windows are more energy efficient when applied in buildings with large glazing area under cooling dominated climates. However, dynamic reduction of visible transmittance is required to decrease the risk of visual discomfort caused by over daylighting, especially for cities with lower solar altitude. Under a dark illuminance, bronze tinted TC windows were preferred subjectively, however, subjects had better visual performance under blue tinted TC window conditions. Sustained attention (i.e., focus on an activity for a long period of time) was not affected by TC window conditions (i.e., with correlated colour temperature (CCT) ranging from 3300 to 11000K), but further tinted bronze window was subjectively considered to improve concentration. Therefore, adjustment of visible transmittance is highly recommended for warm tinted TC windows. Simulation and lab experiment might have some limitation on this study, further work is suggested by carrying out further validation and employing more samples.

Orientadora: Cristina Amélia Luzio / Banca: Simone Mainieri Paulon / Banca: Ricardo Sparapan Pena / Banca: Silvio Yasui / Banca: Elizabeth Maria Freire de Araújo Lima / Resumo: A Política Nacional de Humanização - HumanizaSUS (PNH) foi criada em 2003 a partir do reconhecimento das experiências inovadoras de um "SUS que dá certo" e desde então fomenta mudanças na atenção e na gestão. Nesta cartografia nos interessamos pelos encontros, histórias, situações corriqueiras de trabalho, assim como os estranhamentos, questionamentos e embates que foram produzidos ao longo de nosso percurso no HumanizaSUS. Para contarmos fragmentos desta história muitas narrativas foram entrelaçadas. Os documentos oficiais, anotações de reuniões e inúmeras rodas de conversa através da experiência como consultora do Ministério da Saúde, foram somados aos 78 documentos/narrativas finais de um curso da PNH na região Centro-Oeste, e ainda ao diálogo com 5 outros consultores. Utilizamos dos pensadores da Filosofia da Diferença e também da Saúde Coletiva, principalmente os alinhados com o HumanizaSUS, que nos auxiliaram na empreitada por enxergar os indícios tanto das capturas, quanto das formas de resistências, sem lamentar o presente. Construímos dois planos de análise que estão interligados e dialogam mutuamente. No capítulo 2 fizemos um demorado passeio pela PNH, por momentos, acontecimentos e divergências que marcaram os apoiadores. Problematizamos o HumanizaSUS como uma obra aberta e tarefa coletiva, que tem disputado espaço no Ministério da Saúde, no cotidiano dos serviços e na produção acadêmica. No capítulo 3 discutimos alguns desafios e entraves para a efetivação da saúde como direito. As capturas do contemporâneo, o SUS como campo de disputa, os muitos e desiguais 'Brasis' e a luta por cidadania contribuem para ampliarmos a compreensão sobre o tamanho da tarefa proposta pelo HumanizaSUS. Nas narrativas dos apoiadores temos avanços e retrocessos do SUS, um movimento potente que ecoa das lutas reformistas em saúde, mas que trava batalhas com os modos... / Abstract: The National Humanization Policy - HumanizaSUS (NHP) was created in 2003 as from the recognition of innovative experiences of a "SUS that works out" and since then has been promoting changes in its attention and management. In this cartography, we have been interested in meetings, stories, everyday work situations, as well as in the feelings of strangeness, doubts and clashes that have been produced throughout our trajectory in HumanizaSUS. Many narratives have been linked in order to enable us to report fragments of this story. Official documents, notes from meetings, countless rounds of conversations through the experience of being a consultant at Ministry of Health were added to the 78 final documents/narratives of a course at NHP in the Midwest of Brazil, and also to the dialog with 5 other consultants. We have used authors of the Philosophy of Difference and also of Public Health, mainly the ones aligned with HumanizaSUS, who have helped us discerning the clues of capture and resistance, without feeling sorry for the present days. We have built two scooping plans that are connected and mutually dialog. In chapter 2, NHP and its remarkable moments, happenings and divergences were extensively covered. HumanizaSUS was discussed as an unfinished piece of work and collective duty and has been struggling for a place in the Ministry of Health in everyday services and academic production. In chapter 3, some challenges and obstacles for making health a right were discussed. The captures of contemporary history, SUS as a battle field, the several and unequal realities that exist in Brazil and the struggle for citizenship contribute to broaden the comprehension of how important HumanizaSUS proposal is. In the supporters' narratives we can see headways and retrocessions of SUS, a powerful movement that results from reformist battles regarding health care, but that also combats the hegemonic patterns... / Doutor

Práce se zabývá vzájemným postavením firmy a zákazníka v současném tržním prostředí. Významem orientace veškerých podnikových činností na zákazníka. Přínosy z dlouhodobého vztahu se zákazníkem. Uvádí možnosti měření spokojenosti zákazníka. Nahlíži na stížnost jako na příležitost k nápravě a zabývá se důvody odchodů zákazníků. Obsahuje průzkum spokojenosti zákazníků firmy ALCAR BOHEMIA s. r. o. Zkoumá, zda je rozdíl mezi spokojeností velkých a malých zákazníků a konstruuje index jejich spokojenosti.

Orientador: Ernesto Jacob Keim. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.

Orientador: Maria da Conceição Lima de Andrade. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.

Orientador: Maria da Conceição Lima de Andrade. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.