In the thesis we investigate two problems on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in differential geometry and fluid mechanics. First, we prove the weak L^p continuity of the Gauss-Codazzi-Ricci (GCR) equations, which serve as a compatibility condition for the isometric immersions of Riemannian and semi-Riemannian manifolds. Our arguments, based on the generalised compensated compactness theorems established via functional and micro-local analytic methods, are intrinsic and global. Second, we prove the vanishing viscosity limit of an incompressible fluid in three-dimensional smooth, curved domains, with the kinematic and Navier boundary conditions. It is shown that the strong solution of the Navier-Stokes equation in H^r+1 (r > 5/2) converges to the strong solution of the Euler equation with the kinematic boundary condition in H^r, as the viscosity tends to zero. For the proof, we derive energy estimates using the special geometric structure of the Navier boundary conditions; in particular, the second fundamental form of the fluid boundary and the vorticity thereon play a crucial role. In these projects we emphasise the linkages between the techniques in differential geometry and mathematical hydrodynamics.

Ce travail de thèse concerne l'étude numérique du transport par charriage d'un lit de grain dans un écoulement de Couette laminaire. La méthode numérique employée est un modèle de type Euler-Lagrange, où la taille de la cellule de calcul eulérienne est supérieure mais du même ordre de grandeur que le diamètre moyen des grains. Elle repose pour la phase fluide Eulérienne sur les équations de Navier-Stokes moyennées par un terme de porosité et pour la phase solide Lagrangienne sur les équations de Newton résolues pour chaque particule via une méthode aux éléments discrets. Un terme d'interaction fluide-particule permet de coupler les deux phases. Dans un premier temps, des simulations en petit domaine sont effectuées afin d'étudier l'influence du nombre de Shields , du nombre de Reynolds particulaire Rep et du rapport de densité p/f sur le transport granulaire. Nous montrons, en particulier, que ce modèle numérique permet de retrouver le seuil de mise en mouvement du lit granulaire et les lois de débit granulaire fonction de comme obtenus dans la littérature. De plus, il est mis en évidence que ce débit granulaire q ne dépend que plus faiblement de Rep et p/f. Dans un second temps, des simulations sur de longs domaines permettent d'observer l'influence de ces mêmes paramètres sur le développement d'instabilités. Plus particulièrement, le développement de l'instabilité de lit sur les temps courts et sur les temps longs sont discutés. / This work deals with local numerical simulations of laminar shear flow eroding a bed of spherical particles. The numerical method used is an Euler-Lagrange model, based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations, averaged over cells containing several particles, and Newton's equations for the solid phase using the discrete element method (DEM). The averaging procedure brings out a solid volume fraction term for the fluid phase, which mimics the porosity of the effective medium. A fluid-particle interaction term enables a two-way coupling. Firstly simulations are performed on a relatively small domain, allowing to reach a steady state without any instability development. The influence of the Shields number , the particle Reynolds number Rep and the density ratio p/f is observed independently from each other. Simulations agrees well with experiments and lower scale simulations, giving a granular transport largely governed by the Shields number compared to the other dimensionless numbers and a pretty good estimation of the threshold Shields number c, which delineates static and moving bed. Secondly, simulations on a larger domain are performed in order to capture the formation and the development of ripples. The influence of the three dimensionless numbers on the ripple characteristics, such as wavelength or amplitude, is investigated. These preliminary results seems to be in a reasonable agreement with experimental and simulation data. In particular, the relative influence of and Rep is discussed.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le caractère bien posé, le contrôle et la stabilisation de quelques modèles d'écoulements fluides. Dans la première partie, on s'intéresse aux équations de Navier-Stokes compressibles 1D. Un résultat de contrôlabilité locale aux trajectoires par contrôle frontière est établi sous l'hypothèse géométrique de vidage du domaine par le flot de la trajectoire cible. La principale nouveauté de ce travail est que les trajectoires cibles peuvent être choisies non constantes. Dans la deuxième partie, nous travaillons sur un modèle de frontière immergée dans un fluide visqueux incompressible en 2D et 3D. Contrairement à la méthode des frontières immergées de Peskin où la force générée par la structure dépend de ses propriétés élastiques et géométriques, nous considérons que la force de la structure est une donnée du système. Nous montrons alors des résultats d'existence locale en temps et en tout temps à données petites de solutions fortes. Ce travail est un premier pas vers l'analyse mathématique de la méthode des frontières immergées de Peskin. Dans la dernière partie, nous étudions la stabilisation d'une interface entre deux couches de fluides visqueux non miscibles soumis à l'effet de tension de surface en 2D et 3D. Nous montrons qu'au moyen d'un contrôle de dimension finie agissant sur une partie de la frontière d'un seul des deux fluides, le système est exponentiellement stabilisable à tout taux de décroissance autour de la configuration plate avec fluides au repos. Ce travail est une première étape dans l'étude de la stabilisation des instabilités de Rayleigh-Taylor. / In this work we study the well-posedness, the control and the stabilization of some fluid flow models. First, we focus on the 1D compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Under a geometric assumption on the flow of the target velocity corresponding to the possibility of emptying the domain under the action of the flow, we prove the local exact boundary controllability to trajectory. The main novelty of this work is that the target trajectory can now depend on time and space. In the second part, we study a model of an immersed boundary in an incompressible viscous fluid in 2D and 3D. Contrary to Peskin's Immersed Boundary Method where the boundary force depends on the elastic properties of the structure and its geometry, we consider that the boundary force is a given data. Two results are established: a local in time existence of strong solutions and an existence of strong solutions for all time with small data. This work is a first step on the mathematical analysis of Peskin's Immersed Boundary Method. Finally, we are interested in the stabilization of the interface between two fluid layers coupled through surface tension effect in 2D and 3D. We prove that the system is exponentially stabilizable at any rate around a flat configuration with fluids at rest using a control of finite dimension acting locally at one fluid boundary. This work is a first step in the study of the stabilization of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities.

Submitted by Hugo Leonardo França (franca.hugo1@gmail.com) on 2018-10-04T18:04:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-HugoFranca.pdf: 3793817 bytes, checksum: 12fb2ae28a169e9a5f6d50a5bce46b71 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO ASSUNÇÃO (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-10-04T18:51:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 franca_hl_me_prud.pdf: 3820297 bytes, checksum: dafdb7b68a6401f200440004051ffa37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T18:51:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franca_hl_me_prud.pdf: 3820297 bytes, checksum: dafdb7b68a6401f200440004051ffa37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-10 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo de um método numérico para resolver as equações de Navier-Stokes incompressíveis em escoamentos que possuem superfícies livres e mudanças topológicas. As equações governantes são resolvidas por um método de projeção que desacopla as incógnitas velocidade e pressão. A discretização é feita através de aproximações por diferenças finitas aplicadas a uma malha computacional não-uniforme. O método numérico é aplicado para a solução de problemas envolvendo fluidos Newtonianos e não-Newtonianos. Em particular, os efeitos viscoelásticos são descritos pelo modelo Oldroyd-B, utilizando a formulação Cartesiana clássica e uma forma alternativa para a decomposição da parte polimérica do tensor tensão extra. Esta estratégia alternativa de decomposição, conhecida como Formulação Tensão Natural, é muito atual e resultados numéricos são originalmente discutidos neste trabalho. O novo código com malha nãouniforme é testado nos seguintes problemas: escoamento na cavidade (lid-driven cavity), escoamento no cross-slot, e escoamento no canal com contração. A representação da superfície livre é feita através do método Front-Tracking, que descreve a interface de forma explícita através de partículas marcadoras. O algoritmo de mudanças topológicas é baseado em uma técnica que detecta e desfaz embaraçamentos presentes na interface. Este algoritmo é testado em simulações numéricas como: o impacto entre uma gota e uma camada de fluido, o impacto entre gotas e uma parede rígida, e o alongamento de um jato pela tensão superficial. / This work presents the study of a numerical method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for free-surface flows that undergo topological changes. The governing equations are solved through a projection method that decouples the velocity and pressure fields. The discretization is performed via finite differences approximations applied to a non-uniform mesh. The numerical scheme is applied for solving Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid flows. In particular, the viscoelastic effects are described by the Oldroyd-B model, using the classic Cartesian formulation and also an alternative approach for the decomposition of the polimeric part of the extra stress tensor. This alternative decomposition strategy is known as Natural Stress Formulation, and numerical results are originally discussed in this work. The new code with a non-uniform mesh is tested in the following problems: the lid-driven cavity, the cross-slot problem, and the flow through a channel with contraction. In order to represent the free-surface, a Front-Tracking method that describes the interface explicitly using marker particles is used. The algorithm for topological changes is based in a technique that detects when the interface is tangled and untangles it. This algorithm is tested in numerical simulations such as: the impact between a drop and a layer of fluid, the impact between drops and a solid wall, and the jetting break-up process under the effect of surface tension. / FAPESP: 2016/00456-2

Orientador: João Batista Campos Silva / Banca: Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos / Banca: Edson Luiz Zaparoli / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a simulação numérica de escoamentos de fluidos incompressíveis pelo método de elementos finitos baseado em volumes de controle (CVFEM) utilizando a metodologia de simulação das grandes escalas. As equações governantes são filtradas para a simulação das variáveis de grandes escalas e as escalas sub-malhas, que aparecem devido ao processo de filtragem, são modeladas por meio do modelo de viscosidade turbulenta de Smagorinsky. O domínio é discretizado em malha não estruturada formada por elementos finitos triangulares de seis nós e as equações são integradas em volumes de controle formados em torno dos nós dos elementos. O presente código numérico foi validado aplicando-o a alguns problemas-testes e os resultados, comparados com os disponíveis na literatura. Os casos testes foram o escoamento em uma cavidade quadrada induzido pelo movimento da parede superior, e escoamento por convecção natural em uma cavidade quadrada. Os resultados obtidos, no presente trabalho, concordaram com os resultados da literatura. / Abstract: The main purpose of this work is the numerical simulation of incompressible fluid flows by a control volume finite element method (CVFEM) using the methodology of large-eddy simulation. The domain is discretized using unstructured mesh of six-noded triangular finite elements and the equations are integrated into control volumes around the nodes of the finite elements. The government equations are filtered for simulation of the large scales variables and the sub-grid scales appearing due to the filtering process are modeled through the eddy viscosity model of Smagorinsky. Two-dimensional benchmark problems are solved to validate the numerical code and the results are presented and compared with available results from the literature. The test cases were the lid-driven cavity flow and natural convection flow inside a square cavity. The obtained results, in the present work, agree with results from the literature. / Mestre

This paper develops a numerical algorithm that produces finite element solutions for a broad class of partial differential equations. The method is based on steepest descent methods in the Sobolev space H¹(Ω). Although the method may be applied in more general settings, we consider only differential equations that may be written as a first order quasi-linear system. The method is developed in a Hilbert space setting where strong convergence is established for part of the iteration. We also prove convergence for an inner iteration in the finite element setting. The method is demonstrated on Burger's equation and the Navier-Stokes equations as applied to the square cavity flow problem. Numerical evidence suggests that the accuracy of the method is second order,. A documented listing of the FORTRAN code for the Navier-Stokes equations is included.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_kpm_me_ilha.pdf: 4592597 bytes, checksum: 54231cd87b58b957eaaa00ebf38e513b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho trata da elaboração de um aplicativo computacional em Visual Basic capaz de gerar malhas estruturadas e não estruturadas sobre domínios bidimensionais multiplamente conexos. Esta geração deverá ocorrer de modo bastante automático com pouca intervenção do usuário, a qual será efetuada através de uma interface gráfica amigável. Para armazenamento das malhas definiu-se uma estrutura de dados de fácil compatibilidade com aplicativos computacionais baseados no método dos elementos finitos para solução de problemas do tipo convectivo-difusivo. Os tipos de células (elementos finitos) que foram implementadas são: células triangulares lineares e células quadrilaterais quadráticas. Adicionalmente gerou-se malhas bidimensionais para solução de problemas clássicos do tipo convectivo-difusivo, utilizando-se códigos de elementos finitos já desenvolvidos por pesquisadores do grupo de pesquisa. / The mesh generation is needed in many applications of numerical methods such as finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. In this work the algebraic method has been applied to generate 2D structured and unstructured mesh of quadrilateral and triangular elements by using Visual Basic. Both linear and quadratic elements can be generated. The connectivity, the nodes coordinates and contour nodes can be saved in an automatic way for a posterior use in, for example, a solver of finite element methods. A friendly interface has been developed for easy usage by users. Some tests have been done in applications of convective-diffusive fluid flows problems using solvers previously constructed, based on finite elements methods to demonstrate the capabilities of the mesh generator.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zachi_jm_me_ilha.pdf: 1606668 bytes, checksum: df36f4d5d30c079b2b8faf62fd202730 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a simulação numérica de escoamentos de fluidos incompressíveis pelo método de elementos finitos baseado em volumes de controle (CVFEM) utilizando a metodologia de simulação das grandes escalas. As equações governantes são filtradas para a simulação das variáveis de grandes escalas e as escalas sub-malhas, que aparecem devido ao processo de filtragem, são modeladas por meio do modelo de viscosidade turbulenta de Smagorinsky. O domínio é discretizado em malha não estruturada formada por elementos finitos triangulares de seis nós e as equações são integradas em volumes de controle formados em torno dos nós dos elementos. O presente código numérico foi validado aplicando-o a alguns problemas-testes e os resultados, comparados com os disponíveis na literatura. Os casos testes foram o escoamento em uma cavidade quadrada induzido pelo movimento da parede superior, e escoamento por convecção natural em uma cavidade quadrada. Os resultados obtidos, no presente trabalho, concordaram com os resultados da literatura. / The main purpose of this work is the numerical simulation of incompressible fluid flows by a control volume finite element method (CVFEM) using the methodology of large-eddy simulation. The domain is discretized using unstructured mesh of six-noded triangular finite elements and the equations are integrated into control volumes around the nodes of the finite elements. The government equations are filtered for simulation of the large scales variables and the sub-grid scales appearing due to the filtering process are modeled through the eddy viscosity model of Smagorinsky. Two-dimensional benchmark problems are solved to validate the numerical code and the results are presented and compared with available results from the literature. The test cases were the lid-driven cavity flow and natural convection flow inside a square cavity. The obtained results, in the present work, agree with results from the literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_vd_me_ilha.pdf: 1970071 bytes, checksum: 74646e1883439e38fa62ff7f34d06488 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho foram feitas simulações de escoamentos incompressiveis por um método de elementos finitos de mínimos quadrados (LSFEM – Least Squares Finite Element Method), usando as formulações velocidade-pressão-vorticidade e velocidade-pressão-tensão, denominadas na literatura de formulações u − p −ω e u = p −τ respectivamente. Estas formulações são preferidas por resultarem em sistemas de equações diferenciais de primeira ordem, o que é mais conveniente para implementação pelo LSFEM. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a simulação computacional de escoamentos laminares, transicionais e turbulentos através da aplicação da metodologia de simulação de grandes escalas (LES – Large Eddy Simulation) com o modelo de viscosidade turbulenta de Smagorinky para modelar as tensões submalha. Alguns problemas padrões foram resolvidos para validar um código computacional desenvolvido e os resultados são apresentados e comparados com resultados disponíveis na literatura. / In this work simulations of incompressible fluid flows have been done by a Least Squares Finite Element Method (LSFEM) using the velocity-pressure-vorticity and velocity-pressurestress formulations, named, in the literature, u − p −ω and u = p −τ formulations respectively. These formulations are preferred because the resulting equations are partial differential equations of first order, which is more convenient for implementation by LSFEM. The main purpose of this work are the numerical computations of laminar, transitional and turbulent fluid flows through the application of large eddy simulation (LES) methodology using the LSFEM. The Navier- Stokes equations in u − p −ω and u = p −τ formulations are filtered and the eddy viscosity model of Smagorinsky is used for modeling the sub-grid-scale stresses. Some benchmark problems are solved for validate a developed numerical code and the preliminary results are presented and compared with available results from the literature.

Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2017-01-26T13:30:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7840328 bytes, checksum: 74229a382309ea0fcf42de5818cc899a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T13:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7840328 bytes, checksum: 74229a382309ea0fcf42de5818cc899a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / The aim of this work deals with the analysis of the mutual interaction between flow and magnetic fields that develops in a parallel-plate channel as soon as an external magnetic field is applied transversely to the plates. The fluid, electrically conductive, enters the channel under any velocity profile and will have its natural development within the channel changed by the applied magnetic field. With a coupled two-way interaction, the field will also be affected by the flow. The study of these interactions will be made from the two-dimensional version of the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations in the stream function formulation, coupled with the transport equation of the magnetic field. The solution of the governing equations will be obtained by the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT). The results obtained for the velocity field, magnetic field and temperature field, as well as the associated scalar functions, are produced and compared with the literature on the basis of the main parameters of government: Reynolds number (Re), magnetic Reynolds number (Rem) and Hartmann number (Ha). In order to illustrate the consistency of the generalized integral transform technique, convergence analysis, are also performed and presented. / O objetivo do presente trabalho trata da análise da interação mútua escoamento/campo magnético que se desenvolve no interior de um canal de placas planas e paralelas ao se aplicar um campo magnético externo transversal. O fluido, eletricamente condutor, entra no canal sob um perfil qualquer de velocidade, e terá seu desenvolvimento natural afetado pelo campo magnético aplicado. Com uma interação acoplada de duas vias, o campo também será afetado pelo escoamento. O estudo dessas interações será efetuado a partir de uma formulação bidimensional das equações de Navier-Stokes, na formulação em função corrente, para escoamento em regime permanente, acoplada à equação de transporte do campo magnético. A solução das equações governantes será obtida através da Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada (GITT). Os resultados obtidos para o campo de velocidade e campo magnético, bem como suas funções escalares associadas, são produzidos e comparados aos da literatura em função dos principais parâmetros de governo: número de Reynolds (Re), número de Reynolds magnético (Rem) e número de Hartmann (Ha). Com o objetivo de ilustrar a consistência da técnica da transformada integral generalizada, análises de convergência são também efetuadas e apresentadas.