【中 文 摘 要】 博物館功能主要為「展示、教育、研究、典藏」，其中「展示」為博物館與大眾接觸最直接的方式。在現代科技發展中，「展示」的觀念與形式也有所改變，互動式展示日受重視，虛擬呈現的比例亦逐漸加重。 本研究以「國立海洋生物博物館」之BOT專案「世界水域館」《深海水域》電子展示設計為主題，以實務個案為例，探討自然博物館如何規劃與製作深海水域的生態展演，與如何利用〝虛擬實境〞、〝人工智慧〞與〝即時運算〞等尖端技術，架構出「世界第一」無水水族館的展示模式。 往昔自然生態展示以活體展示為主，即複製生態空間讓水中生物悠遊水族箱內。但為了超越時空，讓全球代表生態皆能集中於特定展示館內，遂有電子展示的觀念與製作，以擬仿物取代真實，創造尚‧布希亞的「超真實」世界。 本研究於製程的影音紀錄與相關人員的訪談中，歸納、整理出發展生態電子展示設計的因素與理想，探討製作上的困難之處，同時也以研究者觀點對展示設計過程提出檢討與建議。 深海水域生態在陸地上展示係屬跨越時空的創舉，本個案不但為台灣首例，在世界上亦為先驅。創新嘗試，成果雖不如預期，但以整個專案的具體呈現而言，實為相關領域之前鋒。本研究認為，整理與探討本個案，對未來電子展示設計與製作皆有參考價值；同時，由本個案所建置的生態電子展示平台，亦為台灣博物館界提供國際化的新思維，對博物館未來的展示設計奠定了新的基礎，創造一個新的開始。 / Abstract The main functions of museums are demonstration/exhibition, education, research and collection/preservation. “Exhibition” provides the most direct link between a museum and the public. As modern science and technology continue to develop, the concepts and formats of “exhibition” have also evolved. Interactive exhibits become more valued, and virtual simulation approaches have also increased in proportion. The focus of this research study is the electronic display design for the Waters of the World – BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) Project, pioneered by the National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium. This study uses this project as a case study to explore how a Nature museum planned and produced an exhibit of The Deep Sea waters ecology, and with the use of the most advanced technology such as VR (Virtual Reality), AI (Artificial Intelligence), and the “real-time operation,” etc., how the museum built the world’s first protocol for a water-less aquarium. In the past, ecological exhibits mainly constituted real living creatures, by duplicating the ecological environment necessary for underwater creatures to survive in an aquarium. But, in order to go beyond the limitation of space and time, and to facilitate the presentation of global ecology within a specific exhibition space, the electronic display concept and production has thus been introduced. It is to imitate reality and create a world of hyper-reality, as depicted by Jean Baudrillard. Relying on historical video and audio records, and actual interviews with key people on the project, this research study summarized factors and objectives of the original design, and discussed difficulties encountered in the production process. In addition, the study also provided input and recommendations concerning the design process. The exhibition of The Deep Sea waters ecology on land is a pioneering act, second to none. The case is not only a 1st in Taiwan, but also a 1st of its kind in the world. Although the new attempt has not exactly achieved the expected outcomes, it did initiate a pioneering work within ecology demo field. The researcher believes that the case study is a valuable reference for future electronic display design and production. In the meantime, the ecological electronic-platform created by this project provides an international perspective, and establishes a new milestone for further development in the future.

En France, après une longue période d'accumulation silencieuse dans les institutions publiques patrimoniales, la photographie fait l'objet de politiques d'enrichissement spécifiques, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, qui influent sur l'évolution de son statut. Dès la fin des années 1930, les responsables du cabinet des Estampes de la Bibliothèque nationale engagent un processus de réévaluation où le médium photographique est enfin considéré comme objet de collection. S'engage alors un programme d'enrichissement audacieux selon une voie duale, documentaire et artistique, où la Bibliothèque nationale ambitionne de devenir un musée de la photographie, le premier en France. En plus de la photographie documentaire qui reste une priorité, l'intérêt des conservateurs se porte d'une part, sur les grands ensembles de photographies du XIXe siècle en vue d'initier une histoire de la photographie sur le modèle de l'histoire de l'art; et d'autre part, sur les auteurs contemporains. La démarche est pionnière et durable, mais elle n'est pas suffisante pour faire reconnaître la photographie comme un art à l'échelle nationale. Près de quarante ans plus tard, en 1976, le secrétariat aux Affaires culturelles s'empare enfin des questions photographiques, mais les quatre directions ministérielles concernées par la photographie réagissent de manière inégale. Dans un environnement photographique qui évolue vers une orientation culturelle, des collections nationales sont créées à la Fondation nationale de la Photographie à Lyon (FNP), au musée national d'Art moderne (MNAM), au Fonds national d'Art contemporain (FNAC) et au musée d'Orsay; et la photographie est enfin reconnue comme un art. Dans les années 1980, sous l'effet conjugué du «Mois de la Photo» de la Ville de Paris et de la politique en faveur de l'art contemporain développée par le ministère de Jack Lang, un des événements artistiques majeurs de la fin du XXe siècle prend forme : la photographie entre dans le champ des arts plastiques. / Photography in France, after a long period of silent accumulation in public cultural institutions, became the object of specific collecting in the second half of the twentieth century. This had a bearing on its status. From the late 1930s onwards, curators in the print cabinet of the Bibliothèque Nationale in a process of re-evaluation at last came to consider the photograph as an object for collection. They set out therefore on a daring collection program with a double focus: documentation and artistic quality. With this the BN declared its ambition to become the leading museum of photography in France. Alongside documentary photographs, which remain a priority, conservatorial interest centered on both large groups of 19th century photographs intended to inaugurate a history of photography modeled on art history, and on contemporary creators. This was a pioneering, and durable approach, but insufficient for a recognition of photography as a national art. Some forty years later, in 1976, the secretariat of Cultural Affairs took over questions concerning photography. But the four ministerial branches concerned by photography reacted in an unequal manner. In a photographic environment evolving towards a cultural orientation, national collections were initiated at the Fondation National de la Photographie, Lyon (FNP), in the Musée National de I' Art Contemporain (MNAM), at the Fonds National d'Art Contemporain (FNAC) and at the Musée d'Orsay. At last photography was recognized as an art. During the 1980s, thanks to the combined effect of the City of Paris, 'Month of the photo', and the favorable policy towards contemporary art of Jack Lang's ministry, one of the major artistic events of the late 20th century took place: photography entered the realm of the plastic arts.

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CASTLE LIBRARY OF OTTO JR. OF NOSTITZ IN JAWOR The library of Otto Jr. of Nostitz was founded in the beginning of the 1650's in the Lower Silesian castle Jawor. It consists approximately of 5 000 volumes and its structure as well as its history makes it unique and elevates the Jawor library among the most interesting book collections of early modern Europe. Shortly after death of its founder, the library was bought by Otto's brother Johann Hartwig of Nostitz and moved to the newly built palace in Malá Strana in Prague where it laid the foundations of the new family library of the house of Nostitz. The library is placed in two rooms on the second floor till today. The thesis tries to introduce the personality of the founder of the Jawor library Otto Jr. of Nostitz, his tastes in the book purchase as well as the topical structure of his book collection and its future fates. Notwithstanding, the main point of the doctor thesis is to present the issues of the thorough provenance research of the oldest part of the library. The terminus ante quem for the year of edition of the books relevant for the provenance research marks out the death of Otto Jr. in the year 1665. The most recent and complete catalogue of the Nostitz library in the present use dates back to the 19th century and shows remarkable leaks and...