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This report is the third produced by the University of Wisconsin -Parkside's Applied Urban Field School research team regarding the potential effects on Indian cultural resources by the Intermountain Power Project electrical transmission lines. This report focuses on is concerned with the Native American cultural resources found within the revised section of the transmission line corridor.

This is the second of three reports produced for the Intermountain Power Project Native American cultural heritage resource study conducted by Richard Stoffle and members of the University of Wisconsin -Parkside Applied Urban Field School for Applied Conservation Technology, Inc. This report focuses on Southern Paiute cultural resources within the Nevada section of the Intermountain Power Project. This report analyzes what value members of Native American groups historically present in southern Nevada place upon cultural resources that may be adversely affected by construction of the proposed transmission line and associated structures. It does so by describing specific concerns expressed by contemporary Native Americans, and by presenting an ethnohistorical analysis of how intergroup relations and forced Native American demographic and cultural changes have contributed to shaping contemporary values, perceptions and attitudes. The project also conveys Native American recommendations for mitigating adverse impacts of the proposed construction upon their cultural heritage.

This is the first of three reports produced for the Intermountain Power Project Native American cultural heritage resource study conducted by Richard Stoffle and members of the University of Wisconsin -Parkside Applied Urban Field School for Applied Conservation Technology, Inc. This report focuses on Southern Paiute cultural resources within theUtah section of the Intermountain Power Project. This report analyzes what value members of Native American groups historically present in Utah place upon cultural resources that may be adversely affected by construction of the proposed transmission line and associated structures. It does so by describing specific concerns expressed by contemporary Native Americans, and by presenting an ethnohistorical analysis of how intergroup relations and forced Native American demographic and cultural changes have contributed to shaping contemporary values, perceptions and attitudes. The project also conveys Native American recommendations for mitigating adverse impacts of the proposed construction upon their cultural heritage.

The overall objective of the American Indian study is the preparation of a written report focusing on the ethnohistory and contemporary perspectives of selected communities affected by the Old Spanish Trail (OST). The project can be divided into two separate but related parts: (1) a brief history of each community under study and its historic relationship to OST, and (2) a description of contemporary community views of the trail. Of special interest will be any contemporary knowledge related to the role played by the trail (and/or events related to the trail’s history and use) that affected the history and perspective of each community. Also of interest will be any places or resources along the trail that have significant cultural meaning to the subject communities. These are often referred to as “ethnographic resources.” This report describes American Indian responses to various activities along the OST during its pack-train period, which was roughly from 1829 to 1849. The Indian responses are diachronic beginning with the first contacts by Indian people residing on and using traditional Indian trails which were to be used for pack-trains to and from California and culminating decades later when the full impacts of pack-train use had been absorbed and responded to by these proximal Indian peoples. While there were contacts between Indian people and Euro-Americans before 1829, commercial traffic along the OST initiated unprecedented and sustained American Indian natural resource and social impacts. This report describes the places involved and responses received from American Indian tribal representatives during the field visits conducted from June 2006 to June 2007. This report helps both the American Indian tribes and the involved Federal agencies to better understand what kinds of responses have been recorded and what kinds of places have elicited these responses. The following tribes participated in this study: Chemehuevi Indian Tribe, Colorado River Indian Tribe, Las Vegas Paiute Tribe, Moapa Band of Paiute Indians, Pahrump Paiute Tribe, Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, and Southern Indian tribe.

Since 1990, at the direction of Congress, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been developing the Legacy Resource Management Program to enhance DoD's stewardship of cultural and natural resources for which it has responsibilities. The Legacy Program is designed to go beyond compliance with various host nation, Federal, tribal, state, and local historic preservation, religious freedom, and natural resource protection laws, policies, regulations, and guidance. The original Legacy legislation specifically directed the Program to assess the adequacy of DoD's stewardship of Native American resources, for which it may have conservation or management responsibilities either as a major landholder or as a Federal agency whose activities affect traditional Native American values and practices. This report is about Native Americans and their cultural resource relationships with the Department of Defense. This study does not consider the Native American relationships of all 16 Defense agencies that report to the Department of Defense. Instead, the study was restricted to the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps.