Thesis (Ph. D.)--Karnatak University, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [304]-308).

This work relates, within the context of globalization, contemporary art with human rights, taking as a case study on the experience of the artist Monica Nador in to Miriam Garden Art Club (Jamac), a nongovernmental organization headquartered in São Paulo. Divided into three chapters, this study aims at first, to characterize the object studied and demonstrate that the right to access, know, understand and make art to be understood as part of human rights. Below, defines the processes of globalization, localization, hegemony and counter-hegemony, inserting the Jamac this context. In the final chapter, defines four generations of human rights, identifies discourses they share with contemporary art and discusses how Miriam Garden Art Club, by exercising the transformative power of artistic activity, is able to promote art as a human right. / Este trabalho relaciona, dentro do contexto da globalização, a arte contemporânea com os direitos humanos, tendo como estudo de caso a experiência da artista plástica Mônica Nador junto ao Jardim Miriam Arte Clube (Jamac), uma organização não-governamental sediada na cidade de São Paulo. Dividido em três capítulos, este estudo busca, no primeiro, caracterizar o objeto pesquisado e demonstrar que o direito a acessar, conhecer, compreender e fazer arte precisa ser entendido como parte dos direitos humanos. A seguir, conceitua os processos de globalização, localização, hegemonia e contra-hegemonia, inserindo o Jamac nesse contexto. No capítulo final, conceitua as quatro gerações de direitos humanos, identifica discursos que eles compartilham com a arte contemporânea e discute como o Jardim Miriam Arte Clube, ao exercer o poder transformador da atividade artística, é capaz de promover a arte como um direito humano.

Situated on the north-eastern coast of Morocco, the Spanish enclave of Melilla is a paradigmatic case of an unusual yet increasingly common kind of community. These are small, rather isolated communities with no industry or natural resources of their own, which rely heavily on capital and labour drawn from outside. Together with Ceuta, Melilla is one of the two only land borders between Europe and Africa. The enclave’s economic and political set up reflects its geopolitical importance. Across the border from Melilla lies the Moroccan province of Nador, home to one of the largest communities of Moroccan emigrants in Europe and a steady source of unskilled labour on which the Spanish enclave relies. Connections across the border are strong, including kinship links, employment networks and a wide range of both legal and illegal commercial transactions. Based on twelve months of fieldwork conducted on both sides of the border, this thesis departs from prevailing images of the borderland as either an abstract space of ‘creolisation’ and ‘hybridity’ or a locus of resistance to state power, and suggests, instead, that we carefully consider the large-scale political and economic processes through which places like Melilla and Nador are produced, and analyse the ways in which such global structures shape local reality. A fundamental aim of the thesis, therefore, is to elucidate the nature of the relations between space, place and capital at the Spanish-Moroccan frontier, and understand how such relations affect the lives of those who inhabit the region. This involves thinking about the language of a ‘community’ and the discourses and practices of morality that sustain it; analysing discourses of ‘us’ vs. ‘them’ in contexts of institutionalised economic inequality; and understanding local conceptions of identity, morality and legitimacy, and how the three interact.

Cette recherche interroge le sens culturel et social dans le processus de qualification du patrimoine et de développement territorial de la province de Nador (Maroc). Deux problématiques se dessinent à l'issue de ce travail : celle de l'interprétation des ressources patrimoniales locales et celle de leur performance. Elles se sont élaborées sur le terrain, et résultent de l'ensemble des interactions installées dans et par l'enquête ethnographique conduite de 2009 à 2012. Les principaux résultats apportent des éléments de compréhension au rapport que les différents acteurs entretiennent avec ce patrimoine y compris la population locale ; l'approche ethnographique a mis au jour un savoir profane et une mémoire des habitants qu'ils traduisent diversement dans les dynamiques locales émergeantes de l'action patrimoniale et dans un processus de qualification de l'héritage culturel de la province. In fine, cette thèse révèle des tensions et des enjeux liés à une mise en patrimoine encore instable. Nos propositions invitent à la capitalisation du savoir profane et de l'expertise locale et leur inscription dans une dynamique institutionnelle naissante au Maroc, dans des dispositifs de médiation symbolique, mais aussi dans des formes de communication publique et territoriale. / This research questions the cultural and social meaning in the qualification process of heritage and in the territory development of the province of Nador (Morocco).Two problematics are derivated from this work : the interpretation of local patrimonial resources and their performance. They were elaborated on the field work and are resulting from all the interactions installed thanks to the ethnographic method led from 2009 to 2012. The main results help in understanding the relationship of different actors with this heritage, including the local population ; the ethnographic approach reveals inhabitants profane knowledge and memory that they transpose in many ways in the emerging local dynamics of the patrimonial action and in the qualification process of cultural heritage of the province. Ultimately, this research reveals tensions and stakes related to the still unstable heritage. Our proposals call for the capitalization of profane knowledge and local expertise and their enrollment in an emerging institutional dynamic in Morocco, in symbolic mediation devices and in public and territorial communication.

En ce dernier quart du XXème siècle, l'horizon des migrations de travailleurs s'est élargi car aux relations connues des systèmes coloniaux (tel " l'apartheid" sud--africain) et des pays dominés avec l'Europe industrielle et les USA,s'ajoutent toutes celles qui à l'intérieur des pays du Tiers-- Monde relient les pôles d'exploitation de l'énergie ou des matières premières, vides d'hommes, tel le Moyen--Orient, et les régions environnantes peuplées mais pauvres.