This diploma thesis deals with the current legal regulation in the field of compensation for damage caused by selected, specially protected animals, which is in the Czech legal system regulated by Act No. 115/2000 Coll. It belongs to one of the means adopted in order to protect nature and environment and its objective is to reduce the conflict that has arisen between human activities and selected, specially protected animals, which are known to cause damage on the property of people. In accordance with the above mentioned legislation, amongst these so called conflicting species are included the Brown Bear, Northern Lynx, European Elk, River Otter, European Beaver, the Wolf and also Great Cormorant that, however, is no longer in the field of activity of this Act. Such an objective should be reached through the provision of financial compensation for the damage caused by these animals to some predefined objects owned by individual entities. The thesis is divided into three main chapters dealing mainly with the actual Act No. 115/2000 Coll. and some other related issues. The first chapter focuses on basic legal terms with relevance for the protection of animals. With a help of the relevant legislation, terms such as animal are introduced with emphasis on their legal status in the Czech legislative...

Legal regulation of nature protection in national parks Abstract The purpose of the thesis is to provide an overview of legal instruments used to protect nature in national parks after the amendment of the Act No. 114/1992 Coll., On Nature and Landscape Protection ("NLP") and evaluate their functionality. Although Act No. 123/2017 Coll., which amended the NPL, has been in effect since June 1, 2017, changes are being reflected in practice gradually. The thesis is elaborated by a descriptive method connected with the analysis of effective legislation and it is formally divided into six chapters. The first chapter deals with sources of legal regulation, the second one deals with the term of national park itself, including a short historical excursion and the international concept of IUCN. This chapter also includes the issue of the protection zone and the process of proclaiming national parks. The third chapter is devoted to the new concept of management zoning and also contains the current information on the zoning discussion in individual national parks. The fourth chapter contains an overview of the tools that lead to the limitation of various activities in the territory of the national park, whether they are basic or closer protective conditions, restrictions and prohibition of activities according to § 66...

The work deals with molluscs as specific inhabitants of boulder sites in southern part of Křivoklátsko PLA. It discusses related questions and information sources connected with nature protection. The thesis describes molluscs as generally lesser known, but diverse group of animals with variety of ecological requirements. It shows the results of malacozoological site research performed using collection of leaf litter samples and compares them to previous works. It also examines how the topic could be incorporated in education. The work emphasizes the ecology of molluscs, whose knowledge can facilitate contextual thinking about various organisms and also is not confined to a narrow scope of biology. The thesis discusses various means of education and describes a general proposal of excursion to the place of interest. Keywords gastropods ecology excursion nature protection didactics

Since 1980's, there have been many changes in the system of nature protection of the Czech Republic. Private environmental groups -- land trusts -- evolved. Institutions and social norms have become more important. The thesis compares institutional framework of conservation in the Czech Republic, based on rentals, voluntary agreements and ownership, with American land trust movement and its system of conservation easements, supported by both federal and local governments.

As a policy field, nature conservation has a problematic history. Setting aside nature forprotection has often entailed the marginalization of Indigenous peoples, their claims, and their traditional lands. Some argue that a shift is occurring in Swedish nature protection policies, from top-down governing modes to collaborative forms. The thesis critically examines the national park process in Vålådalen-Sylarna-Helags, a project unique for nature conservation in Saepmie. No national park was established despite the process’ collaborative form and the inclusion of local actors, among those three reindeer herding communities. The thesis studies discursive constructions of the local Saemie actors’ inclusion and how that affects their possible influence. Moreover, it analyzes central constructions and considers their effects on the projectand change over time. The results show that inclusion is articulated differently by state actorsand reindeer herding communities, limiting and making possible varying forms of influence. The landscape and natural state are central constructions affecting the process, and the project’s aim transforms with significant consequences for the process and possibly its result.

An 80 Probestellen im Flusssystem der Vereinigten Mulde zwischen Trebsen/Sachsen und der Landesgrenze zu Sachsen-Anhalt wurden in den Untersuchungsjahren 2007 und 2008 insgesamt 157 lebende Muscheln und zahlreiche Schalenreste gefunden. Unter den Großmuschelarten fand sich am häufigsten die Malermuschel. Weiterhin gelang der Fund der Gewöhnlichen Teichmuschel und der Schwanenmuschel. Erstmals wurde auch die in Sachsen vom Aussterben bedrohte Große Flussmuschel (Unio tumidus) gefunden. Wasseruntersuchungen zeigten, dass die Gewässer einen ausreichenden Sauerstoffgehalt aufweisen und als Lebensraum für Großmuscheln und andere Wassertiere gut geeignet sind. Muscheln und andere Weichtiere bilden eine nicht ersetzbare Artengruppe in den Seen und Flüssen und tragen als Filtrierer wesentlich zur Qualität von Gewässern bei. Sie sind daher wichtige Bioindikatoren für den Erhaltungszustand von Fließgewässern. 73 Prozent der in sächsischen Gewässern vorkommenden Muschelarten sind in ihrem Bestand gefährdet oder sogar ausgestorben (vgl. Rote Liste Mollusken Sachsens, SCHNIEBS et al. 2006).

Rot- und Braunalgen gelten als Indikatorarten für die Gewässergüte. Durch die Abnahme vorrangig der saprobiellen Belastung der Gewässer in Sachsen nach 1990 hat sich ihre Bestandssituation allgemein verbessert. Dennoch sind fast drei Viertel der 17 in Sachsen vorkommenden Rot- und Braunalgenarten als ausgestorben oder gefährdet einzuschätzen. Die Rote Liste enthält eine Checkliste, Verbreitungskarten und gibt einen Überblick über die Gefährdungssituation der einzelnen Arten.

National parks legislation of Czech Republic, Slovakia and USA Abstract The thesis offers a look at the legal regulation of national parks in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the USA. The diploma thesis points out the legal instruments used for nature protection, especially in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It gives a picture of common as well as different ways, which were often inspired by each other in the creation of means of nature protection. The work is also focused on amendments to nature protection legislation and their gradual development over time. The content of the work is processed by a descriptive method combining legal regulations of different states. Formally divided into ten chapters. The first chapter offers a historical excursion into the development of nature protection with the first introduction of unregulated efforts by individuals or smaller groups to create specially protected areas. The second and third chapters focus on the presentation of the IUCN international classification, nature conservation management or the presentation of international and EU nature conservation institutions. The fourth chapter explains the concept and classification of individual protected areas, with reference to large specially protected areas. Application of concepts and classification through legal...

Tourism in protected areas is still a debated topic and its impacts investigated for decades. Initially, protected areas considered as a way for protecting biodiversity, and human intervention is strictly prohibited. Over the course of time, this strict conservation approach shifted to sustainable tourism model in protected areas. While this business brought several advantages, such as creating income to support these sites, there are also environmental drawbacks related with it. European Commission addresses this new development by creating NATURA 2000 (N2K) network in order to strengthen the preservation of the valuable natural environments by including the human factor.Turkey, a long-time candidate of EU, implies an aggressive policy while utilising its protected areas as a tourism asset. This approach identified as a common problem in developing countries, as focus of this development lies on short term economic gains. In this regard, an analysis of two different models of tourism development in N2K sites, in two EU’s member states - the national parks in Poland and Sweden, helped to identify challenges and opportunities in order to draw conclusions for Turkey.The main findings of this qualitative study revealed different approaches used by two of EU’s member states. While Sweden employed almost all services in national parks for free, Poland managed to create additional incomes by charging different fees to the visitors. Despite this, the incomes generated by tourism generally found insufficient in both case studies in order to cover the expenses. EU’s funding programmes here played crucial role in supporting the protected areas. Furthermore, through horizontal legislation of EU, Poland managed to fight against destructive investments planned in these sites. Educational outcomes of tourism in protected areas, and their possible contribution to the needs of environment protection were pointed out by all the participants. Hence, despite the common preoccupation, tourism in the study areas determined as a positive tool to increase awareness among society members about the necessity of environment protection. Overall, the findings demonstrated that Turkey can benefit N2K sites and its directives in a number of different aspects mentioned above.

With an increasing urban population, urban areas around the world face great challenges in sustaining its inhabitants without losing its natural values. Fragmentation of the urban green areas is inevitable, causing the biodiversity to decline and the ecosystem services to weaken. In Stockholm, ten large green areas stretch from the inner parts of the city outwards to the more rural parts of the county -these are called the green wedges of Stockholm. The green wedges bring nature closer to the urban dwellers and strengthen the urban ecosystems, which provides the citizens with vital ecosystem services. The population of Stockholm is growing rapidly and is expected to increase with almost 50% by 2050, putting a massive pressure on the development of new dwellings. Suitable and vacant areas for exploitation are rare and so the green areas around and within the city are often encroached or destroyed. The green wedge area is decreasing due to exploitation and there is no real means of protection for a majority of the wedges. The comprehensive plans [översiktsplaner] and regional plans [regional planer] are not legally binding, hence the continuous infringing of the green wedge area. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the green wedges of Stockholm, its past, present and future challenges as well as possible solutions. By using methods such as GIS analysis, a decrease of green wedge area in the new regional development plan RUFS 2050 compared to the old regional development plan RUFS 2010 was found. The green wedges are diminishing and only a small part, 24 %, is protected. New ways of protecting the green wedge area could be relevant to enable a suitable inclusion within urban planning. A sustainable urban region with a healthy and sound population is dependent on green areas close to residential areas. When encroaching parts of the green wedges it will have an impact on the green infrastructure within the whole of Stockholm County, which, inevitably, will affect the urban ecosystems that provide essential ecosystem services to the city dwellers. There is a need for a clear political vision, proper legally binding guidelines as well as improved and extensive inter-municipal collaborations to make the future of the green wedges prosperous.