Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников и приложения. Во введении обоснована актуальность темы исследования, поставлена цель и определены задачи, выделен объект и предмет, обозначена научная новизна, представлена методологическая и информационная база, а также раскрыта практическая значимость. В первой главе анализируются работы ряда отечественных и зарубежных экономистов. Изучены проблемы экспорта и импорта ПИИ. Рассмотрены современные методы стимулирования и регулирования поступления прямых иностранных инвестиций в экономику страны. Во второй главе проводится практический анализ факторов привлекательности ПИИ, оцениваются конкурентные преимущества привлечения инвестиций в развитые и развивающиеся страны, проводится анализ показателей, влияющих на приток ПИИ. Третья глава включает такие аспекты, выявление проблем привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций на примере стран США и Бразилии, предложены пути совершенствования инвестиционного климата, а также рассмотрены возможности применения международного опыта привлечения ПИИ для России. В заключении сформированы основные выводы. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used and appendices. In the introduction, the relevance of the research topic is justified, the goal is set and the tasks are defined, the object and subject are highlighted, the scientific novelty is indicated, the methodological and information base is presented, and the practical significance is disclosed. The first chapter analyzes the work of a number of domestic and foreign economists. The problems of export and import of FDI have been studied. Modern methods of stimulating and regulating the flow of foreign direct investment into the country's economy are considered. The second chapter provides a practical analysis of the factors of the attractiveness of FDI, assesses the competitive advantages of attracting investment to developed and developing countries, analyzes the indicators that affect the inflow of FDI. The third chapter includes such aspects as the identification of problems of attracting foreign direct investment on the example of the USA and Brazil, the ways to improve the investment climate are proposed, and the possibilities of applying international experience in attracting FDI for Russia are considered. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formed.

Uppsatsen undersöker hur socialt arbetsintegrerande företag påverkar samhällets ekonomi genom att identifiera hur kommun, landsting, försäkringskassan och arbetsförmedlingen påverkas av verksamheten. Använd metod är ett socioekonomiskt bokslut över ett av de största socialt arbetsintegrerande företagen i Norrköping; Prosanitas AB. Djupintervjuer med deltagarna på det socialt arbetsintegrerande företaget genomförs med målet att ta reda på hur relationen med de identifierade aktörerna har förändrats före och efter de började i företaget. Medelvärden från intervjustudien analyseras tillsammans med offentliga prislistor från de identifierade aktörerna för att omvandla de externa effekterna till monetära enheter. Resultatet visar att samhällsvinsten är 18 gånger högre än den företagsekonomiska vinsten samt att samhällsvinsten per deltagare är ungefär 83 000 kronor årligen. Slutsatsen är att socialt arbetsintegrerande företag är samhällsekonomiskt lönsamma, dock förlorar kommunen marginellt på verksamheten. Policyimplikationen som kan dras av studien är att ett regelverk eller en klassificering behövs för att kunna urskilja seriösa från oseriösa aktörer på marknaden. Vilket skulle minska agentkostnaden för olika myndigheter och företag och på så sätt även få dem att våga investera i socialt arbetsintegrerande företag, något som i sin tur ökar samhällsnyttan. Nyckelord: Socialt Arbetsintegrerande Företag, Socioekonomiskt Bokslut, Norrköpings Kommun, Samhällskalkyl, / This study investigates how social enterprises affect the national economy by identifying the influence of the country council, the municipality, the health insurance office and the employment bureau. The method used is a cost benefit analysis, applied on one of the largest social enterprises in Norrköping; Prosanitas AB. In-depth interviews with enterprise participants are performed in order to investigate how their relationship with the identified actors has changed before and after they entered the enterprise. The mean values that emerged from the interviews are analyzed with public price lists from the identified external actors, in order to transform the effects into monetary units. The analysis shows that social profit is 18 times higher than the business profit and that the social profit per participant is approximately 83 000 SEK a year. The conclusion states that social enterprises are economically profitable, however, the municipality loses marginally. The policy implication indicates that a set of rules or classification is needed to distinguish serious from unserious companies. This would reduce agent costs for agencies and companies, providing them opportunity to invest in social enterprises. Key words: Social Enterprises, Cost Benefit Analysis, Norrköping, Sweden, National Economy, Prosanitas

The main purpose of this study is to focus on Korean outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in the automotive industry of the Czech and Slovak Republic, and to analyze consequences of Hyundai Motors investment for the Czech national economy. In doing so, this study is divided into the three parts. First theoretical part is concentrated on examination of current trend of FDI flows, its impact on developing and host countries, and theories and models of FDI. Second part is focused on analysis of consequences of investment policy generally. Final part is analyzing Korean, Slovak and Czech automotive industry and the impact of Hyundai Motor Company investment decision for the Czech Republic

Cette thèse examine la bourgeoisie musulmane-turque marchande et industrielle, dans la période de la fondation de la République en Turquie. L’argument principal de cette étude consiste à prouver que les commerçants et les entrepreneurs musulmans-turcs dans les années 1920 constituaient une classe sociale qui cherchait à dominer économiquement, socialement et politiquement. Au début de la République, les commerçants et industriels musulman-turcs constituaient une classe qui possédait une culture et une idéologie commune, une vision englobante sur l'économie du pays. D'une part, cette étude révèle la composition interne de cette classe, les secteurs d'activité dont ses membres s'occupaient, leurs sources de richesse, leurs voies de développement. D'autre part, cette thèse révèle le rôle que joue cette classe sociale dans les années 1920 avec leurs demandes et leurs préoccupations, leur idéologie et leurs affiliations politique. / This thesis aims at demonstrate that Muslim-Turkish merchants and entrepreneurs in Turkey in the 1920’s constituted a social class, namely the national “bourgeoisie” of the country, seeking to dominate economically, socially and politically. At the beginning of the Republic, the Muslim-Turkish merchants and industrialists constituted a class which had a common culture and ideology, and a vision regarding the economy of the country in general. On one hand, this study reveals the internal composition of this class, its components, the business sectors they dealt with, the sources of their wealth and their paths of development, whereas on the other hand, it presents the role that this social class played in the 1920’s by focusing on their economic and political organizations, their demands and concerns, their ideology and political affiliations and finally on their relationship with the political power.

This study compares the National Economy concept as it is employed in Friedrich List&rsquo / s works with its theoretical reflections among Ottoman intelligentsia, particularly in Ziya G&ouml / kalp. The effects of National Economy on the Ottoman thought is examined by bearing in mind two journals: T&uuml / rk Yurdu and Iktisadiyat Mecmuasi. The field of application of National Economy is explicated by an analysis of the first steps towards industrialization, especially after the Young Turk Revolution of 1908. It attempts to find answers to the questions as to how and to what degree the theoretical development of National Economy affected the Ottoman economic policies implemented.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contributions of the sections (NACE-CZ) to the creation of gross value added. The first part of this thesis described the theoretical concepts relating to national economic gross value added. Analytical processes were used for the calculations, which may be used only if we are dealing with an additive link between individual factors. The sections' contributions to the creation of national eco-nomic gross value added were evaluated in the practical part, on the basis of the proc-esses set forth in the methodology. In the given time horizon, contributions by institu-tional sectors and groups of sections classified according to the level of technology showed a certain dependency on the actual economic cycle. Although the strongest in-stitutional sector is non-financial enterprises, they were the ones most affected during the crisis period, together with government institutions. On the contrary, the financial institution sector showed a strong position during the crisis period. In terms of the grouping of the sections according to the level of technology, the greatest contribution to national economic gross value added is by groups B1 and B2. The influence of the economic cycle was noted in all the groups but, according to the results, group C did not react quite as sensitively as the other groups.

The goal of this thesis is to picture the economic behavior of institutional sectors in non-financial corporations, households and government institutions during years 1995 -- 2007. The analysis focuses on selected institutional sectors from the Czech Republic and Slovakia; for a wilder comparison are also included two developed West-European countries -- France and Switzerland. It is based mainly on a data analysis of the national accounts and it is pointing out the problems connected to its outcomes. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is dealing with the history of national accounts, development of international standards in the selected countries and its comparison; it is also defining each of the institutional sectors and summarizes economic development of these countries. The second part examines the outcomes from the sectors of the non-financial corporations based on national accounting's regular accounts, and on proprietorial accounts. The third part is considering the households and analyzing specific indicators related to the households. The fourth part is related to the earnings, expenditures, and outcomes of the government operating. In the end the indicators of each institutional sector in some other European countries are also looked at.

Social entrepreneurship is an innovative solution to increasing social problems related to unemployment and its inseparable social impact, such as social exclusion of persons that are disadvantaged in terms of labour market access. In spite of the fact that the law of the Czech Republic lacks a legal framework of social entrepreneurship (the term of social enterprise as such is not legally based nor defined), there are many local activists who make effort to change this state of inequality, using social enterprises as a means of generating new workplaces for people handicapped in terms of entering an open labour market. The main practical goal of the thesis I hereby present is to help those social entrepreneurs with creating more sustainable organisation structure of their businesses. The first part of my thesis is dedicated to explaining basic concepts and charting a theoretical framework of the research. In the second part I focus on the results of empirical research regarding social enterprise operation. The results may serve as practical advice on organisation structure optimisation in the field of gastronomy. Keywords Social enterprise, subjects of national economy, social economy, persons disadvantaged in terms of labour market access, organisation structure.

The objective of this diploma thesis is to process an analysis of financial supervision in the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Spain and Italy with special attention to banking industry which is the most influent part of the financial market in all countries. Besides this major analysis, the economic growth analysis for years 2000 to 2014 (2015) is made in every country. The very last step is a comparison of supervision systems and their connection to economic performance of countries. Conclusions bring the answer for my question: whether the economic condition (since 2000 until now) depends on the system of financial supervision in European countries. The theoretical part consists of chapters about the theory of national economy, financial markets, where there are basic theoretical concepts explained, market functions and market division. Last but not least, the theory of financial supervision is analyzed: what is the essence, legal framework, what is the supervision purpose and what are the goals of supervisors. Firstly, there should also be the theory of central banking but it does not make any sense to explain this theory here since central banks are not the main supervisor authorities of financial markets (except the Czech Republic, but also here the policies are separated). The practical part involves six subchapters, everyone is devoted to one state (the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Italy), the very last subchapter is about the comparison and analysis of results. In every state the history of financial market is processed together with institutional areas after 2000, legal framework and the analysis of supervision activity with special attention to capital, liquidity and resilience to shocks. European growth is analyzed according to GDP, inflation rate, unemployment, wage growth and GDP per capita in comparison with EU (28) and EA (19). The research brings the results that there is a connection between financial supervision and economic growth.

Глобализация охватывает все новые сферы и меняет суть привычных явлений. Характерной чертой современного этапа развития мирового хозяйства является формирование и распространение трансграничных цепочек стоимости (глобальных и региональных). Одной из мало изученных сфер остается вопрос об интеграции национальной экономики в трансграничных цепочках стоимости в условиях глобализации. На сегодняшний день странам со слабой экономикой как Республика Таджикистан важнейшим источником роста конкурентоспособности отраслей является стимулирование участия в глобальных цепочках стоимости на этапе их формирования. Для этого необходима выработка специфических рекомендаций. Объектом исследования является национальная экономика Республики Таджикистан. Предмет исследования – степень включенности и направление развития национальной экономики в глобальной среде трансграничных цепочек добавленной стоимости. Цель данной работы – формирование теоретико-методических основ и разработка рекомендаций по выстраиванию национальной экономики Республики Таджикистан в трансграничные цепочки стоимости. Во введении обоснована актуальность, цель и задачи исследования. В первой главе рассмотрены сущность и понятие среды трансграничных цепочек стоимости. Изучена концепция национальной экономики в условиях глобализации. Во второй главе проведена комплексная оценка место страны в мировой хозяйственной среде на основании международных индексов, была предложена авторская методика. На основании авторской методики было выявлено участие страны в фрагментации цепочки создания стоимости. В третьей главе проведён мониторинг мнения экспертов, SWOT – анализ о присоединение Республики Таджикистан в ЕАЭС, как способ более глубокого интегрирования в воспроизводственных процессах. А также было изучено несколько Государственных Программ Республики Таджикистан. В Заключении авторами было предложено несколько рекомендаций по поводу дальнейшего развития национальной экономики Республики Таджикистан в трансграничные цепочки стоимости. / Globalization covers all new areas and changes the essence of familiar phenomena. A characteristic feature of the current stage of development of the world economy is the formation and distribution of cross-border value chains (global and regional). One of the little studied areas remains the issue of integrating the national economy in cross-border value chains in the context of globalization. To date, countries with a weak economy as the Republic of Tajikistan, the most important source of growth in the competitiveness of industries is the promotion of participation in global value chains at the stage of their formation. It requires the development of specific recommendations. The object of the research is the national economy of the Republic of Tajikistan. The subject of research is the degree of inclusion and direction of development of the national economy in the global environment of cross-border value chains. The purpose of the work is the formation of theoretical and methodological foundations and the development of recommendations for implementing the national economy of the Republic of Tajikistan into cross-border value chains. The introduction substantiates the relevance, purpose and objectives of the research. The first chapter discusses the nature and concept of the environment of cross-border value chains. The concept of the national economy in the context of globalization is studied. In the second chapter, a comprehensive assessment of the country's place in the world economic environment on the basis of international indices is carried out; there proposed the methodology based on the author’s methodology, the country's participation in the fragmentation of the value chain is revealed. The third chapter monitors the opinions of experts, SWOT analyzes on the accession of the Republic of Tajikistan to the EAEU as a way of deeper integration in reproduction processes. And also several State Programs of the Republic of Tajikistan are studied. In conclusion, the authors propose several recommendations regarding the further development of the national economy of the Republic of Tajikistan in cross-border value chains.