Intra-family succession is the transfer of management, leadership and/or control of the business from one family member to another, and has been a core topic in family business research (Debicki, Matherne, Kellermanns, and Chrisman, 2009). Family firm researchers have suggested that family firms have a strong desire toward economic and non-economic goals (Kotlar and De Massis, 2013). However, how these goals fit into the strategic management decision of intra-family succession has not been explored by researchers (Chrisman, Kellermanns, Chan, and Liano, 2010). The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the importance of the goals that small private family firms expect to achieve through intra-family succession that cannot be achieved through non-family succession as “success in strategic management, including the management of intra-family succession, must be measured in terms of goal achievement” (De Massis, Sharma, Chua, and Chrisman, 2012, p. 30). To examine why intra-family succession goals (IFSGs) are important, this study relies on the psychological personality constructs of generativity (concern for guiding and establishing the next generation) and narcissism (an individual’s self-assurance, self-esteem and satisfaction with oneself). The respondents of this study are those family members who make up the dominant coalition (founders, incumbents, and potential successors) of the family firm. Only those firms where the family has the ability to influence firm behavior, and the intention (willingness) for intra-family succession, are included in this study. Qualitative data was collected to identify IFSGs, and these IFSGs are used in the development of the structured questionnaire. Fourteen IFSGs were identified from the qualitative phase of the study. The data collected from the structured questionnaire was subject to various statistical methods. The results suggest that the dominant coalition of small private family firms considered each IFSG as important, and that generativity and narcissism partially explain why these goals are important. The findings suggest that gender and the individual’s role within the dominant coalition influence the hypothesized relationship between IFSGs and generativity, and the IFSG of legacy and narcissism. This research provides several analytical, methodological and theoretical contributions and paves the way for further theoretical and empirical enquiry into intra-family succession of small private family firms.

In this study perceived ethical leadership was examined as a moderator of the relationship between the dark triad personality traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) using a sample of 208 employees recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. These participants completed measures of personality (Short Dark Triad; Jones & Paulhus, 2014), counterproductive workplace behavior (Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist; Spector et al., 2006), and employee perception of their direct supervisor’s ethical leadership (Brown, Treviño, & Harrison, 2005). Participants were compensated $0.65 for completing the survey. Correlation and moderation analyses (Hayes, 2012) were used to analyze data. Significant correlations suggest that individuals scoring high on Machiavellianism and psychopathy also reported engaging in more CWB. The relationship between Narcissism and counterproductive workplace behavior approached significance in the predicted direction. Machiavellianism and psychopathy were not negatively related to the employee’s perception of their supervisor’s ethical leadership. Narcissism was significantly positively related to an employee’s perception of their supervisor’s ethical leadership. Finally, ethical leadership did not moderate the relationship between Machiavellianism or psychopathy and CWB. Ethical leadership did not moderate the relationship between Narcissism and CWB, but results were approaching significance in the predicted direction. These results suggest that employees who are manipulative and lack empathy were more likely to engage in harmful behaviors in the workplace such as abuse, production deviance, sabotage, theft, and withdrawal. Further, employees who were more narcissistic and have a grandiose view of themselves were more likely to view their leaders as ethical. Overall, the results of this study indicate that perceived ethical leadership does not affect the frequency in which employees high in narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy reported engaging in counterproductive work behaviors.

abstract: Anti-Semitism is a recurrent phenomenon in modern history, but has garnered relatively little focus among research psychologists compared to prejudice toward other groups. The present work frames anti-Semitism as a strategy for managing the implications of Jews’ extraordinary achievements compared to other groups. Anti-Semitic beliefs are sorted into two types: stereotypes that undercut the merit of Jews’ achievements by attributing them to unfair advantages such as power behind the scenes; and stereotypes that offset Jews’ achievements by attaching unfavorable traits or defects to Jews, which are unrelated to the achievement domains, e.g. irritating personalities or genetically-specific health problems. The salience of Jews’ disproportionate achievements was hypothesized as driving greater endorsement of anti-Semitic stereotypes, and envy was hypothesized as mediating this effect. Individual differences in narcissistic self-esteem and moral intuitions around in-group loyalty and equity-based fairness were hypothesized as moderating the effect of Jewish achievement on anti-Semitic beliefs. The results showed greater endorsement of undercutting – but not offsetting – stereotypes after reading about Jewish achievements, compared to Jewish culture or general American achievement conditions. Envy did not significantly mediate this effect. The moral foundation of in-group loyalty predicted greater endorsement of anti-Semitic stereotypes in the Jewish Achievement condition, and lesser endorsement in the Jewish Culture condition. Fairness intuitions did not significantly predict stereotype endorsement. Limitations of the sample and next steps are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2015

Orientador: Amneris Angela Maroni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T09:58:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miwa_MarcelaJussara_M.pdf: 3264767 bytes, checksum: 3e7cffdf7e78ac1d8c7cf60ad6745b39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O movimento Shindo Renmei (Liga do Caminho dos Súditos) surgiu durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, dentro da colônia japonesa no Brasil. Inicialmente, foi idealizado para celebrar as virtudes do Império nipônico e cultivar valores patrióticos entre os colonos. Suas primeiras atividades datam de 1942, mas é a partir de 1945 que a organização se consolida e realiza suas ações mais polêmicas. Com o fim da guerra, acirrou-se, dentro da colônia, a oposição entre os que defendiam a vitória japonesa (¿vitoristas¿) e aqueles que reconheciam o triunfo norte-americano (¿derrotistas¿). Evidentemente os membros da Shindo Renmei eram ¿vitoristas¿. O que tornou o movimento tão controverso foram as ameaças e assassinatos praticados contra os ¿derrotistas¿. A incompreensão sobre semelhante violência restringiu a organização a um simples surto de fanatismo ultranacionalista. Essa interpretação do movimento tornou-se comum no imaginário social e ainda pode ser localizada em boa parte da literatura sobre o tema. Na tentativa de contribuir para uma melhor compreensão sobre o assunto, a presente pesquisa visa a oferecer uma outra abordagem ao movimento. Pretendemos interpretar a Shindo Renmei como uma defesa narcísica. Para tanto, trabalharemos com aspectos da história, do Japão e da vida dos imigrantes japoneses no Brasil, que contribuíram para a formação de estruturas narcísicas.Quando a organização nega o desfecho da guerra e ataca a ala ¿derrotista¿ utiliza-se de um mecanismo de negação da realidade, na tentativa de preservar a estrutura psíquica de seus membros. Um ¿Narciso¿ que, por não admitir antagonismos na sua realidade fantasiada, foi capaz, até mesmo, de matar aquilo que lhe era diferente / Abstract: The Shindo Renmei moviment (Subjects Path League) arised during the Second World War, inside the japanese colony in Brazil. Initially, it was conceived to celebrate the japanese Empire virtues and to cultivate patriotic values among the colonials. Its first activities date from 1942, however its from 1945 that the organization became consolidated and accomplished its most polemic actions.With the end of the war, intensified, inside the colony, the antagonism between the ones who defended the japanese victory (¿victorianists¿) and the others who recognized the north american triumph (¿defeatists¿). Evidently the Shindo Renmei members were ¿vitoristas/victorianists¿. What made the moviment so controversial were the menaces and homicides against the ¿derrotistas/defeatists¿. The incomprehension over such violence has restricted the organization to a simple outbreak of ultra-nationalist fanaticism. This interpretation of the moviment became common in the social imaginary and still can be found in a large part of the literature on this theme. In an attempt to contribute towards a better comprehension of the subject, the present research aims to offer a different approach to the moviment. We intend to interpret the Shindo Renmei as a narcissistic defense. In this way, we will work with aspects of history, of Japan and of japanese immigrant's life in Brazil, which have contributed towards the development of narcissistic structures.When the organization denies the conclusion of the war and attacks the ¿derrotista/defeatist¿ side, it makes use of a reality refusal mechanism, in an attempt to preserve the psychic structure of its members. A ¿Narcissus¿ that, because of not admiting antagonisms towards his illusory reality, was even able to kill what was different to him / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

O narcisismo tem sido considerado um dos diferenciais da geração atual, caracterizada pela valorização da realização individual privada e por um exibicionismo acentuado. Nesse contexto, embora certas doses de narcisismo estejam presentes em todos os seres humanos, é o perigo de excesso que conduz às interpretações negativas acerca do conceito. Quando se avaliam especificamente estudantes universitários, os ditos \"futuros líderes\", traços narcisistas em excesso podem estar associados a dificuldades de aprendizagem. Estudantes que buscam gratificações imediatas, como é o caso de indivíduos narcisistas, não se envolvem plenamente em suas atividades acadêmicas. Aqueles que não procuram aconselhamento e não interagem de forma construtiva com professores, também um aspecto característico da personalidade narcisista, podem ter seu desempenho acadêmico afetado negativamente. Ainda, alunos que superestimam seu desempenho, outra característica presente em indivíduos narcisistas, vivem em uma crença irreal de que se saem melhor do que os demais em atividades distintas, o que pode ser prejudicial no longo prazo, além de resultar em um esforço constante para que tal expectativa se torne real. Do mesmo modo, estudantes excessivamente narcisistas, ao apresentarem dificuldades em lidar com o fracasso, podem se envolver em comportamentos antiéticos em busca de melhor desempenho, o que se torna ainda mais prejudicial quando se tratam de alunos de contabilidade, haja vista que estes, seja no ambiente acadêmico ou no profissional, lidam diretamente com as mais diversas possibilidades de fraude. Tendo por base esse arcabouço teórico, o propósito principal desta pesquisa foi identificar se traços não patológicos de personalidade narcisista em estudantes de graduação do curso de Ciências Contábeis estariam relacionados ao desempenho e à percepção deles acerca da desonestidade. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 153 respondentes pelo método survey. Os achados possibilitaram verificar que quanto maior a pontuação do indivíduo no Inventário de Personalidade Narcisista maior a probabilidade de ele classificar seu desempenho acadêmico (autoavaliado) como superior. No que tange ao desempenho real dos estudantes, observa-se que o narcisismo não exerce influência sobre ele, inferindo-se que indivíduos que apresentam maiores níveis de traços de personalidade narcisista tendem a avaliar seu desempenho como superior; no entanto, o desempenho real não segue a mesma tendência. Observou-se, ainda, que a variável narcisismo não exerce influência sobre a percepção do estudante acerca de atitudes consideradas desonestas no âmbito acadêmico. Constata-se, desse modo, que o fato de determinados estudantes apresentarem tendências narcisistas não significa necessariamente que eles seriam mais propensos a pensar que realizar algum tipo de fraude no ambiente acadêmico é aceitável. Por fim, a variável narcisismo não foi considerada estatisticamente significativa quando da investigação de uma possível associação entre ela e a percepção do estudante acerca de atitudes consideradas desonestas no contexto profissional. O que se verificou foi que discentes mais tolerantes com atitudes desonestas no ambiente acadêmico são também mais tolerantes com este tipo de atitude no contexto profissional. Tal achado possibilita inferências no sentido de que a tomada de decisões antiéticas no passado seria uma forte preditora de fraudes futuras, de forma que existe uma correlação entre o comportamento desonesto na faculdade e o subsequente comportamento antiético no local de trabalho. / Narcissism has been considered one of the differentials of the current generation, characterized by the valorization of private individual achievement and marked by great exhibitionism. In this context, although certain doses of narcissism are present in all human beings, the danger of excess leads to negative interpretations about the concept. When university students, so-called \"future leaders\", are specifically evaluated, excessive narcissistic traits may be associated with learning difficulties. Students, who seek immediate gratification, such as narcissistic individuals, are not fully involved in their academic activities. Those who do not seek counseling and do not interact constructively with teachers, which is also a characteristic feature of the narcissistic personality, may have their academic performance negatively affected. Furthermore, students who overestimate their performance, another characteristic present in narcissistic individuals, live in an unrealistic belief that they do better than others in distinct activities, which can be detrimental in the long term, in addition to result in a constant effort so that such expectation becomes real. Likewise, overly narcissistic students, when facing difficulties in dealing with failure, may engage in unethical behavior in searching better performance. This fact becomes even more detrimental, regarding Accounting Sciences course students, since they deal directly with the most diverse possibilities of fraud in academic or professional environment. On the basis of this theoretical framework, the main purpose of this research was to identify if non-pathological traits of narcissistic personality in undergraduate students of the Accounting Sciences course would be related to their performance and their perception about dishonesty. The study sample consisted of one hundred fifty-three respondents by survey method. Results allowed checking that the higher the individual\'s score on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the greater the probability he rates his academic performance as higher. Regarding students\' actual performance, it is observed that narcissism does not influence on them, which can be concluded that individuals with higher levels of narcissistic personality traits tend to evaluate their performance as superior; however, the actual performance does not follow the same trend. It was also observed that the narcissism variable does not influence the student\'s perception about attitudes considered dishonest in the academic environment. Thus, it is found that the fact that certain students exhibit narcissistic tendencies does not necessarily mean that they would be more likely to think that conducting some kind of fraud in the academic environment is acceptable. Finally, the narcissism variable was not considered statistically significant, when investigating its possible association with the student\'s perception about attitudes considered dishonest in the professional context. It was verified that more tolerant students with dishonest attitudes in the academic environment are also more tolerant with this type of attitude in the professional context. Such finding enables inferences in the sense that unethical decision making in the past would be a strong predictor of future fraud, so that there is a correlation between dishonest behavior in college and subsequent unethical behavior in the workplace.

A teoria freudiana não é um corpo imutável, grandes e importantes alterações são percebidas na sua obra e um exemplo desse quadro é a passagem da primeira para a segunda teoria do aparelho psíquico. Existiram vários fatores que contribuíram para essa mudança teórica, dos quais é possível destacar o narcisismo. Dessa maneira, a presente dissertação objetiva compreender como o desenvolvimento do conceito freudiano de narcisismo impactou a passagem do primeiro para a segundo modelo de aparelho psíquico. A pesquisa realizada foi teórico-conceitual de caráter bibliográfico e empreendeu uma revisão histórica de certos elementos da teoria freudiana. A discussão se organiza a partir de três pontos interligados: 1) a elaboração do primeiro modelo de aparelho psíquico no interior da Interpretação dos sonhos, 2) o desenvolvimento do conceito de narcisismo entre 1910 e 1923 e 3) o papel desse conceito para a proposição do segundo modelo de aparelho psíquico em O ego e o id. O final do processo investigativo permite afirmar que a contribuição do narcisismo para a instauração da segunda tópica se deu prioritariamente a partir de duas vias: na alteração das figuras que compunham o conflito psíquico e na estruturação das instâncias que compõem a segunda tópica / The Freudian theory is not an immutable body, substantial and important alterations are perceived in his work and an example of this is the passage from the first to the second theory of the psychic apparatus. There were various factors that contributed for this theoretical change, from which it is possible to highlight the narcissism. Thus, the present dissertation aims to understand how the development of the Freudian concept of narcissism impacted the passage from the first to the second model of psychic apparatus. The research made was of a theoretical-conceptual bibliographical character and undertook a historical revision of certain elements of the Freudian theory. The discussion is organized from three interconnected points: 1) the elaboration of the first model of the psychic apparatus inside The Interpretation of Dreams, 2) the development of the narcissism concept between 1910 and 1923 and 3) the role of this concept for the proposition of the second model of psychic apparatus in The Ego and the Id. The end of the investigative process makes it possible to affirm that the contribution of narcissism to the establishment of the second topic was promoted predominantly from two ways: in the alteration of the figures that composed the psychic conflict and in the structuralization of the elements that compose the second topic

Este trabalho versa sobre uma reflexão acerca de algumas questões atuais que envolvem o sujeito contemporâneo a partir de uma compreensão histórica e psicanalítica, enfatizando a experiência corpórea, de sua relação com a pele e com o adoecimento. Nosso propósito foi o de investigar as implicações contemporâneas na constituição da subjetividade diante do processo de adoecimento dermatológico. Utilizamos o método clínico-qualitativo de pesquisa apoiado na teoria psicanalítica para a análise dos dados. Foram analisados os discursos de 3 pacientes, em tratamento dermatológico ambulatorial de um hospital, em que utilizamos a entrevista semidirigida para a apreensão do discurso do paciente e, posteriormente, foram realizadas a análise do conteúdo temático e latente com o objetivo de compreender o significado simbólico apresentado sujeito doente diante do adoecimento. Chama-nos a atenção, em especial, a experiência cotidiana do sujeito na sua convivência com a doença. O narcisismo, enquanto conceito psicanalítico, apresentou um recurso fundamental para compreender o sofrimento do sujeito diante das demandas psíquicas versadas sob a perspectiva do ideal de eu. A pele, entendida enquanto limite e continência do eu, mostra uma importante interface entre o eu e o outro. Com a falência dos ideais sociais, passa a existir um primado dos ideais narcísicos e da corpolatria. Os modelos de beleza produzidos na cultura são tomados como ideais e determinam padrões estéticos que são incorporados pelo sujeito. Consequentemente, a doença e, em especial, no nosso estudo, a dermatose traz um sofrimento ampliado ao paciente dermatológico por esse distar do ideal de beleza e sedução contemporâneo, fazendo com que ele passe a conviver com o sentimento de diferente e de excluído. O adoecimento, enquanto característica própria da condição humana, é vivido como interdição das demandas por satisfação, e se ocupa do papel de frustrar o sujeito no seu projeto de felicidade e busca da perfeição narcísica / This work is about reflections concerning some actual questions which are raised with contemporary subjects based on a comprehension of history and psychoanalytics, stress of the physical experience; and the relationship of skin and falling ill. It is proposed to investigate the contemporary implications in subjective organization prior to the suffering dermatologic. A qualitative-clinical method of inquiry using psychoanalytic theory as the foundation of analysis of data is utilized. By analysis of discourse of 3 ambulatory patients in hospital dermatologic treatment, and semi-directive interviews concerning the suffering reported by patients, and later, conducting a latent theme content analysis with the objective of understanding the symbolic significance as shown by subjects becoming ill. Special attention is called to the daily experience of subjects in relationship to their illness. Whereas the narcissistic concept psychoanalytically presents to be how the basic complaint is the daily experience of the subject, in relationship to illness; before the demand of psychic versions under the perspective of the ideal self. The skin is understood to limit the contingence of display, and is thus an important interface between the inner, and outer self. With failure of the social ideal, there is the existence of the primary ideal of narcissistic physical projection. Our models of beauty are produced by a culture which takes sound ideals and determines esthetic requirements that are embodied by subjects as to how skin should appear. Consequently, an illness, and especially in the study, a dermatologic condition, carries amplified suffering for dermatology patients for that difference between the ideal of contemporary beauty and seductiveness, and how one passes and lives with feelings of difference and exclusion. Whereas traits of suffering are properly a part of the human condition; lived as interdiction; and life, the how of the interdiction of the demands for satisfaction, and the frustration of subjects as they project happiness, and find perfection in narcissism, are subjects of the paper

A indiferença é uma marca de nossa cultura que envolve noções de desprezo, falta de interesse, e apatia. Verificamos também a emergência de uma supervalorização da indiferença enquanto possibilidade de desafetação frente ao sofrimento, próprio ou do outro, relacionada a um estatuto de poder frente aos demais. Avançando em relação à inclusão em categorias meramente pejorativas, pretendemos sustentar que a indiferença é uma atitude em relação a algo. Uma vez que chega ao psicanalista via sofrimento psíquico, observamos que o tema convoca uma investigação no campo de pesquisa em psicanálise. Apostando que a psicanálise carrega em si um saber sobre as possibilidades de tratamento e reposicionamento dos sujeito frente ao desejo, este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma investigação acerca da indiferença como modalidade de sofrimento de nossa época, mobilizando a rede conceitual psicanalítica de Freud e Lacan por diversas vias que nos instrumentalizem na construção de hipóteses sobre possíveis estatutos da indiferença no campo clínico/político. Entendemos sua incidência dentro de um contexto político marcado por um narcisismo generalizado dentro do neoliberalismo, que produz uma lógica de exclusão e negação da diferença, como também uma indiferenciação dos sujeitos dentro da massa. A indiferença entra em cena articulada aos diferentes processos da constituição subjetiva, lida através das noções de indiferenciação, identificação e alienação. A presença da indiferença na atualidade é marcada por faces diversas, que atuam de modo intrincado. A fixação em identidades rígidas relega ao sujeito uma precariedade em relação ao reconhecimento da diferença, culminando em situações extremas de ódio e fanatismo. Uma profunda vinculação aos ditames de nossa época contribui para emergência de indivíduos intolerantes ao encontro com o estranho de si e do outro, além de efetuar indiferenças valorizadas como sinônimo de sucesso da autorrealização. A indiferença depressiva se coloca na contramão da lógica do mercado, o que a faz não desejada no contexto social. Diante disto concluímos que a psicanálise pode tratar do que dói na indiferença não oferecendo consistência às demandas de aumento de autocontrole e ideais de isolamento, mas auxiliando na produção de indiferenças necessárias frente a hipereatividade às diferenças / Indifference is a mark of our culture that involves the notions of contempt, lack of interest, and apathy. We can also see the emergence of indifference regarded as a possibility of disengagement, either a persons own suffering or from the suffering of others, related to a status of power over others. Moving forward in relation to the inclusion of indifference in merely pejorative categories, we intend to maintain that indifference is an attitude toward something. Once indifference is presented to the psychoanalyst through a patients psychic suffering, we observe that the theme calls for an investigation in the field psychoanalytic research. Considering that psychoanalysis carries within itself a knowledge about the possibilities of treatment and repositioning of the subject in front of his desire, this work aims to carry out an investigation about the indifference as a modality of suffering of our time, mobilizing the conceptual psychoanalytic network of Freud and Lacan, by various means that can instrumentalize us in the construction of hypotheses about possible statutes of indifference in the clinical / political field. We understand its incidence within a political context marked by generalized narcissism within neoliberalism, which produces a logic of exclusion and denial of difference, as well as an indifferentiation of the subjects within the mass. The indifference enters the scene articulated to the different processes of the subjective constitution, read through the notions of indifference, identification and alienation. The presence of indifference today is marked by diverse aspects, which act in an intricate way. The fixation on rigid identities relegates the subject to a precariousness regarding the recognition of the difference, culminating in extreme situations of hatred and fanaticism. A deep attachment to the dictates of our time contributes to the emergence of intolerant individuals in the encounter with the stranger within themselves and others, as well as effecting indifference as a valued synonymous to success and self-realization. Depressive indifference is set against the market logic, which makes it unwanted in the social context. From this we conclude that psychoanalysis can deal with what hurts in indifference, not offering consistency to the demands of increased self-control and ideals of isolation, but rather helping in the production of necessary indifference in the face of hyper-reactivity in face of differences

This thesis reviews both psychological and neural research in the fields of self-evaluation, self-views and self-enhancement bias. The research has made associations to grandiosity and need for admiration, which are two of the defining characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder. Neural correlates associated with this research are the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posteromedial cortex and anterior insula. Narcissists have been seen to have a decreased form of emotional empathy even though they rate themselves to have higher emotional empathy than they actually have, which is linked to self-enhancement bias and grandiosity. Alexithymia has not gained much attention in relation to narcissism, but research presented suggests that this might need to change. Neural correlates that are associated with lack of emotional empathy and alexithymia are the anterior insula, frontoparalimbic areas and the medial prefrontal cortex. Narcissistic personality disorder is in the DSM-5 specified to be defined by a grandiose sense of self, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy in either fantasy or behavior. However according to researchers in the field this only covers a part of the spectrum of narcissism. Deficits in the DSM-5 will he highlighted, as well as suggestions on what to do in order to help clarify the definition in DSM-5 and the concept in general.

No description available.