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The purpose of this study was to investigate and foster corporate citizenship (CC) in the SA taxi industry. The primary objective of this study was to foster corporate citizenship in the South African taxi industry by investigating the determinants that would increase CC in the SA taxi industry. The study gathered quantitative information about CC, identified which factors influence CC in the taxi industry and investigated which of these factors are the most important determinants that would increase the CC in the industry in South Africa. This study was intended to contribute to building the body of knowledge for the implementation and fostering of corporate citizenship programs. In particular, the researcher hoped that the framework provided in this study would outline the practical strategies that the taxi organisations should take in developing targeted, long-term partnerships with the communities in which they operate. Convenience sampling was used to select one hundred (100) participants. The response rate was ninety-six percent (96%). The sample was structured to include the directors, deputy directors, senior managers, managers and the drivers of the taxi organisations in twenty-three districts in the Eastern Cape. These participants were taken from the body that incorporates all the taxi associations in Eastern Cape called the Eastern Cape Bus and Business Chamber (ECBTBC). The empirical results revealed that in order to increase corporate citizenship within the SA taxi industry there should be an increase in its human resource management, operations management and the dynamic externalism of its members. The findings also revealed that the social cynicism should be decreased within this industry.

This thesis will examine how the concepts of gender and nation were inextricably linked for Byron, and how this is demonstrated in his poetry through strategies of gendered embodiment. Byron’s complex relationship with and attitudes towards women displays an ambivalence that characterises his representations of England, due to his perception of the British body politic as a “gynocrasy.” This ambivalence was further exacerbated by Byron’s conception of his own masculinity as one in flux. His literary professionalisation and his status as an outmoded aristocrat contributed to these anxieties regarding his masculine subjectivity. Byron’s poetic fame was particularly influenced by the growing importance of women as readers, writers and arbiters of literary taste in early nineteenth century England. The first chapter will explore Byron’s anxiety about this increased influence of women as competitors and consumers in the literary marketplace, and how this threat manifests in his monstrous configurations of the female body and the body politic in his poetry. Chapter 2 investigates the tensions between Byron’s cosmopolitanism and patriotism in the context of his masculine subjectivity and demonstrates how these tensions shaped Byron’s first commercially successful work Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. This chapter also examines how Byron uses this masculine subjectivity in his Turkish Tales in order to assert the authority of his opinions on female sexuality and freedom over those expressed in female-authored works with similarly "exotic" themes. Chapter 3 addresses the post-exilic Byron and how his estrangement from England destabilises his conceptions of subjectivity and influences the poetics of the third canto of CHP. This chapter then goes on to track Byron’s recovery from this disintegration and traces how Byron’s poetic voice takes a new direction in his depictions of gender and nation. He begins to depend more heavily on allegory as a strategy of displacement for his feelings of nostalgia and homesickness and in order to place himself in a national literary tradition, as illustrated in his treatments of women and nation in Don Juan. The fourth and final chapter explores Byron’s feelings towards the domestic and commercial worlds both of which he held as bastions of female authority. Byron examines the ramifications of female influence through the heroines who use sexuality as an assertion of this power against a hapless Juan. This chapter will examine his poem The Island and the poems written just before his death in Greece to demonstrate conclusively how Byron’s struggles to recover his masculine subjectivity are persistently staged as contestations of space.

Magister Legum - LLM / Statelessness is a global human rights problem affecting a vast number of individuals, families and communities worldwide. The concept of statelessness comes to existence as a conflict that was created by international law. Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that everyone has the right to a nationality. Article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides the right to state sovereignty. The latter article thus allows states to enact laws conferring nationality as it deems fit, even if such laws offend the former article. In addition, this phenomenon affects men and women differently, something which international law fails to take proper cognisance of. This causes the failure of properly being able to regulate the issue of statelessness. Furthermore, the failure at law stumps the growth of women by be destabilising and disempowering it. While Article 9 of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women provides that there should be no discrimination between men and women with regard to the acquisition or conferral of nationality. However, there are 27 countries who maintain gender-based discriminatory nationality laws. One of the main reasons for generational statelessness is gender –based discriminatory nationality laws. The problem of statelessness will continue to persist if nothing is done to reform the laws of those countries who maintain the gender-based discriminatory nationality laws. This thesis will examine the legal gaps at international law in addressing the issue of statelessness. It will also look at States that continue to implement nationality laws and practices which are gender discriminatory. This thesis will argue that Article 9 is used as a basis of accountability for violator States who fail to protect women who have been subjected to human rights violations as a result of statelessness. It will also provide recommendations that will aid in acquiring effective change that could ultimately lead to the eradication of statelessness.

This report examines Hip Hop performance in Africa –with a focus on Nigeria- and analyzes how questions of race, racial identity, class and nationality feature in the works of African artists. The Nigerian/African artists themselves label their works “African Hip Hop” and they employ the aesthetics of the US and those of their local communities in their performances. Lately however, a couple of Nigerian artists –D’Banj and P Square- troubled the “African” in “African Hip Hop” by performing with popular African American Hip Hop artists, Snoop Dogg and Akon. It was a transnationalistic move that among other issues reflects the fluidity of identity. The performances in the videos of “Mr Endowed Remix” and “Chop My Money” also reflect identity (re)negotiation in postcolonial performances like Hip Hop. African Hip Hop, already, borrows the spectacles of US Hip Hop to express itself to African audiences. However, its collaboration with the US brings it in contact with various sociological issues -such as the conflation of race, class, gender and social mobility- that surround US Hip Hop. This report attempts a close reading of the meeting of “African Hip Hop” and “US Hip Hop” to understand how race, identity, and agency are negotiated in “African Hip Hop” / text

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Inaug.-Diss.--Tübingen. / Cover title. Lebenslauf. "Literaturangabe": p. 6-8.

Après avoir été un pays d'émigration pendant plus d'un siècle, l'Italie a connu trente ans d'immigrations internationales. Dans ce contexte, la question se pose aujourd'hui de la citoyenneté des jeunes enfants d'immigrés, dans le sens formel d'accès à la nationalité – aujourd'hui fondé sur le droit du sang, et sur un mode d'acquisition iure soli subordonnée à la résidence, à une déclaration de volonté de l'intéressé, et différée à sa majorité – et dans le sens substantiel d'inclusion dans la communauté politique. La thèse a l'objectif d'ouvrir à l'enquête empirique ce concept – central dans la science politique mais également «essentiellement contesté» - dans ses relations aux sphères du national, du religieux et du politique, et de repenser ainsi la question de la citoyenneté nationale. Elle se constitue de deux parties : l'analyse des représentations sociales de la citoyenneté au sein d'un groupe de «jeunes musulmans enfants d'immigrés» dans la ville de Gênes – aboutissant sur la construction de trois «modèles de citoyenneté» ; et une enquête de terrain au sein d'associations dites «de jeunes musulmans» ou « enfants d'immigrés », et au sein de l'Ufficio Cittadinanza del Comune di Genova. L'ethnographie permet de compléter l'analyse en prenant en considération les pratiques et les processus par lesquels différentes significations de la citoyenneté sont négociées par une pluralité d'acteurs au sein de relations de pouvoir. Une approche comparative construisant le cas français comme « cas miroir » permet de mettre en discussion la conception hyper-typée opposant « nation ethnique » et « nation éthique », et de proposer quelques pistes de montée en généralité théorique. / After more than a hundred years of massive emigration and about thirty of immigration, Italy now faces the issue of second generation immigrants' citizenship, both in the sense of the acces to legal status of citizen – now based on ius sanguinis, with the possibility of acquiring the citizenship iure soli at the age of eighteen under the condition of permanent residence and following an expression of intent – and in the substancial sense of inclusion within the political community.This dissertation has the aim to open the concept of citizenship – as central in the political science as it is «essentially contested» - to empirical research, in its connections with national, religious and political spheres, leading to a rethinking of the national citizenship question. It is broadly devided into two parts : in the first, social representations of citizenship among a groupe of «young muslim immigrants children» are analysed, leading to three «models of citizenship»; in the second, a fieldwork within «young muslim immigrants children» associations and within the Citizenship Office of Genoa Municipality is realised. Ethnography permits to complete the analyses by taking into accout practices and processes through wich different meanings of citizenship are negociated, among power relations. A comparative approach adopting the French case as a «mirror» to the Italian one, allows to discuss a stereotyped opposition between «ethnical» and «ethical» nations, and propose a few paths to theoretical generalization.

Magister Legum - LLM / International law explains the significance of the right to a birth certificate,1 birth registration and what it means to be a national of a specific state.2 International law also explains how important the right to birth registration is and how it has historically been connected to the right to nationality.3 Legal scholars have over the years provided insights as to how international and national law can best address the right to birth registration.4 In South Africa the DHA does not issue birth certificates to children born to undocumented non-South Africans or documented non-South Africans with both parents holders of foreign documentation with the exception of non-South Africans with permanent residential permit.

This dissertation endeavours to determine whether the concepts nationality and citizenship are interchangeable, or whether they each mean something very specific. In order to ascertain where the “origin” of using the terms nationality and citizenship interchangeably might have occurred, a closer look at antiquity and its practices is necessitated. The question is also addressed whether a person could be in possession of dual nationality and/or dual citizenship. The desirability of any dual status is also discussed and whether such dual status is to be tolerated and if yes, under which, if any, conditions. / Jurisprudence / LLM