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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Fundamental Studies of Photothermal Properties of a Nanosystem and the Surrounding Medium Using Er3+ Photoluminescence Nanothermometry

Baral, Susil 14 September 2017 (has links)
No description available.
2

Nanoscale Temperature Measurement of Phase Transition in Water Using Novel Optical Thermometry Techniques

Alaulamie, Arwa A. 14 September 2017 (has links)
No description available.
3

Synthesis, Characterization, and Photothermal Study of Plasmonic Nanostructures using Luminescence Nanomaterials

Rafiei Miandashti, Ali 12 June 2019 (has links)
No description available.
4

Design rationnel de nanothermomètres programmables à base d’ADN

Gareau, David 09 1900 (has links)
Développer de nouveaux nanomatériaux, interrupteurs et machines nanométriques sensibles à de petites variations de température spécifiques devrait être de grande utilité pour une multitude de domaines œuvrant dans la nanotechnologie. De plus, l’objectif est de convaincre le lecteur que les nanotechnologies à base d’ADN offrent d’énormes possibilités pour la surveillance de température en temps réel à l’échelle nanométrique. Dans la section Résultats, nous exploitons les propriétés de l’ADN pour créer des thermomètres versatiles, robustes et faciles à employer. En utilisant une série de nouvelles stratégies inspirées par la nature, nous sommes en mesure de créer des nanothermomètres d’ADN capables de mesurer des températures de 25 à 95°C avec une précision de <0.1°C. En créant de nouveaux complexes d’ADN multimériques, nous arrivons à développer des thermomètres ultrasensibles pouvant augmenter leur fluorescence 20 fois sur un intervalle de 7°C. En combinant plusieurs brins d’ADN avec des plages dynamiques différentes, nous pouvons former des thermomètres montrant une transition de phase linéaire sur 50°C. Finalement, la vitesse de réponse et la précision des thermomètres développés et leur réversibilité sont illustrées à l’aide d’une expérience de surveillance de température à l’intérieur d’un unique puits d’un appareil de qPCR. En conclusion, les applications potentielles de tels nanothermomètres en biologie synthétique, imagerie thermique cellulaire, nanomachines d’ADN et livraison contrôlée seront considérées. / Developing nanomaterials, probes, switches or nanomachines that are able to respond to specific temperature changes should prove of utility for several applications in the fields of in vivo imaging, clinical diagnostics, and drug-delivery. Here, we describe various bio- inspired strategies to engineer DNA thermoswitches with programmable linear response ranges for precise temperature sensing between 25 to 95°C with thermal precision <0.1°C. Using multimeric switch architectures, we are able to create ultrasensitive thermometers that display large 20-fold, quantitative signal changes within only 7°C. Lastly, by combining thermoswitches of different stabilities, or a mix of stabilizers of various strengths, we can create extended thermometers that respond linearly in a 50°C temperature window. Using these programmable DNA thermometers we measured, for the first time, the temperature equilibration time inside PCR wells using a fluorescent readout. Their potential applications in in vivo imaging, DNA nanomachines, drug delivery systems and synthetic biology are further discussed.
5

Time-Resolved Temperature Measurements and Thermal Imaging using Nano-Thermometers in Different Environments

Shrestha, Kristina 28 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
6

Nanosondes fluorescentes pour l'exploration des pressions et des températures dans les films lubrifiants / Fluorescent nanoprobes for the exploration of pressures and temperatures in movies lubricants

Hajjaji, Hamza 14 October 2014 (has links)
L’objectif de ce travail est d’utiliser les nanoparticules (NPs) de nanosondes fluorescentes de température en particulier dans les films lubrifiants. Le développement de ces nanosondes nécessite la détermination de leurs sensibilités thermiques afin de pouvoir sélectionner les NPs les plus prometteuses. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons présenté deux méthodes d’élaboration utilisées pour la synthèse des nanostructures à base de SiC-3C, la méthode d’anodisation électrochimique et la méthode d’attaque chimique. Dans le premier cas, les analyses FTIR,RAMAN et MET des NPs finales ont montré que la nature chimique de ces NPs est majoritairement formée de carbone graphitique. L’étude détaillée de la photoluminescence de ces NPs a montré que le processus d’émission dépend de la chimie de surface des NPs, du milieu de dispersion et de sa viscosité, de la concentration des suspensions et de la température du milieu. Pour la deuxième famille de NP de SiC, les analyses cohérentes MET, DLS et PL ont montrées une taille moyenne de 1.8 nm de diamètre avec une dispersion de ±0.5nm. Le rendement quantique externe de ces NPs est de l’ordre de 4%. Les NPs dispersées dans l’éthanol, n’ont pas montré une dépendance à la température exploitable pour notre application. Par contre, les NPs de SiC produites par cette voie, étant donné la distribution en taille resserrée et le rendement quantique « honorable » pour un matériau à gap indirect, sont prometteuses pour des applications comme luminophores en particulier pour la biologie grâce à la non toxicité du SiC. Dans le cas des NPs de Si, nous avons également étudié deux types différents de NPs. Il s’agit de : (i) NPs obtenues par anodisation électrochimique et fonctionnalisées par des groupements alkyls (décène, 1-octadécène). Nous avons mis en évidence pour la première fois une très importante variation de l’énergie d’émission dEg/dT avec la température de type red-shift entre 300 et 400K. Les mesures de(T) conduisent à une sensibilité thermique de 0.75%/°C tout à fait intéressante par rapport aux NPs II-VI. De plus il a été montré que la durée de vie mesurée n’est pas fonction de la concentration. (ii) NPs obtenue par voie humide et fonctionnalisées par le n-butyl. Pour ce type de NPs nous avons mis pour la première fois en évidence un comportement de type blue-shift pour dEg/dT de l’ordre de -0.75 meV/K dans le squalane. Pour ces NPs, la sensibilité thermique pour la durée de vie de 0.2%°C est inférieure à celle des NPs de type (i) mais largement supérieure à celle des NPs de CdSe de 4 nm (0.08%/°C). La quantification de cette la sensibilité à la température par la position du pic d’émission dEg/dT et de la durée de vie nous permet d’envisager la conception de nanosondes de température basée sur les NPs de Si avec comme recommandations l’utilisation de NPs obtenues par anodisation électrochimique et de la durée de vie comme indicateur des variations en température. / The goal of this study is the use of Si and SiC nanoparticles (NPs) as fluorescent temperature nanoprobes particularly in lubricating films. The development of these nanoprobes requires the determination of their thermal sensitivity in order to select the best prospects NPs. To achieve this goal, we presented two preparation methods used for the synthesis of 3C-SiC based nanostructures : (i) anodic etching method and (ii) chemical etching method. In the first case, the FTIR, Raman and TEM analysis of final NPs showed that the chemical nature of these NPs is formed predominantly of graphitic carbon. The detailed photoluminescence study of these NPs showed that the emission process depends on the surface chemistry of the NPs, the dispersion medium and its viscosity, the suspension concentration and temperature of the environment.. In the second case, coherent TEM, DLS and PL analyzes showed an average size of 1.8 nm in diameter with a dispersion of ±0.5 nm. The external quantum efficiency of these NPs is 4%. NPs dispersed in ethanol, did not show an exploitable fluorescence dependence on temperature for our application. On the other hand, 3C-SiC NPs produced by this way, given the narrow size distribution and the reasonably high quantum yield for an indirect bandgap material, are promising for applications such as luminophores in particular in the biology field thanks to nontoxicity of SiC. In the case of Si we studied also two different types of NPs. (i) NPs obtained by anodic etching and functionalized by alkyl groups (decene, octadecene). We have demonstrated for the first time an important red-shift in the emission energy dEg/dT with temperature from 300 to 400K. The PL lifetime measurement(T) lead to a thermal sensitivity of 0.75% /°C very interesting compared to II-VI NPs. Furthermore it has been shown that t is not depending on the concentration. (ii) NPs obtained by wet-chemical process and functionalized with n-butyl. For this type of NPs we have identified for the first time a blue-shift behavior of dEg dT in the order of -0.75 meV/K in squalane. The thermal sensitivity for the PL lifetime of these NPs is 0.2%/°C, which is lower than that of NPs obtained by anodic etching method, but much greater than that of CdSe NPs with 4 nm of diameter (0.08%/°C). Quantification of the temperature sensitivity by the position of emission peak dEg/dT and the PL lifetime dτ/dT allows us to consider the realization of temperature nanoprobes based on Si NPs with recommendations to use Si NPs obtained by anodic etching method and PL lifetime as an indicator of temperature changes.
7

Nanopartículas multifuncionais de fluoreto de lantânio dopadas com Nd3+ como agentes de contrastes e terapêuticos / Multifunctional nanoparticles of lanthanum fluoride Nd3 + doped as contrasts and therapeutic agents

Silva, Uéslen Rocha 09 September 2014 (has links)
In this work, we investigated the possible applications of Nd3+ ions doped lanthanium trifluoride (LaF3) nanocrystals as infrared constrast agents in the first and second biological windows of the electromagnetic spectrum, which extend from 700 to 1400 nm. For this, we use the three emissions of Nd3+ ions centered around 900, 1060, and 1330 nm, corresponding to transitions generated from the metastable state 4F3/2. In comparison with other fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) used as biolables agents, such as semiconductor quantum dots and multiphotonic luminescent NPs, the Nd3+ doped LaF3 NPs present several advantages such as high fluorescence quantum efficiency and high chemical and spectral stabilities. We have demonstrated that, with the emission around 1060 nm is possible to obtain high brightness images of cancer cells and high penetration images of animal models (mices). Additionally, we have demonstrated that the emission around 900 nm has an appreciable thermal sensitivity that allows the use of such NPs as optical nanothermometers. As the Nd3+ concentration is increased to values around 25 mol%, this thermal sensitivity comes with a high conversion efficiency of light-to-heat, so that the NPs work as multifunctional agents capable of generating heat and measuring, simultaneously, induced local temperature. This has allowed the development of real time controlled thermal therapies of cancerous tumors in animal models (mices). / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta tese avaliamos as possíveis aplicações de nanocristais de trifluoreto de lantânio (LaF3) dopados com íons de Nd3+ como agentes de contrastes infravermelho na primeira e segunda janelas biológicas do espectro eletromagnético, as quais se estendem de 700 a 1400 nm. Para isso usamos as três emissões de íons de Nd3+ centradas em torno de 900, 1060 e 1330 nm, correspondentes a transições geradas a partir do estado metaestável 4F3/2. Na comparação com outras nanopartículas (NPs) fluorescentes usadas como agentes de bio-contrastes, tais como, pontos quânticos de semicondutores e NPs multifotônicas luminescentes, as NPs de LaF3 dopadas com íons de Nd3+ apresentam diversas vantagens, tais como, alta eficiência quântica de fluorescência e altas estabilidades química e espectral. Nós demonstramos com a emissão em torno de 1060 nm que é possível obter imagens de alto brilho de células cancerígenas e imagens de alta penetração de modelos animais (ratos). Adicionalmente, demonstramos que a emissão em torno de 900 nm apresenta uma apreciável sensibilidade térmica que permite utilizar tais NPs como nanotermômetros ópticos. Quando a concentração de íons de Nd3+ é elevada para valores em torno de 25 mol%, esta sensibilidade térmica vem acompanhada de uma alta eficiência de conversão luz-calor, fazendo as NPs se comportarem como agentes multifuncionais capazes de gerar calor e medir, de forma simultânea, a temperatura local induzida. Isto tem permitido o desenvolvimento de terapias térmicas, controladas em tempo real, de tumores cancerígenos em modelos animais (ratos).
8

Viabilidade de sistemas dopados e co-dopados com Yb3+ e Nd3+ para aplicações fotônicas - lasers e termometria óptica / Feasibility of doped and co-doped systems with Yb3+ and Nd3+ for photonic applications: lasers and optical thermometry

Santos, Weslley Queiroz 13 March 2015 (has links)
In this work, we investigated the spectroscopic characteristics of Nd3+ and Yb3+ doped/co-doped materials for potential applications in photonic devices, particularly lasers emitting in the IR and visible (blue) and thermal sensing operating in the first and second biological windows. For such purposes, we used the fluorescence spectroscopy technique in steady state and time resolved. Initially we investigated the spectroscopic characteristics of the Yb3+ doped oxyfluoride glass, analyzing three important effects present in Yb3+ doped systems: Radiation Trapping (RT), Self-Quenching (SQ), and Cooperative Luminescence (CL). We show that the effects of RT and SQ affect substantially the line shape of Yb3+ emission spectrum, thereby inducing miscalculations of the emission cross section, overestimation of the laser level lifetime, as well as errors in non-radiative decay rates. On the other hand, we show that the strong presence of RT favors the CL effect between Yb3+ ions, which configures an advantageous feature for the generation of blue light via CL. In the thermal sensing context, we carried out a study on application of Nd3+ single doped materials for optical temperature sensors based on Fluorescence Intensity Ratio (FIR) using the 4F3/2, 4F5/2 and 4F7/2 Nd3+ energy levels, more precisely, Nd3+ doped Q-98 phosphate glass, where we showed that the investigated phosphate glass present good perspectives for applications in optical thermometer, being its thermal sensitivity and the maximum thermal range, strongly dependent on the considered energy levels. Following the studies on thermal sensing, we investigated the effects of structure core and core@shell of lanthanum fluoride nanocrystals (LaF3) doped/co-doped with Nd3+ and Yb3+ for temperature sensor based on energy transfer (ET). For this, LaF3 nanocrystals in structural configurations LaF3:Nd (only core), LaF3:Nd/Yb (only core), LaF3 :Nd@LaF3:Yb (Nd3+ in core and Yb3+ in shell), and LaF3:Yb@LaF3:Nd (Yb3+ in core and Nd3+ in shell) were synthesized. We evaluated the FIR of the emission from Yb3+ (2F5/2→2F7/2 at ~990 nm) and Nd3+ (4F3/2→4I13/2 at ~1060 nm) against the temperature and we concluded that their sensitivities are strongly dependent on the structural configurations, i.e., we get control the ET processes and their temperature dependence. In addition, we show that FIR, using 990 and 1330 nm emissions present thermal sensitivity at least one order of magnitude greater that the other FIR’s. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Neste trabalho investigamos as características espectroscópicas de materiais dopados/co-dopados com os íons terras-raras Nd3+ e Yb3+ para potenciais aplicações em dispositivos fotônicos, particularmente lasers emissores no infravermelho e visível (azul) e sensoriamento térmico operando na primeira e segunda janelas biológicas. Para tais propósitos, usamos a técnica de espectroscopia de fluorescência no estado estacionário e resolvida no tempo. Inicialmente investigamos as características espectroscópicas do vidro oxifluoreto dopado com Yb3+, analisando três importantes efeitos presentes em sistemas dopados com Yb3+: Radiation Trapping (RT), Self- Quenching (SQ) e Luminescência Cooperativa (LC). Mostramos que os efeitos de RT e SQ afetam de forma substancial a forma de linha do espectro de emissão do Yb3+, induzindo, assim, cálculos errôneos na seção de choque de emissão, superestimação do valor do tempo de vida do nível laser emissor, bem como erros nas taxas de decaimentos não-radiativos. Por outro lado, mostramos que a forte presença dos efeitos de RT observados favorece o processo de LC entre íons Yb3+, o que de certa forma constitui uma característica vantajosa para a geração de luz azul via processo de LC do Yb-Yb. Já no âmbito de sensoriamento térmico, realizamos um estudo sobre a aplicação de materiais mono-dopados com Nd3+ em sensores ópticos de temperatura baseados na Razão de Intensidade de Fluorescência (RIF) dos níveis de energia 4F3/2, 4F5/2 e 4F7/2 do Nd3+, mais precisamente, vidro fosfato Q-98 dopado com Nd3+, onde mostramos que o vidro fosfato investigado apresenta boas perspectivas para aplicações em termômetro óptico, sendo sua sensibilidade térmica, bem como o intervalo de temperatura de máxima sensibilidade, fortemente dependente dos níveis de energia considerados. Continuando os estudos sobre sensoriamento térmico, investigamos os efeitos da estrutura core e core@shell de nanocristais de fluoreto de lantânio (LaF3) dopados/co-dopados com Nd3+ e Yb3+ para sensor térmico por Transferência de Energia (TE). Para tanto, nanocristais de LaF3 nas configurações estruturais de LaF3: Nd (somente core), no LaF3: Nd/Yb (somente core), LaF3: Nd@LaF3: Yb (com Nd3+ no core e Yb3+ no shell) e LaF:Yb@LaF3:Nd (com Yb3+ no core e Nd3+ no shell) foram sintetizados. Nós avaliamos as RIF das emissões do Yb3+ (2F5/2 → 2F7/2 em ~990 nm) e do Nd3+ (4F3/2→4I13/2 em ~1060 nm) com a temperatura e concluímos que suas sensibilidades são fortemente dependentes das configurações estruturais, ou seja, conseguimos controlar os processos de TE e a dependência destes com a temperatura. Adicionalmente, mostramos que o sensor de RIF, usando as emissões em 990 nm e 1330 nm, apresenta uma sensibilidade térmica de pelo menos uma ordem de grandeza maior que os demais RIF’s.
9

Experimental characterization of heat transfer in nanostructured silicon-based materials / Caractérisation expérimentale du transfère thermique dans les matériaux nanostructurés à base de silicium

Massoud, Mouhannad 20 June 2016 (has links)
Ce mémoire de thèse aborde la caractérisation expérimentale du transfert thermique à l’échelle nanométrique dans des matériaux compatibles avec les procédés de la micro-électronique. Pour cela deux techniques de caractérisation sont appliquées chacune à deux différents systèmes, le silicium mésoporeux irradié et les membranes de silicium suspendues. La première technique de caractérisation est la thermométrie micro-Raman. La puissance du laser chauffe l'échantillon exposé. La détermination de la conductivité thermique nécessite la modélisation de la source de chaleur par la méthode des éléments finis. Dans les cas considérés la modélisation de la source de chaleur repose sur différents paramètres qui doivent être soigneusement déterminés. La seconde technique de caractérisation est la microscopie à sonde locale (d’acronyme anglais SThM), basée sur le principe de la microscopie à force atomique (d’acronyme anglais AFM). Utilisée en mode actif, la sonde AFM est remplacée par une sonde résistive de type Wollaston qui est chauffée par effet Joule. Utilisée en mode AFM contact, cette technique permet une excitation thermique locale du matériau étudié. La détermination de la conductivité thermique nécessite l'analyse de la réponse thermique de la sonde au moyen d'échantillons d'étalonnage et également via la modélisation dans le cas des géométries complexes. L'effet de la position de la pointe sur le transfert de chaleur entre la pointe et l'échantillon est étudié. Une nouvelle méthode de découplage entre le transfert de chaleur entre la pointe et l'échantillon, respectivement à travers l'air et au contact, est proposée pour la détermination de la conductivité thermique des géométries complexes. Les résultats obtenus avec les deux techniques pour les échantillons de silicium mésoporeux irradiés à l’aide d’ions lourds dans le régime électronique sont en bon accord. Ils montrent la dégradation de la conductivité thermique du silicium mésoporeux suite à une augmentation dans la phase d’amorphe lorsque la dose d’irradiation croît. Les résultats obtenus sur les membranes de silicium suspendues montrent une réduction de la conductivité thermique de plus de 50 % par rapport au silicium massif. Lorsque la membrane est perforée périodiquement afin de réaliser une structure phononique de période inférieure à 100 nm, cette réduction est approximativement d’un ordre de grandeur. Un chapitre introduisant un matériau prometteur à base de silicium pour observer des effets de cohérence phononique conclut le manuscrit. / This PhD thesis deals with the experimental characterization of heat transfer at the nanoscale in materials compatible with microelectronic processes. Two characterization techniques are applied to two different systems, irradiated mesoporous silicon and suspended silicon membranes. The first characterization technique is micro-Raman thermometry. The laser power heats up the exposed sample. The determination of the thermal conductivity requires the modeling of the heat source using finite element simulations. The modeling of the heat source relies on different parameters that should be carefully determined. The second characterization technique is Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM), an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based technique. Operated in its active mode, the AFM probe is replaced by a resistive Wollaston probe that is heated by Joule heating. Used in AFM contact mode, this technique allows a local thermal excitation of the studied material. The determination of the thermal conductivity requires the analysis of the thermal response of the probe using calibration samples and modeling when dealing with complicated geometries. The effect of the tip position on heat transfer between the tip and the sample is studied. A new method decoupling the heat transfer between the tip and the sample, at the contact and through air, is proposed for determining the thermal conductivity of complicated geometries. The results obtained from the two techniques on irradiated mesoporous silicon samples using heavy ions in the electronic regime are in good agreement. They show a degradation of the thermal conductivity of mesoporous silicon due to the increase in the amorphous phase while increasing the ion fluence. The results obtained on suspended silicon membrane strips show a decrease in the thermal conductivity of more than 50 % in comparison to bulk silicon. When perforated into a phononic structure of sub-100 nm period, the membrane thermal conductivity is about one order of magnitude lower than the bulk. A chapter introducing a promising silicon-based material for the evidence of phonon coherence concludes the manuscript.

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