Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GALETTI_Gabriela_2013.pdf: 3214753 bytes, checksum: 79d791ca6c91e1967c258a0dd7445051 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / The process of agricultural expansion caused an increase in forest fragmentation and, consequently, it was responsible for the conversion of the forest into a mosaic with different land-cover patches and remnants of the original forest. In order to identify the distribution of the remnants in a 3 km-radius around the Estação Ecológica de Avaré - EEA, we produced a land-use/land-cover map of this landscape. Based in this map it was calculated the landscape metrics. The natural vegetation occupied 21.2% of the area and it was distributed in 59 patches in an agricultural matrix. The largest remnant has 587.68 ha. According the landscape metrics only 6,7% of the natural vegetation are larger than 50 ha and, consequently 93% of this remnants are small. The shapes of the forest remnants are predominantly irregular and lengthened because it was close to surface water and, consequently, in a buffer zone of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), which occupied 6.3% of total landscape (65% cover by natural vegetation). The man intervention was responsible for the conversion of the 35% of the PPA area into a mosaic with different land-cover, in this case, with agriculture and urban occupation. Consider the flux of the sub-tribe Euglossina bees, the EEA is not isolated and permitted a forest connection. The forest remnants, although, suffer with the negative pressure done by the agriculture. In this context, we concluded that the landscape metrics permit the evaluation of the landscape context and facilitate the definition of action aim at the forest and landscape conservation. / O processo de expansão agrícola tem provocado um aumento na fragmentação da vegetação natural, afetando a disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos naturais. Com o objetivo de identificar a situação espacial dos remanescentes de vegetação natural em um raio de 3 km do entorno da Estação Ecológica de Avaré (EEA), realizou-se o mapeamento do uso e cobertura do solo e calculou-se métricas de paisagem. Foram encontrados 21,2% de vegetação natural na área, distribuídos em 59 manchas entremeadas em matriz agropecuária, sendo que a maior mancha possuía 587,68 ha. As métricas da paisagem indicaram que a vegetação natural possui apenas 6,7% dos fragmentos maiores que 50 ha, sendo os outros 93% são considerados pequenos. Quando analisada a forma dos fragmentos notou-se que 29% possuem formas mais irregulares e alongadas, isso acontece por que os remanescentes concentram-se próximos aos cursos d água. As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) ocupam 6,3% da área de estudo e 64,71% dessas áreas, estão cobertas com cobertura vegetal natural. Os outros 35,28% restantes da APP encontram-se sem vegetação e sob influência de áreas antropizadas com atividades agrícolas. Verificou-se que a EEA não se encontra isolada na paisagem e, ainda, que essa paisagem como um todo tem uma conectividade significativa levando em consideração o fluxo das abelhas da subtribo Euglossina. Os remanescentes florestais estão, contudo, vulneráveis frente às pressões antrópicas exercidas pela expansão das atividades agropecuárias. O uso de métricas da paisagem possibilitou não só o diagnóstico da situação atual da área de estudo, como também permitiu a proposição de medidas que visem à conservação dos remanescentes florestais, como da paisagem como um todo.

Com o objetivo de identificar as espécies arbóreas da família Myrtaceae, que estão presentes em uma Parcela Permanente no Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, município de Sete Barras, foram realizadas onze expedições de coleta ao longo de um ano. Neste estudo foi realizado o levantamento das espécies arbóreas da família Myrtaceae, acima de 4,8 cm de DAP, em 256 sub-parcelas de 20x20m, totalizando uma área amostral de 10,24 ha. As identificações foram feitas com base na literatura, e posteriormente confirmadas através de comparação nos herbários ESA, SP, UEC e consulta a especialistas. Na Parcela Permanente foram identificadas 48 espécies da família, o que corresponde a aproximadamente 25% do total de espécies amostradas na área pelo projeto. No total foram encontrados 2254 indivíduos de Myrtaceae, o que corresponde a aproximadamente 20% do total de indivíduos arbóreos amostrados. Eugenia foi o gênero mais abundante com 26 espécies, seguido por Gomidesia e Marlierea com 4 espécies, Myrceugenia e Myrcia com 3, Campomanesia e Plinia com 2 espécies e Calycorectes, Calyptranthes, Myrciaria e Neomitranthes com 1 espécie. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as espécies de maior frequência na área são Marlierea suaveolens Cambess., Eugenia cuprea (O. Berg) Nied., Gomidesia flagellaris D. Legrand, Marlierea tomentosa Cambess., e Neomitranthes glomerata (D. Legrand) D. Legrand em ordem decrescente. Elaborou-se também uma chave dicotômica, que em conjunto com o registro fotográfico das espécies ilustram o trabalho e auxiliarão na identificação no campo e no herbário em projetos futuros. / The aim of this work was to identify tree species of Myrtaceae from Carlos Botelho State Park, Sete Barras city. In this area 256 permanent plots of 20x20m (total 10,24ha) were installed, and every tree above 4,8cm DBH was collected during eleven field trips that were made in one year. The identifications were based on bibliography and later, confirmed through comparison at the herbaria ESA, SP and UEC and consults to specialists. 48 species of Myrtaceae were found at the permanent plots, which means approximately 25% of the area’s floristic composition. Total of 2136 specimes were collected, which means approximately 20% of the total number of trees on the area. Eugenia was the most abundant genera with 26 species, followed by Gomidesia and Marlierea with 4 species, Myrceugenia and Myrcia with 3 species, Campomanesia and Plinia with 2 species, and Calycorectes, Calyptranthes, Myrciaria and Neomitranthes with 1 species each. Marlierea suaveolens Cambess., Eugenia cuprea (O. Berg) Nied., Gomidesia flagellaris D. Legrand, Marlierea tomentosa Cambess., and Neomitranthes glomerata (D. Legrand) D. Legrand were the most frequent species in this order. A dichotomous key for the species is presented, which along with a photographic record, illustrate this work and will help the identification of specimes on the field and in herbaria in future projects.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T19:53:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samuel Nascimento Nunes - 2016.pdf: 1360269 bytes, checksum: cf4cac437479400d2487692196f0e700 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-14T13:33:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samuel Nascimento Nunes - 2016.pdf: 1360269 bytes, checksum: cf4cac437479400d2487692196f0e700 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T13:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samuel Nascimento Nunes - 2016.pdf: 1360269 bytes, checksum: cf4cac437479400d2487692196f0e700 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Plant inhabiting mites are little known in Natural Ecosystems since the most studies with these animals were held in agroecosystems. Cerrado biome presents several phytophysiognomic types with distinct environmental characteristics, ranging from open areas (Campo Cerrado) to forest (Cerradão). The phytophysiognomy can be crucial in organizing assemblage of plant-dwelling arthropods because they have differences in physical and chemical characteristics of the microenvironment, and in the floristic composition, richness and abundance of plant species. In the present study we evaluated Cerrado vegetation structure effect in the organization of mites assemblage on Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana plants from Emas National Park, which represent the largest Cerrado protected area. We sampled 21 10x10 m-plots, being 12 distributed in Campo Cerrado (CC) and nine in Cerrado Sentido Restrito (CSR). In each plot, one M. albicans individual was marked for mite sample, preferably, those located closer to the plot center. We collected 10 leaves around median extract canopy of each marked plant, which in turn were washed in 70 % alcohol for extracting mites. In the laboratory, the mites were observed under dissecting microscopy, mounted on microscope slides and identified under phase constrast microscopy. We sampled a total of 463 mites, being 347 in CSR and 116 in CC, distributed in 44 species and 14 families. We reported three genera for the first time to Brazil, namely, Phytoptipalpus (Tenuipalpidae), Paraciota (Eriophyidae) e Idiolorryia (Tydeidae). Miconia albicans plants from Cerrado Sentido Restrito showed greater richness and abundance of mites than those in Campo Cerrado. These results were significant when all mites were analyzed together and also when only considered the phytophagous mites. These results can be explained by two mechanisms: (i) Cerrado Sentido Restrito presents greater host plant richness and abundance, what allowed support more individuals, and consequently greater species richness; or (ii) plants from Campo Cerrado have greater leaf toughness, which difficult the establishment and development of phytophagous mites on their leaves, thus interfering in occurrence and abundance of other trophic levels. Therefore, the vegetation structure and leaf characteristics, typical of each vegetation formation, may have been decisive in occurrence and establishment of mites on M. albicans leaves, mainly for Phytophagous. / Os ácaros plantícolas são poucos conhecidos em ecossistemas naturais, uma vez que a maioria dos estudos com esses animais é realizada em sistemas agrícolas. No Bioma Cerrado são encontrados vários tipos fitofisionômicos com distintas características ambientais, variando desde áreas abertas (campo cerrado) às florestais (cerradão). A fitofisionomia pode ser determinante na organização da assembleia de artrópodes plantícolas por apresentarem diferenças nas características físico-químicas do microambiente, na composição florística, riqueza e abundância de espécies vegetais. No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito da estrutura da vegetação do Cerrado na organização da assembleia de ácaros em plantas de Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana no Parque Nacional das Emas, que é a maior unidade de conservação deste Bioma brasileiro. Avaliamos 21 parcelas, sendo 12 em áreas de Campo Cerrado (CC) e nove em Cerrado Sentido Restrito (CSR). Em cada parcela foi marcado um indivíduo de M. albicans, preferencialmente, aquele localizado mais próximo ao centro da parcela. Foram coletadas 10 folhas ao redor do extrato mediano da copa de cada planta marcada, que por sua vez, foram lavadas em álcool 70% para extração dos ácaros. Em laboratório, os ácaros foram triados, montados em lâminas de microscopia e identificados sob microscópio com contraste de fases. Foi amostrado um total de 463 ácaros, sendo 347 em CSR e 116 em CC, distribuídos em 44 espécies e 14 famílias. Três gêneros foram relatados pela primeira vez para o Brasil, sendo eles Phytoptipalpus (Tenuipalpidae), Paraciota (Eriophyidae) e Idiolorryia (Tydeidae). Plantas de M. albicans de Cerrado Sentido Restrito apresentaram maior riqueza e abundância de ácaros do que aquelas em Campo Cerrado. Esses resultados foram significativos quando todos os ácaros foram analisados em conjunto e também quando somente os fitófagos foram considerados. Os resultados encontrados podem ser explicados por dois mecanismos: (i) Cerrado Sentido Restrito apresenta maior riqueza e abundância de plantas hospedeiras, o que possibilita a ocorrência de maior número de indivíduos de ácaros, e consequentemente uma maior riqueza de espécies; (ii) As plantas de Campo Cerrado apresentam maior dureza foliar, o que dificulta o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de ácaros fitófagos sobre as plantas hospedeiras, interferindo dessa maneira na ocorrência e abundância dos demais níveis tróficos. Portanto, a estrutura da vegetação e as características foliares, que variaram entre as fitofisionomias avaliadas, podem ter sido determinantes na ocorrência e estabelecimento de ácaros em M. albicans, principalmente para os fitófagos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a fitossociologia, o manejo da vegetação natural e sua influência agronômica do feijão caupi na savana de Roraima. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytosociology, the management of natural vegetation and its influence on the agronomic efficiency of cowpea in the savannah of Roraima.

Despite its reputation in southern Brazilian culture, the region of Jarau stills few known on the scientific point of view, raving contradictory opinions also about its geomorphology. Regarding to the regional flora, there is a remarkable diversity compared to the rest of the Campanha‟s Plateau, a fact that can be explained by different environments due to relief variations, the rock substratum, and differences on soils and water availability, in favor of habitat differentiation and a correspondent high number of endemic, rare or endangered plant species. The study was conducted in a polygon of 135,16 km2, bordered on the north by Garupá stream, on the south by Quaraí-Mirim stream, and to east and west by imaginary lines corresponding to the longitudes of 56º 28' 39" E and 56º 35' 26" W. Two hundred and seventy six plant species were found in this area, from 62 botanical families, including 64 endemic, rare and/or endangered species. Six types of natural vegetation were recognized in the region, based on physiognomic, floristic and phytoecological parameters: volcanic hill fields, sandstone hill fields, rupestrian fields, riparian forests, isolated group of trees in the midst of open fields, and Inhanduvá Park. Phytogeograpic maps and photos of distinct plants were provided to each recognized type of vegetation. The regional phytogeography recommends include all the studied area in the Uruguayense district of the Pampean Province (sensu Cabrera & Willink), despite the large floristic contribution from the adjoining Chaco, Espinal and Paranense provinces. At last, it is recommended the adoption of decisions toward the protection of the valuable natural patrimony of Jarau region. / Apesar de seu renome na cultura sulina, a região do Jarau ainda é pouco conhecida sob o ponto de vista científico, não faltando, inclusive, opiniões contraditórias a respeito de sua geomorfologia. No tocante à flora regional, ali se encontra uma notável diversidade, comparada ao restante do Planalto da Campanha, fato que se explica pelos distintos ambientes gerados pela variação do relevo, do substrato rochoso, dos solos e da disponibilidade hídrica, em favor da diferenciação de habitats e de uma correspondente riqueza de espécies vegetais endêmicas, raras e/ou ameaçadas de extinção. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em um polígono de 135,16 km2, limitado ao norte pelo arroio Garupá, ao sul pelo arroio Quaraí-Mirim, e a leste e oeste por linhas imaginárias correspondentes às longitudes de 56º 28' 39" L e 56º 35' 26" W. Nesta área foram encontradas 276 espécies de plantas superiores, pertencentes a 62 famílias botânicas, incluindo 64 espécies endêmicas, raras e/ou ameaçadas de extinção. Foram reconhecidas seis tipologias de vegetação natural, com base em parâmetros fisionômicos, florísticos e fitoecológicos: campos de colinas vulcânicas, campos em colinas de arenito, campos rupestres, matas ciliares, capões-de-mato e parque de inhanduvá. Para as distintas tipologias foram elaborados mapas fitogeográficos e pranchas ilustrativas, com fotos. A fitogeografia recomenda incluir a região em estudo no distrito Uruguayense e Província Pampeana (sensu Cabrera & Willink), apesar do numeroso aporte florístico de elementos chaquenhos, do Espinal e da Floresta Estacional (Província Paranense) em sua estrutura. Por fim, recomenda-se a adoção de medidas com vistas à proteção do valioso patrimônio natural existente na região do Jarau.

The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity...

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde auf der Grundlage begutachteter Publikationen als kumulative Dissertation verfasst. Ziel war hier, das zeitliche Spektrum des Niederschlages unter sich bereits geänderten und zukünftig möglichen Klimabedingungen zu untersuchen, um daraus risikobehaftete Auswirkungen auf den Wasserhaushalt ableiten zu können. Ausgehend von den für Sachsen bzw. Mitteldeutschland jahreszeitlich berechneten Trends für den Niederschlag im Zeitraum 1951-2000 wurde hier der Schwerpunkt auf das Verhalten des Starkniederschlages im Einzugsgebiet der Weißeritz (Osterzgebirge) während der Vegetationsperiode gesetzt. Unter Verwendung von Extremwertverteilungen wurde das lokale Starkniederschlagsgeschehen im Referenzzeitraum 1961-2000 für Ereignisandauern von 1-24 Stunden und deren Wiederkehrzeiten von 5-100 Jahren aus statistischer Sicht beschrieben. Mittels eines wetterlagenbasierten statistischen Downscaling wurden mögliche Änderungen im Niveau des zeitlich höher aufgelösten Niederschlagspektrums gegenüber dem Referenzspektrum auf die Zeitscheiben um 2025 (2011-2040) und 2050 (2036-2065) projiziert. Hierfür wurden die zu erwartenden Klimabedingungen für das IPCC-Emissionsszenario A1B angenommen. Mittels eines problemangepassten Regionalisierungsalgorithmus´ konnte eine Transformation der Punktinformationen in eine stetige Flächeninformation erreicht werden. Dabei wurden verteilungsrelevante Orografieeffekte auf den Niederschlag maßstabsgerecht berücksichtigt. Die signifikanten Niederschlagsabnahmen im Sommer bzw. in der Vegetationsperiode sind in Sachsen mit einer Zunahme und Intensivierung von Starkniederschlägen kombiniert. Hieraus entsteht ein Konfliktpotenzial zwischen Hochwasserschutz auf der einen und (Trink-) Wasserversorgung auf der anderen Seite. Für die zu erwartenden Klimabedingungen der Zeitscheiben um 2025 und 2050 wurden für das Einzugsgebiet der Weißeritz zunehmend positive, nicht-lineare Niveauverschiebungen im zeitlich höher aufgelösten Spektrum des Starkniederschlages berechnet. Für gleich bleibende Wiederkehrzeiten ergaben sich größere Regenhöhen bzw. für konstant gehaltene Regenhöhen kleinere Wiederkehrzeiten. Aus dem erhaltenen Änderungssignal kann gefolgert werden, dass der sich fortsetzende allgemeine Erwärmungstrend mit einer Intensivierung des primär thermisch induzierten, konvektiven Starkniederschlagsgeschehens einhergeht, was in Sachsen mit einem zunehmend häufigeren Auftreten von Starkregenereignissen kürzerer Andauer sowie mit einer zusätzlichen orografischen Verstärkung von Ereignissen längerer Andauer verbunden ist. Anhand des Klimaquotienten nach Ellenberg wurden Effekte des rezenten Klimatrends auf die Verteilung der potenziellen natürlichen Vegetation in Mitteldeutschland beispielhaft untersucht. Über eine Korrektur der Berechnungsvorschrift konnte eine Berücksichtigung der trendbehafteten klimatologischen Rahmenbedingungen, insbesondere dem negativen Niederschlagstrend im Sommer, erreicht werden. Insgesamt konnte festgestellt werden, dass die regionalen Auswirkungen des globalen Klimawandels massive Änderungen in der raum-zeitlichen Struktur des Niederschlages in Sachsen zur Folge haben, was unvermeidlich eine komplexe Wirkungskette auf den regionalen Wasserhaushalt zur Folge hat und mit Risiken verbunden ist. / This paper was written as a cumulative doctoral thesis based on appraised publications. Its objective was to study the temporal spectrum of precipitation under already changed or possible future climate conditions in order to derive effects on the water budget which are fraught with risks. Based on seasonal trends as established for Saxony and Central Germany for precipitation in the period of 1951-2000, the focus was on the behaviour of heavy precipitation in the catchment area of the Weißeritz (eastern Ore Mountains) during the growing season. Using distributions of extreme values, the local heavy precipitation behaviour in the reference period of 1961-2000 was described from a statistical point of view for event durations of 1-24 hours and their return periods of 5-100 years. Statistical downscaling based on weather patterns was used to project possible changes in the level of the high temporal resolution spectrum of precipitation, compared with the reference spectrum, to the time slices around 2025 (2011-2040) and 2050 (2036-2065). The IPCC A1B emission scenario was assumed for expected climate conditions for this purpose. Using a regionalisation algorithm adapted to the problem made it possible to achieve a transformation of local information into areal information. In doing so, distribution-relevant orographic effects on precipitation were taken into consideration in a manner true to scale. Significant decreases in precipitation in summer and during the growing season are combined with an increase and intensification of heavy precipitation in Saxony. This gives rise to a potential for conflict between the need for flood protection, on the one hand, and the supply of (drinking) water, on the other hand. For the expected climate conditions of the time slices around 2025 and 2050, increasingly positive, non-linear shifts in the level of the high temporal resolution spectrum of heavy precipitation were calculated for the catchment of the Weißeritz. Higher amounts of rain were found if the return periods were kept constant, and shorter return periods were found if the rain amounts were kept constant. It may be concluded from the change signal obtained that the continuing general warming trend is accompanied by an intensification of the primarily thermally induced convective behaviour of heavy precipitation. In Saxony, this is associated with an increasingly frequent occurrence of heavy precipitation events of short duration and with an additional orographic intensification of events of long duration. Using the Ellenberg climate quotient, effects of the recent climate trend on the distribution of potential natural vegetation in Central Germany were studied by way of example. Underlying climatological conditions subject to a trend, in particular the negative trend of precipitation in summer, were taken into consideration by a modification of the calculation rule. All in all, it was found that regional effects of global climate change bring about massive changes in the spatiotemporal structure of precipitation in Saxony, which inevitably leads to a complex chain of impact on the regional water budget and is fraught with risks.

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde auf der Grundlage begutachteter Publikationen als kumulative Dissertation verfasst. Ziel war hier, das zeitliche Spektrum des Niederschlages unter sich bereits geänderten und zukünftig möglichen Klimabedingungen zu untersuchen, um daraus risikobehaftete Auswirkungen auf den Wasserhaushalt ableiten zu können. Ausgehend von den für Sachsen bzw. Mitteldeutschland jahreszeitlich berechneten Trends für den Niederschlag im Zeitraum 1951-2000 wurde hier der Schwerpunkt auf das Verhalten des Starkniederschlages im Einzugsgebiet der Weißeritz (Osterzgebirge) während der Vegetationsperiode gesetzt. Unter Verwendung von Extremwertverteilungen wurde das lokale Starkniederschlagsgeschehen im Referenzzeitraum 1961-2000 für Ereignisandauern von 1-24 Stunden und deren Wiederkehrzeiten von 5-100 Jahren aus statistischer Sicht beschrieben. Mittels eines wetterlagenbasierten statistischen Downscaling wurden mögliche Änderungen im Niveau des zeitlich höher aufgelösten Niederschlagspektrums gegenüber dem Referenzspektrum auf die Zeitscheiben um 2025 (2011-2040) und 2050 (2036-2065) projiziert. Hierfür wurden die zu erwartenden Klimabedingungen für das IPCC-Emissionsszenario A1B angenommen. Mittels eines problemangepassten Regionalisierungsalgorithmus´ konnte eine Transformation der Punktinformationen in eine stetige Flächeninformation erreicht werden. Dabei wurden verteilungsrelevante Orografieeffekte auf den Niederschlag maßstabsgerecht berücksichtigt. Die signifikanten Niederschlagsabnahmen im Sommer bzw. in der Vegetationsperiode sind in Sachsen mit einer Zunahme und Intensivierung von Starkniederschlägen kombiniert. Hieraus entsteht ein Konfliktpotenzial zwischen Hochwasserschutz auf der einen und (Trink-) Wasserversorgung auf der anderen Seite. Für die zu erwartenden Klimabedingungen der Zeitscheiben um 2025 und 2050 wurden für das Einzugsgebiet der Weißeritz zunehmend positive, nicht-lineare Niveauverschiebungen im zeitlich höher aufgelösten Spektrum des Starkniederschlages berechnet. Für gleich bleibende Wiederkehrzeiten ergaben sich größere Regenhöhen bzw. für konstant gehaltene Regenhöhen kleinere Wiederkehrzeiten. Aus dem erhaltenen Änderungssignal kann gefolgert werden, dass der sich fortsetzende allgemeine Erwärmungstrend mit einer Intensivierung des primär thermisch induzierten, konvektiven Starkniederschlagsgeschehens einhergeht, was in Sachsen mit einem zunehmend häufigeren Auftreten von Starkregenereignissen kürzerer Andauer sowie mit einer zusätzlichen orografischen Verstärkung von Ereignissen längerer Andauer verbunden ist. Anhand des Klimaquotienten nach Ellenberg wurden Effekte des rezenten Klimatrends auf die Verteilung der potenziellen natürlichen Vegetation in Mitteldeutschland beispielhaft untersucht. Über eine Korrektur der Berechnungsvorschrift konnte eine Berücksichtigung der trendbehafteten klimatologischen Rahmenbedingungen, insbesondere dem negativen Niederschlagstrend im Sommer, erreicht werden. Insgesamt konnte festgestellt werden, dass die regionalen Auswirkungen des globalen Klimawandels massive Änderungen in der raum-zeitlichen Struktur des Niederschlages in Sachsen zur Folge haben, was unvermeidlich eine komplexe Wirkungskette auf den regionalen Wasserhaushalt zur Folge hat und mit Risiken verbunden ist. / This paper was written as a cumulative doctoral thesis based on appraised publications. Its objective was to study the temporal spectrum of precipitation under already changed or possible future climate conditions in order to derive effects on the water budget which are fraught with risks. Based on seasonal trends as established for Saxony and Central Germany for precipitation in the period of 1951-2000, the focus was on the behaviour of heavy precipitation in the catchment area of the Weißeritz (eastern Ore Mountains) during the growing season. Using distributions of extreme values, the local heavy precipitation behaviour in the reference period of 1961-2000 was described from a statistical point of view for event durations of 1-24 hours and their return periods of 5-100 years. Statistical downscaling based on weather patterns was used to project possible changes in the level of the high temporal resolution spectrum of precipitation, compared with the reference spectrum, to the time slices around 2025 (2011-2040) and 2050 (2036-2065). The IPCC A1B emission scenario was assumed for expected climate conditions for this purpose. Using a regionalisation algorithm adapted to the problem made it possible to achieve a transformation of local information into areal information. In doing so, distribution-relevant orographic effects on precipitation were taken into consideration in a manner true to scale. Significant decreases in precipitation in summer and during the growing season are combined with an increase and intensification of heavy precipitation in Saxony. This gives rise to a potential for conflict between the need for flood protection, on the one hand, and the supply of (drinking) water, on the other hand. For the expected climate conditions of the time slices around 2025 and 2050, increasingly positive, non-linear shifts in the level of the high temporal resolution spectrum of heavy precipitation were calculated for the catchment of the Weißeritz. Higher amounts of rain were found if the return periods were kept constant, and shorter return periods were found if the rain amounts were kept constant. It may be concluded from the change signal obtained that the continuing general warming trend is accompanied by an intensification of the primarily thermally induced convective behaviour of heavy precipitation. In Saxony, this is associated with an increasingly frequent occurrence of heavy precipitation events of short duration and with an additional orographic intensification of events of long duration. Using the Ellenberg climate quotient, effects of the recent climate trend on the distribution of potential natural vegetation in Central Germany were studied by way of example. Underlying climatological conditions subject to a trend, in particular the negative trend of precipitation in summer, were taken into consideration by a modification of the calculation rule. All in all, it was found that regional effects of global climate change bring about massive changes in the spatiotemporal structure of precipitation in Saxony, which inevitably leads to a complex chain of impact on the regional water budget and is fraught with risks.

Flora und Vegetation sind Spiegelbild naturräumlicher Potenziale ebenso wie kulturbürtiger Einflüsse. Der im Rahmen einer bodenkundlichen Tagung entstandene Artikel gibt einen textlichen und kartografischen Überblick zur potenziellen natürlichen Vegetation (pnV) Sachsens. Aktuelle Vegetationsverhältnisse finden ebenso Berücksichtigung. Die Naturregionen Tief-, Hügel- und Bergland werden aus vegetationskundlicher Sicht - unter Einbeziehung aktueller Forschungen und mit Bezug auf geologische, edaphische sowie klimatische Rahmenbedingungen - charakterisiert. Regionale Besonderheiten (z. B. die Ost-West-Gliederung des Erzgebirges) werden dabei ebenso herausgestellt wie neuere Erkenntnisse zur Verbreitung von landschaftsprägenden Waldtypen (z. B. bodensaure Eichenwälder im Tiefland).

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde auf der Grundlage begutachteter Publikationen als kumulative Dissertation verfasst. Ziel war hier, das zeitliche Spektrum des Niederschlages unter sich bereits geänderten und zukünftig möglichen Klimabedingungen zu untersuchen, um daraus risikobehaftete Auswirkungen auf den Wasserhaushalt ableiten zu können. Ausgehend von den für Sachsen bzw. Mitteldeutschland jahreszeitlich berechneten Trends für den Niederschlag im Zeitraum 1951-2000 wurde hier der Schwerpunkt auf das Verhalten des Starkniederschlages im Einzugsgebiet der Weißeritz (Osterzgebirge) während der Vegetationsperiode gesetzt. Unter Verwendung von Extremwertverteilungen wurde das lokale Starkniederschlagsgeschehen im Referenzzeitraum 1961-2000 für Ereignisandauern von 1-24 Stunden und deren Wiederkehrzeiten von 5-100 Jahren aus statistischer Sicht beschrieben. Mittels eines wetterlagenbasierten statistischen Downscaling wurden mögliche Änderungen im Niveau des zeitlich höher aufgelösten Niederschlagspektrums gegenüber dem Referenzspektrum auf die Zeitscheiben um 2025 (2011-2040) und 2050 (2036-2065) projiziert. Hierfür wurden die zu erwartenden Klimabedingungen für das IPCC-Emissionsszenario A1B angenommen. Mittels eines problemangepassten Regionalisierungsalgorithmus´ konnte eine Transformation der Punktinformationen in eine stetige Flächeninformation erreicht werden. Dabei wurden verteilungsrelevante Orografieeffekte auf den Niederschlag maßstabsgerecht berücksichtigt. Die signifikanten Niederschlagsabnahmen im Sommer bzw. in der Vegetationsperiode sind in Sachsen mit einer Zunahme und Intensivierung von Starkniederschlägen kombiniert. Hieraus entsteht ein Konfliktpotenzial zwischen Hochwasserschutz auf der einen und (Trink-) Wasserversorgung auf der anderen Seite. Für die zu erwartenden Klimabedingungen der Zeitscheiben um 2025 und 2050 wurden für das Einzugsgebiet der Weißeritz zunehmend positive, nicht-lineare Niveauverschiebungen im zeitlich höher aufgelösten Spektrum des Starkniederschlages berechnet. Für gleich bleibende Wiederkehrzeiten ergaben sich größere Regenhöhen bzw. für konstant gehaltene Regenhöhen kleinere Wiederkehrzeiten. Aus dem erhaltenen Änderungssignal kann gefolgert werden, dass der sich fortsetzende allgemeine Erwärmungstrend mit einer Intensivierung des primär thermisch induzierten, konvektiven Starkniederschlagsgeschehens einhergeht, was in Sachsen mit einem zunehmend häufigeren Auftreten von Starkregenereignissen kürzerer Andauer sowie mit einer zusätzlichen orografischen Verstärkung von Ereignissen längerer Andauer verbunden ist. Anhand des Klimaquotienten nach Ellenberg wurden Effekte des rezenten Klimatrends auf die Verteilung der potenziellen natürlichen Vegetation in Mitteldeutschland beispielhaft untersucht. Über eine Korrektur der Berechnungsvorschrift konnte eine Berücksichtigung der trendbehafteten klimatologischen Rahmenbedingungen, insbesondere dem negativen Niederschlagstrend im Sommer, erreicht werden. Insgesamt konnte festgestellt werden, dass die regionalen Auswirkungen des globalen Klimawandels massive Änderungen in der raum-zeitlichen Struktur des Niederschlages in Sachsen zur Folge haben, was unvermeidlich eine komplexe Wirkungskette auf den regionalen Wasserhaushalt zur Folge hat und mit Risiken verbunden ist. / This paper was written as a cumulative doctoral thesis based on appraised publications. Its objective was to study the temporal spectrum of precipitation under already changed or possible future climate conditions in order to derive effects on the water budget which are fraught with risks. Based on seasonal trends as established for Saxony and Central Germany for precipitation in the period of 1951-2000, the focus was on the behaviour of heavy precipitation in the catchment area of the Weißeritz (eastern Ore Mountains) during the growing season. Using distributions of extreme values, the local heavy precipitation behaviour in the reference period of 1961-2000 was described from a statistical point of view for event durations of 1-24 hours and their return periods of 5-100 years. Statistical downscaling based on weather patterns was used to project possible changes in the level of the high temporal resolution spectrum of precipitation, compared with the reference spectrum, to the time slices around 2025 (2011-2040) and 2050 (2036-2065). The IPCC A1B emission scenario was assumed for expected climate conditions for this purpose. Using a regionalisation algorithm adapted to the problem made it possible to achieve a transformation of local information into areal information. In doing so, distribution-relevant orographic effects on precipitation were taken into consideration in a manner true to scale. Significant decreases in precipitation in summer and during the growing season are combined with an increase and intensification of heavy precipitation in Saxony. This gives rise to a potential for conflict between the need for flood protection, on the one hand, and the supply of (drinking) water, on the other hand. For the expected climate conditions of the time slices around 2025 and 2050, increasingly positive, non-linear shifts in the level of the high temporal resolution spectrum of heavy precipitation were calculated for the catchment of the Weißeritz. Higher amounts of rain were found if the return periods were kept constant, and shorter return periods were found if the rain amounts were kept constant. It may be concluded from the change signal obtained that the continuing general warming trend is accompanied by an intensification of the primarily thermally induced convective behaviour of heavy precipitation. In Saxony, this is associated with an increasingly frequent occurrence of heavy precipitation events of short duration and with an additional orographic intensification of events of long duration. Using the Ellenberg climate quotient, effects of the recent climate trend on the distribution of potential natural vegetation in Central Germany were studied by way of example. Underlying climatological conditions subject to a trend, in particular the negative trend of precipitation in summer, were taken into consideration by a modification of the calculation rule. All in all, it was found that regional effects of global climate change bring about massive changes in the spatiotemporal structure of precipitation in Saxony, which inevitably leads to a complex chain of impact on the regional water budget and is fraught with risks.