nÃo hà / O tema desta pesquisa està centrado na relaÃÃo entre PolÃtica PÃblica de Turismo e o Desenvolvimento Local, tendo o municÃpio de Paraipaba/CE como foco de investigaÃÃo. Buscou-se compreender de que forma o turismo, sendo uma atividade contraditÃria e apropriando-se do territÃrio como mercadoria, conseguiria proporcionar desenvolvimento a partir da valorizaÃÃo dos atores locais, tendo como base um modelo sustentÃvel. No caso em estudo, concluiu-se que a induÃÃo da polÃtica de turismo promovida pelo Programa de Desenvolvimento do Turismo do Nordeste (PRODETUR/NE I) no desenvolvimento de Paraipaba/CE nÃo se confirmou, apresentando-se aquÃm daquilo estabelecido nos objetivos do Programa e do que foi propagado nos discursos dos decisores pÃblicos. Houve uma concentraÃÃo excessiva dos recursos em projetos de infra-estrutura, em consonÃncia com a macro-estratÃgia estadual voltada para a captaÃÃo de investimentos externos. Por outro lado, observou-se que a descontinuidade polÃtico-administrativa, a desestruturaÃÃo dos ÃrgÃos municipais e a rotatividade de pessoal, refletiram na debilidade da organizaÃÃo administrativa e na gestÃo municipal. Tal acontecimento permitiu inferir que a dimensÃo institucional à necessÃria e indispensÃvel à busca de um modelo eficiente de desenvolvimento local e integrado atravÃs de uma polÃtica pÃblica de turismo. / This researchâs theme is centered on the relation between the Public Tourism Politics and the Local Development, having Paraipabaâs county as the focus of the investigation. It was tried to comprehend in which way tourism, being a contradictory activity and appropriated as territory merchandise, would provide development, from the valuation of the local people, having it based on a sustainable model. In this studying case, it was concluded that the tourism induction in the Paraipaba development wasnât confirmed, reporting the opposite of what was established on the goal of the Program and to what was diffused by speeches of the public governors. There was an excessive concentration of the investments applications on the infrastructure, according to the state macro strategy based on the attraction of foreign investments. The political and administrative discontinuity, the destructuring of the county organ and the staff turnover, reflected on the weakness of the administrative organization and on the county management. It was concluded that the institutional dimension to the local and integrated development of the county is very important for the search of an efficient model of governance.

Tax Crimes Abstract The diploma thesis deals with tax crimes. The aim is to create a systematic overview and evaluation of the current criminal law of tax crimes in the legal order of the Czech Republic. The initial chapter focuses on the general definition of terms, including developmental stages of tax crimes, which mentions the reintroduction of criminality in the preparation of tax evasion, charge and similar mandatory payments in the Criminal Code in specific cases. The next chapter is devoted to a historical evolution into the development of tax crime legislation. The third chapter analyzes the legislative framework of the criminal law regulation of tax crimes in the Czech legal system. As part of the analysis of the crime tax fraud is explained how carousel fraud abusing the tax system within the EU works, as it is one of the most exploited tax evasions in the field of value added tax. This chapter also pays attention to the principle of nemo tenetur ipsum accusare in connection with taxation of income that originated from criminal activities. The next chapter deals with the prevention of tax evasion, with an emphasis on reverse-charge, which is based on the principle that the obligation to declare value added tax is transferred from the provider to its recipient. I follow up with the criminal...

Optical Transport Network is a set of Optical Network Elements (NE) connected by optical fiber links able to provide support for optical networking using Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM). In order to be able to introduce link-level applications that require NE-to-NE communication in a packet-optical network, an embedded communication channel is needed. Examples of such applications are dual-ended protection, remote configurationand path trace. By implementing a NE-to-NE communication channel, the exchange of commands and information will allow for implementation of applications that will increase the data link stability in the network. The purpose of this work has been to prove the feasibility of such a channel. This thesis discusses the possibilities of implementing such a channel adjusted to Transmode's layer 1 products without causing disturbance inthe regular traffic or affecting any existing embedded communication. It also proves the channels function in a proof-of-concept manner by demonstrating a simple Path trace application run upon an implementation of the channel on hardware. The chosen solution is an Embedded Communication Channel driver intended to provide termination points for an Embedded Communication Channel (ECC), supervising the connectivity of the channel and relay messages to applications. This thesis project has been carried out at Infinera Corporation (earlier Transmode Systems AB) during summer/autumn 2015.

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Santrauka Darbas – kiekvieno žmogaus sąmoninga veikla, kuri yra nukreipta į tam tikrą tikslą, kuris pasiekiamas naudojant fizinę ir protinę energiją. Žmogus savo darbu sukuria produktą ar teikia tam tikras paslaugas, kurios tenkina kitų žmonių poreikius. Nuo darbingų žmonių darbo priklauso ekonomikos lygis. Jeigu šalies gyventojai gali pagaminti daugiau prekių, teikti daugiau paslaugų, tai ekonomika galės aprūpinti darbuotojus vis geresniais įrankiais, užtikrinti platesnes galimybes, o tai reikš, kad bus pagaminama vis daugiau prekių, ir bus pastebimas ekonomikos augimas. Augant darbo našumui didėja produkcijos gamybos apimtis. Darbas darosi vis našesnis, o visuomenė turtingesnė ir laimingesnė. Trumpa ekonominė apžvalga pagrindžia, kad šiuo metu mūsų šalyje ekonominė padėtis nėra stabili, didelė bedarbystė, lėtai augantis darbo užmokestis, o minimalus darbo užmokestis vienas iš mažiausių Europos Sąjungoje. Valstybė negali aprūpinti darbu visų norinčių ir galinčių dirbti, visuomenė netenka galimybės pagaminti ir įsigyti papildomų prekių ir paslaugų, prarandamas vertingas resursas: potencialios prekės ir patarnavimai – šalis netenka dalies nacionalinio produkto, nes jis nėra pagaminamas. Dėl gamybos apimčių mažėjimo atsiranda nedarbas, darbuotojų paklausai viršijant pasiūlą, mažėja darbo pamokėjimas, didėja galimybė būti atleistam iš darbo. Visa tai sukelia neigiamas emocijas žmonių tarpe. Valstybei, nepadedant sukurti pakankamai darbo vietų, žmonės liks be pajamų pragyvenimui... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary Maintaining Work Discipline Work is a person’s conscious physical or mental effort or activity directed toward accomplishing a certain goal. When working, a human being produces goods or provides services that satisfy the needs of other people. A country’s economy depends on the efforts of those capable to work. If a population can produce more goods and provide more services, the economy will be able to supply workers with ever-improving tools and ensure them broader opportunities, which in its turn means that more and more goods will be produced and economic growth will be observed. Rising productivity leads to the increase of production volume. Work efficiency keeps growing and society becomes wealthier and happier. However, the brief economic overview emphasizes that at present the economic situation in Lithuania is not stable, unemployment is high, salaries and wages are slow to increase, and the minimum wage is among the lowest in the European Union. The country’s economy cannot provide job places for everyone capable and willing to work; as a result, society fails to produce and acquire additional goods and services thus losing a valuable resource – potential output of goods and services. The economy therefore is deprived of a part of the national product because it is not produced. Due to the decrease in the total output, the supply of workers exceeds the demand, unemployment soars, wages plunge, and the likelihood to be dismissed from a job rises dramatically... [to full text]

Close coupling scattering calculations have been conducted for the para spin modification of H₂-{He, Ne and Ar}. The XC(fit) potential energy surfaces for H₂-Ne and H₂-Ar have been used for calculations for these two systems, while a newly fitted version of the Schaefer and Kohler potential energy surface was used for the H₂-He system. The fitting procedure employs nine modified Lennard-Jones oscillator functions to describe accurately 90% of the original tabulated potential energy surface to better than 12% error. The scattering calculations for H₂-Arfailed at higher energies due to the presence of a previously undocumented potential energy surface turn-over at R less than 1. 0 Angstroms. Manifold-to-manifold v=1 vibrational relaxation calculations for each of these systems are compared with other experimental and theoretical calculations. These comparisons demonstrate a common discrepancy between previous calculations and the current calculations for each system. The current vibrational relaxation rate constants are generally too small when compared to low temperature values of Audibert et al. and Orlikowski, and the high temperature values obtained by Flower et al. and Dove andTeitelbaum. The current calculations indicate the presence of a dramatic up-turn in the low temperature H₂-He rate constants. Other experimental and theoretical treatments do not exhibit this same up-turn, which is puzzling. A set of follow-up calculations featuring a larger basis set (such as the {16,12,10,8} Flower et al. basis set) and a larger manifold of included relaxation pathways are needed to improve these calculations.

<p>Model psiholo&scaron;ke (ne)fleksibilnosti čini osnovu terapije prihvatanjem i posvećeno&scaron;ću. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su ispitivanje potencijalnih kognitivnih i personolo&scaron;kih determinanti različitih procesa psiholo&scaron;ke (ne)fleksibilnosti, prema pretpostavkama Kashdanovog i Rottenbergovog modela, kao i odnosa procesa psiholo&scaron;ke (ne)fleksibilnosti sa pokazateljima distresa. Uzorak je obuhvatio 229 ispitanika sa hroničnim bolestima, oba pola, starosti od 19 do 65 godina. Od toga je bilo 113 pacijenata sa relapsno-remitentnom multiplom sklerozom i 116 pacijenata sa hroničnim bolom različite lokalizacije usled bolesti mi&scaron;ićno-ko&scaron;tanog sistema, vezivnog tkiva i kranijalnih nerava. Upotrebljeni su upitnici kojima su operacionalizovani konstrukti psiholo&scaron;ke (ne)fleksibilnosti, osobine ličnosti, intenzitet tegoba, simptomi depresivnosti i anksioznosti, upitnik kojim su prikupljeni sociodemografski i anamnestički podaci i test koji je mera egzekutivnih funkcija. Ustanovljeno je da se pacijenti sa multiplom sklerozom ne razlikuju značajno od onih sa hroničnim bolom u procesima psiholo&scaron;ke (ne)fleksibilnosti (op&scaron;toj psiholo&scaron;koj nefleksibilnosti, kognitivnoj fuziji, punoj svesnosti i prihvatanju tegoba hronične bolesti), ali su pacijenti sa multiplom sklerozom značajno sporiji u odnosu na pacijente sa<br />hroničnim bolom prilikom jednostavnog i kompleksnog konceptualnog praćenja &ndash; deo egzekutivnog kontrolnog sistema. Osim toga, postoji tendencija da je kod pacijenata sa multiplom sklerozom Savesnost niža u odnosu na pacijente sa hroničnim bolom, a kod pacijenata sa hroničnim bolom postoji trend da je anksioznost vi&scaron;a u odnosu na osobe sa multiplom sklerozom. Kada se pacijenti podele na psiholo&scaron;ki fleksibilne i nefleksibilne, nefleksibilni pacijenti imaju značajno vi&scaron;i Neuroticizam, niži Pozitivan afektivitet, vi&scaron;i nivo depresivnih i anksioznih simptoma i manje prihvataju svoju hroničnu bolest nego fleksibilni pacijenti. Na celom uzorku Neuroticizam se pokazao kao najznačajniji prediktor sva četiri procesa psiholo&scaron;ke (ne)fleksibilnosti. Snižen Pozitivan afektivitet i snižena Otvorenost ka iskustvu izdvajaju se kao značajni prediktori povi&scaron;enog prisustva kognitivne fuzije, ali samo kod osoba sa multiplom sklerozom, dok povi&scaron;ene iste osobine predviđaju povi&scaron;enu punu svesnost, bez obzira na bolest. U predikciji većeg prihvatanja bolesti/tegoba crta ličnosti koja je značajna je vi&scaron;e izražen Pozitivan afektivitet. &Scaron;to se tiče kognitivnih determinanti, sporo jednostavno konceptualno praćenje bilo je značajan prediktor povi&scaron;ene pune svesnosti i većeg prihvatanja bolesti. Osim toga, ispitivalo se i da li op&scaron;ti procesi psiholo&scaron;ke (ne)fleksibilnosti,<br />koji, dakle, nisu vezani za specifičan kontekst, svoj doprinos negativnim emocionalnim stanjima ostvaruju nezavisno od specifičnog procesa prihvatanja bolesti i/ili preko njega. Rezultati pokazuju da su ostvareni direktni efekti u obja&scaron;njavanju jednog dela varijanse simptoma depresivnosti i anksioznosti. Kada je reč o indirektnim efektima, op&scaron;ta psiholo&scaron;ka nefleksibilnost i kognitivna fuzija svoj doprinos simptomima depresivnosti ostvaruju preko oba aspekta prihvatanja hronične bolesti (aktivnog angažovanja i voljnosti da se iskuse tegobe), dok puna svesnost to čini preko voljnosti da se iskuse tegobe, kao i u slučaju anksioznih simptoma. Odgovori na postavljena istraživačka pitanja uglavnom su pružili potvrdu pretpostavljenih odnosa i razlika, ali po&scaron;to je istraživanje i eksplorativnog tipa, daju uvid u nove značajne relacije i doprinose među ispitivanim pojavama. Veruje se da će ovim istraživanjem biti skrenuta pažnja naučne i kliničke javnosti na tzv. sekundarnu patnju kod dve vrste hroničnih oboljenja, koja su česta na na&scaron;im prostorima, i na ono &scaron;to čini pacijente vulnerabilnim za takvu vrstu iskustava i pojavu distresa.</p>

Parallel application of national and Union competition law The adoption of regulation No. 1/2003 opened a discussion on admissibility of parallel application of national and EU competition law regarding the ne bis in idem principle. The aim of the thesis is to map the condition of this legal topic after ten years since the process of modernisation of EU competition law on the basis of the analysis of judicial decisions and relevant legal acts including EU Charter of fundamental rights that became a part of EU primary law since Lisbon Treaty. Three different cases are to be understood under the term parallel application. The cumulative application means a case where national competition authority applies both national and EU law to punish anticompetitive behaviour in one single proceedings. The second case is the parallel application on the EU territory, where there are several proceedings held by competition authorities parallelly. These proceedings are held either concurrently or consequently. Lastly, the parallel application going beyond the EU territory is the case where an anticompetitive behaviour that has already been punished by a competition authority of a non-member state is subject of proceedings held by competition authority in EU. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first...

While news media coverage of political protest is by no means a new topic of research for media scholars, few studies have attempted to unpack how and why protesters and protests have been legitimised within news media coverage, rather than covered with the expectation of violence occurring (Halloran et al. 1970), marginalised (Gitlin 1980), cast as threats to the social order (McLeod 1995), or denied the status of legitimate political players (Shoemaker 1984). This research project is an attempt to do just that. Therefore, this dissertation examines whether newspapers from the United Kingdom and United States accorded the opposition movement against then president Hosni Mubarak with favourable news coverage during the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. A content analysis of 611 newspaper articles from both British and American publications was conducted to determine whether the anti-Mubarak opposition was covered favourably, in addition to revealing what other dominant themes were present within the reporting. This study revealed that the anti-Mubarak opposition protesters were covered favourably by an overwhelming margin within both British (65 percent) and American (66 percent) newspaper articles, and put a particular emphasis on the political motivations galvanising the protests. Conversely, then-president Hosni Mubarak and the Egyptian government, and the Egyptian police and security services were portrayed as repressive actors within the reporting on the revolution. Furthermore, the anti-Mubarak opposition was featured most frequently as the first source within the reporting from either nation's newspapers. Another dominant theme emerging from the content analysis, and that was subsequently examined within the empirical chapters of this project, was that geopolitical considerations were frequently included within coverage from both British (60 percent) and American (76 percent) newspapers. Few studies have attempted to assess the prominence and role of geopolitics within the reporting of international politics (Myers et al. 1996). In summation, this research project questions the normative assumptions made about the relationship between the news media and protesters being antagonistic, and to understand how and why protest is granted legitimacy within media coverage of political crises.

O desenvolvimento de novos recursos terapêuticos capazes de acelerar o processo de reparo tem proporcionado avanços significativos no tratamento de lesões tendinosas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência da radiação LASER HeNe em cicatrização de tendões. Foi desenvolvido um modelo experimental de lesão de tendão de Aquiles através de um procedimento minimamente invasivo em coelhos adultos. Foram utilizados 40 animais distribuídos em quatro grupos de 10 animais (I, II III IV). No grupo I a lesão do tendão foi unilateral (pata direita) e o tendão lesado não recebeu estímulos com LASER. No grupo II a lesão foi unilateral (pata direita) e o tendão lesado recebeu estímulos com LASER. No grupo III a lesão do tendão foi bilateral e apenas a pata direita foi estimulada com LASER. No grupo IV foi realizada \"Sham Operation\" bilateralmente e apenas o tendão da pata direita recebeu estímulo com LASER. Todos os animais foram tratados com dose a 5 J/cm2 de forma pontual com contato direto durante 8 dias consecutivos, diariamente. Após este período os animais foram sacrificados e os tendões de Aquiles submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de tração em máquina de ensaio mecânico. Foram ensaiados 71 tendões, sendo 09 descartados. Embora não tenhamos observado diferença estatística significante nas comparações feitas entre os grupos, podemos notar que existiu uma tendência apontando que os tendões estimulados com LASER apresentaram resistência menor que os grupos controles. Estes resultados sugerem que o LASER diminuiu a resistência dentro das condições estudadas. Relevância Clínica: O presente trabalho mostra o conceito de que a irradiação LASER pode diminuir a resistência mecânica da cicatrização tendinosa em fases precoces do processo. / The development of new therapeutic resources addressing accelerating the repairing process has proportioned a meaningful advance in the treatment of tendon lesions. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the influence of He-Ne LASER radiation on tendon healing. An experimental model of Achilles tendon lesion was developed through a minimally invasive procedure in adults rabbits. We used 40 animals divided in groups of 10 animals each. In group I the tendon lesion was unilateral (right-paw) and the injured tendon did not receive LASER stimulation. In group II the lesion was unilateral (right-paw) and only, the injured side received LASER stimulation. In group III the tendon lesion was bilateral and only the right-paw was stimulated by LASER. In group IV bilateral sham operation was performed and only the right - paw received LASER stimulation. All the animals were treated with 5 J/cm2 dosis in a punctual way with direct contact for 8 successive days. After this period the animals were killed and the Achilles tendons were submitted to mechanical tests in traction on a mechanical testing machine. Seventy-one tendons were tested and 9 were discarded. No statiscally significant difference was observed in the comparison done between groups, however we could notice a tendency suggesting that the tendons stimulated by LASER presented a lesser mechanical resistance. These results suggest that LASER probably reduces the resistance in the studied conditions. Clinic Relevance: The present study supports the concept that LASER irradiation may induce an attenuation of the mechanical properties of the healing tendon in a very early phasis of the proccess.