This master's thesis is focused on the negative life style aspects of the female students of the South Bohemian University and then on the influence of these aspects on the state of health. The theoretical part of the thesis includes the literary sources dealing with this issue and the practical part is based on the quantitative research that is the evaluation of at least 300 questionnaires having been filled in by the female students of all faculties of the South Bohemian University. The questionnaire consists of 35 items focused on the following spheres of a life style: physical activity, diet and water intake, sleep and relaxation, prevention, stress, sexual intercourse and drugs. The results of the questionnaire were evaluated by Excel SPSS and also by Pearson's chi square test. The aim of the thesis was also to compare the results with the results of the previous similar researches and to add a recommendation for students' better life style which presents the main contribution of this thesis. Namely, it was found out that the students' freshness depends on the number of hours they sleep during the night, then it was found out the dependence between the usual time of falling asleep and the students' freshness, the existence of the dependence between smoking and drinking of alcohol and the relation between the negative attitude to the physical activity and the reduced frequency of its doing. Another interesting finding was the fact that female students use less contraception than in the year 2010. The most stressing factor presents the university or studying, the food intake is increased by stressful time, they usually spend 3 or 4 hours with the internet, almost a half of them have ever been on a diet for the purpose of losing weight and 50 % of them are not satisfied with their weight.

This diploma thesis deals the negative aspects of lifestyle of emergency workers in South Bohemia. The theoretical part describes the Integrated Rescue System and facility of emergency medical services. It also describes the concept of lifestyle and its possible negative aspects of nutrition, physical activity, stress, burnout syndrome, sleep quality and addictive substance abuse. For quantitative research were used a survey, which was attended by a total of 72 emergency workers belonging to area of České Budějovice. The practical part evaluates the responses and compares them with those hypotheses. The main identified negative aspects of lifestyle among respondents is: lack of physical activity, irregular eating habits, lack of sleep, irregular regeneration and relaxation, excessive stress and the impact of experiences from work to personal life.

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama é uma importante causa de morbimortalidade, é conhecido por ser uma doença heterogênea. A caracterização clínica e molecular de seus subtipos é fundamental para nortear o prognóstico e o tratamento dessas pacientes. Novos estudos são necessários na melhor caracterização dos tumores triplo-negativos. O estudo da expressão das claudinas pode auxiliar na caracterização desses tumores. OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação da expressão das claudinas 1, 3, 4 e 7 e E-caderina com variáveis clínico-patológicas e fatores prognósticos, em uma série de tumores de mama triplo-negativos (RE-, RP- e HER2-). MÉTODOS: 80 tumores triplo-negativos foram analisados por imunoistoquímica automatizada para as claudinas 1, 3, 4, 7 e E-caderina. A expressão imunoistoquímica foi avaliada pelo escore H (intensidade multiplicada pela porcentagem de marcação). Foram avaliadas as associações entre características clínico-patólogicas e o escore H. Para a avaliação prognóstica das pacientes, curvas de Kaplan-Meier foram construídas a partir dos dados de seguimento das pacientes e do escore H. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada associação significativa entre o alto escore H da CLDN-1 (HCLDN-1) e pacientes mais idosas e com a presença de necrose, alto escore H da E-caderina (HE-CAD) em pacientes mais jovens e baixo escore H da CLDN-7 (HCLDN-7) e Ki67 positivo. Além disso, pacientes com elevado HCLDN-1 tiveram menor sobrevida geral. Por outro lado, o elevado HCLDN-3 apresentou uma tendência à associação com maior sobrevida geral e sobrevida livre de doença. CONCLUSÕES: A expressão diferencial das claudinas e E-caderina podem auxiliar na caracterização clinico-patológica dos tumores triplo-negativos. Além disso, as claudinas 1 e 3 parecem ser fatores prognósticos para esses tumores. / INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is known to be a heterogeneous disease. The clinical and molecular characterization of its subtypes is critical to guide the prognosis and treatment of these patients. Further studies are needed for the best characterization of triple-negative tumors. The study of the expression of claudinas can aid in the characterization of these tumors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of expression of claudinas 1, 3, 4 and 7 and E-cadherin with clinicopathological variables and prognosis in a series of triple-negative breast cancers (ER-, PR- and HER2-). METHODS: 80 triple negative tumors were analyzed by automated immunohistochemistry for the claudins 1, 3, 4, 7 and E-cadherin. The immunohistochemical expression was assessed by H-Score (intensity multiplied by the percentage of staining). We evaluated the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and H-Score. For the prognostic assessment of patients, Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed from the follow-up data of patients and H-Score. RESULTS: We found a significant association between high H-Score of CLDN-1 (HCLDN-1) and older patients and the presence of necrosis, high H-Score of E-cadherin (H-CAD) in younger patients and low H-Score CLDN-7-(7-HCLDN) and Ki67 positive. Furthermore, patients with high-HCLDN1 had a lower overall survival. On the other hand, the high HCLDN-3 showed a trend toward association with greater overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Differencial expression of claudins and E-cadherin can help in clinic-pathological characterization of triple-negative tumors. Futhermore, claudin 1 and 3 appear to be prognostic factor for these tumors.

A esquizofrenia é um transtorno psiquiátrico grave, caracterizado por distúrbios do pensamento, prejuízo da lógica, alterações cognitivas e emocionais, e/ou isolamento social. Apesar da introdução de novos antipsicóticos, um grupo considerável de pacientes ainda é refratário aos tratamentos disponíveis. Além disso, a alta incidência de efeitos adversos leva à baixa adesão ao tratamento em esquizofrênicos. O desenvolvimento de tratamentos mais eficazes e com menor incidência de efeitos adversos, que aumentem a adesão ao tratamento e melhorem a qualidade de vida destes pacientes, é assim altamente desejável. Em uma expedição etnofarmacológica entre os Igbo na Nigéria identificou-se uma preparação a base de plantas usada no tratamento de pacientes com distúrbios mentais. O alcalóide indólico alstonina é o componente majoritário desta preparação, e possui um claro perfil comportamental de antipsicótico atípico em modelos animais de sintomas positivos, com aparentes vantagens em relação à clozapina. Este trabalho teve o objetivo principal de dar continuidade à caracterização de alstonina como fármaco antipsicótico. Demonstramos que este alcalóide aumenta a interação social e previne o déficit de interação social induzido por MK801 em camundongos, sugerindo utilidade da alstonina no manejo de sintomas negativos da esquizofrenia. Quanto ao mecanismo de ação, a avaliação do efeito de alstonina sobre as aminas biogênicas em córtex frontal e estriado de camundongos sugere que este alcalóide potencia a transmissão serotonérgica e aumenta o catabolismo intraneuronal de dopamina. Quanto aos possíveis efeitos adversos, dados preliminares mostram que alstonina não altera os níveis de prolactina, não induz ganho de peso corporal, mas impede a diminuição da glicemia induzida por jejum. Este trabalho confirma o perfil antipsicótico de alstonina bem como a possibilidade de um mecanismo de ação inovador. Os resultados justificam investimento em novos estudos, quer seja para o desenvolvimento de alstonina como fármaco, quer no sentido de trazer inovação farmacodinâmica tão necessária para avançar no tratamento da esquizofrenia. / Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness, characterized by alterations in thought, deficits in logical thinking, changes in cognition and emotion, and/or social isolation. Despite the introduction of newer antipsychotic drugs, a sizable number of patients are still refractory to the available medication. Moreover, the high incidence of side effects determines the low adhesion of patients to treatments. The development of more efficacious treatments with lower incidence of side effects, ameliorating adhesion to treatment and improving patient’s quality of life is, therefore, sorely wanted. During an ethnopharmacological expedition among the Igbo in Nigeria, a plant based treatment to mentally ill patients was identified. The indole alkaloid alstonine is the major component of this remedy and shown to have a clear behavioral profile of an atypical antipsychotic in rodent models, apparently with advantages in comparison to clozapine. This study had the main purpose of continuing the characterization of alstonine as an antipsychotic drug. We show that this alkaloid increases social interaction and prevents MK801-induced social withdrawal in mice, pointing to its utility in managing negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Regarding its mechanism of action, the effects of alstonine on biogenic amines in mice frontal cortex and striatum suggest that it enhances serotonergic neurotransmission and increases the intra neuronal catabolism of dopamine. In relation to possible side effects, preliminary data suggest that alstonine does not affect prolactin levels, does not induce gains in body weight, but prevents the expected fasting-induced decrease in glucose levels. This study corroborates the antipsychotic profile of alstonine, as well as the possibility of an innovative mechanism of action. These results justify further studies either to develop alstonine as a medication, or to bring pharmacodynamic innovation so sorely needed to move forward in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Seguindo as linhas de pesquisa que visam relacionar o impacto do relacionamento com os clientes aos resultados financeiros da empresa, o presente estudo procura avaliar o impacto do word-of-mouth (WOM) negativo no retorno da ação da empresa. O comportamento de falar mal da empresa por parte dos consumidores insatisfeitos pode destruir o valor dos market-based assets (customer equity e brand equity), comprometendo o desempenho das ações da companhia. Considerando a literatura existente, esta pesquisa busca identificar o impacto do WOM negativo no desempenho das ações das empresas no curto e no longo prazo. O primeiro estudo replica o modelo de Luo (2007) para identificar o impacto do WOM negativo nos retornos de curto prazo da ação das empresas. O segundo estudo busca verificar o impacto de longo prazo a partir da comparação do desempenho de portfólios compostos por ações de empresas em relação ao seu nível de reclamações. Os resultados do primeiro estudo convergiram em certa medida com os resultados apresentados por Luo (2007) para o setor bancário, apontando para um impacto negativo das reclamações no retorno da ação, mas foram mistos quando as empresas foram avaliadas individualmente. O segundo estudo demonstrou que o portfólio composto por ações de empresas menos reclamadas teve um retorno acumulado superior ao portfólio composto pelas ações mais reclamadas, além de apresentar um risco inferior ao risco de mercado. As implicações e limitações do estudo são discutidas e são sugeridas pesquisas futuras a partir deste estudo. / Following previous research that seek to integrate customer relationship impact to firm value, the present study focus to assess the impact of negative word-of-mouth (WOM) on stock returns. Dissatisfied customers that spread negative WOM about the company can ruin market-based assets (customer equity and brand equity) and hurt its performance. Based on present literature, this research seeks to identify the impact of negative WOM on stocks’ short and long term performances. The first study replicates Luo’s (2007) model to identify the short term impact of negative WOM on stock performance. The second aims to identify the long term impact of negative WOM by comparing the performance of portfolios created based on companies level of complaints. The first study accomplished to partially replicate the results found by Luo (2007) for banking industry, finding a negative impact of negative WOM on firm stock returns, although it found mixed results when the impact was assessed for each company individually. The second study demonstrates that a portfolio with less complained companies has a superior performance over a portfolio with more complained companies, while presenting a risk below market’s level. The results implications and limitations are discussed and further studies suggestions are made.

Text in Afrikaans / The purpose of this study was to determine the nature, origin and negative consequences of perfectionism and to set guidelines for the therapeutic handling of perfectionism. Two literature studies were done to investigate the phenomenon and therapeutic techniques with regards to perfectionsim. A questionnaire was developed as aid to the therapist to identify negative perfectionism and associated problem areas. An empirical study was done to investigate the effectivity of the questionnaire and to compose a program and guidelines for the therapist and perfectionist. Results of the study indicated that negative perfectionism resulted in affective, cognitive, interpersonal and behavioural consequences for the client. It further showed that it is necessary to find the origin of the client's perfectionism and to give them insight in their problem to enable the therapist to succesfully apply cognitive behavioral therapy. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Research suggests rumination and worry, which have typically been considered as strongly linked to depression and anxiety, respectively, may be better conceptualized through a transdiagnostic construct. According to Ehring and colleagues (2011), a construct broader than worry or rumination might be considered as Repetitive Negative Thinking. Ehring notes three key characteristics of repetitive negative thinking: the thinking is repetitive; it is at least partly intrusive; and it is difficult to disengage from. Two additional features include: individuals perceive it as unproductive and it captures mental capacity. This working definition of these five features formed the basis for the initial development and validation of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (Ehring, Zetsche, Weidacker, Wahl, Schönfeld, & Anke, 2011) which is intended to be a content-independent measure of RNT. The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire includes 15 total items with three items for each of the assumed characteristics of repetitive negative thinking (repetitive, intrusive, difficult to disengage from, unproductive, and capturing mental capacity). The PTQ is designed to assess for a common process found not only in individuals with prominent worry (as seen in GAD) or rumination (as seen in depression) but also in other diagnoses such as obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. In its current state, the PTQ remains largely untested, leaving its utility in the changing field questionable. The current study intended to assess the psychometric quality of the PTQ to ensure its usefulness as a potential diagnostic tool and as a reflection of Ehring’s model of RNT. The current study administered the PTQ to a large and diverse group of college students located at a Midwestern university. Additional measures were administered to assess the psychometric properties of the measure. Construct and convergent reliability were demonstrated through comparison between the PTQ and the other measures. Unexpectedly, the PTQ and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire demonstrated a positive correlation, suggesting the measures are tapping into similar constructs. The factor structure of the PTQ was of particular interest in the current study. Further assessment of the factors reportedly contained in the PTQ was valuable, not just to assess the quality of the measure, but also because doing so would provide support for or undermine the proposed definition and key characteristics believed to underlie the construct of repetitive negative thinking. In this study, a two factor model was best supported for the current data, through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. This finding prompts further consideration and research for the construct of repetitive negative thinking.

Construction of heavily loaded shallow foundations adjacent to deep foundation is generally avoided in common geotechnical engineering practice to minimize additional loads on deep foundations. However, with the growing trend of urbanization leading to a demand of new construction, it is not always possible to avoid such situation where a heavily loaded shallow foundation will be right next to the infrastructure resting on deep foundations. When this situation cannot be avoided, influence of soil pressures and deformations in soil, created by shallow foundation on adjacent deep foundation, must be evaluated. The study of interaction between deep foundations has been carried out by several researchers in terms of pile-soil-pile interaction. Similarly, there are many published studies on interaction between closely spaced shallow foundations in terms of bearing capacity and settlement. However, not much published literature is available for practicing engineers to analyze and design deep and shallow foundations when they are constructed adjacent to each other. Construction of heavily loaded mat adjacent to drilled shafts would cause complex interaction between the foundations. However, lateral stress and drag forces on the shafts resulting from the heavy load on the mat foundation are the two major factors that would affect the design and performance of shafts. Since there is not much literature and guidance available to analyze and design such kind of situation, a preliminary investigation was first carried out where magnitude of the drag forces and lateral forces on drilled shafts were estimated using simple geotechnical engineering principles. The limitations of preliminary analysis led to the need of more sophisticated analysis using finite element techniques. As a part of this research, a detailed parametric study using finite element techniques has been performed to better understand stress and deformation distributions, and develop simplified methods to analyze this type of problems. A stress bulb for lateral stresses under a uniformly loaded square foundation, similar to the pressure bulb for vertical stresses which is widely used in the geotechnical engineering practice, has been proposed, which provides a significant tool for practicing engineers to understand lateral stress distribution below a uniformly loaded square area and estimate lateral stresses on nearby deep foundations. Similarly, a deformation bulb under a uniformly loaded square foundation is proposed. A new term “Isodefers” has been proposed to refer the lines of equal deformation. Isodefers are also a significant tool for practicing engineers to understand vertical deformation distribution below a uniformly loaded square area and estimate drag forces on nearby deep foundations. A case study emerging from similar real life scenario has also been analyzed and results are discussed with suitable recommendations.

LEMOS, Solon Sales. Dialética Negativa: formação e resistência em Theodor Adorno. 2013. 95f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-27T14:29:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-SSLEMOS.pdf: 476832 bytes, checksum: f68f6fc4fb17469b428844bd681bf695 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-27T14:31:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-SSLEMOS.pdf: 476832 bytes, checksum: f68f6fc4fb17469b428844bd681bf695 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-27T14:31:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-SSLEMOS.pdf: 476832 bytes, checksum: f68f6fc4fb17469b428844bd681bf695 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The work we now have developed reflects on the process of education in Theodor Adorno from its proposed revision of the classic dialectic method transforming it into a Negative Dialectics Assuming that never at any time in history a man could tell so many achievements scientific and technological and never knew much about the heavenly bodies or the domain of nature and that parallel to these achievements has never been so much poverty in all its dimensions violence and exploitation of man by man will reflect along with Adorno on true role of reason in this historical context as an instrument in the service of late capitalism or the purpose of human action that seeks to free itself from the shackles of an " administered society " in the wake of these reflections it is necessary to seek the place it should occupy today philosophy on real understanding of what will be the human enlightenment as a means for the formation of autonomous individuals the path taken by science in the tracks of " instrumental reason " late industrial capitalism has reduced men to things such that the barbarity of Nazi concentration camps attest to the horror that is meant a society semi - formed , since the psychological mechanisms and economically structured that led to Aushiwitz not left behind but endures today on other forms of harassment and violence as racism reification class workers and discrimination against religious minorities and socioeconomic groups to name a few in seeking to overcome this condition mechanized and impersonal capitalist societies current method presents as Adorno and counterpoint to all this bourgeois structure of late capitalism in which his Negative Dialectics by reason critical if reshape the trajectory of Western philosophy resuming the moment this is lost on metaphysical concepts and absolutizantes and now must resume its course while knowledge to enable man to pass a condition heteronomous to an autonomous status through the resistance of non- -identification system late capitalist / O trabalho que ora desenvolvemos reflete sobre o processo de formação em Theodor Adorno a partir da sua proposta de reformulação do método dialético clássico transformando-o em uma Dialética Negativa Partindo do pressuposto de que jamais em momento algum da história o homem pôde contar com tantas realizações tecnológicas e científicas e nunca se soube tanto sobre os astros celestes ou o domínio da natureza e que paralelo a todas essas realizações nunca houve tanta miséria em todas as suas dimensões violência e exploração do homem pelo homem refletir-se-á juntamente com Adorno sobre o verdadeiro papel da razão no presente contexto histórico se como instrumento a serviço do capitalismo tardio ou como finalidade do agir humano que busca libertar-se dos grilhões de uma “sociedade administrada” Na esteira destas reflexões faz-se necessário buscar o lugar que deve hoje ocupar a filosofia no entendimento real do que venha a ser o esclarecimento humano como meio para a formação de indivíduos autônomos O caminho percorrido pela ciência nos trilhos da “razão instrumentalizada” do capitalismo industrial tardio tem reduzido os homens a coisas de tal forma que a barbárie dos campos de concentração nazista atesta o horror a que se destina uma sociedade semi-formada, uma vez que os mecanismos psicológicos e economicamente estruturados que levaram a Aushiwitz não ficaram para trás mas resistem hoje sobre outras formas de perseguição e violência como o racismo reificação da classe operária e discriminação de minorias etárias socioeconômicas e religiosas só para citar algumas Na busca de superação dessa condição mecanizada e impessoal das sociedades capitalistas atuais Adorno apresenta como método e contraponto a toda essa estrutura burguesa do capitalismo tardio sua Dialética Negativa na qual por meio de uma razão crítica se reformulará a trajetória da filosofia ocidental retomando o instante em que esta se perdeu em conceitos metafísicos e absolutizantes e que agora deve retomar seu curso enquanto conhecimento capaz de possibilitar ao homem a passagem de uma condição heterônoma a uma condição autônoma através da resistência da não-identificação ao sistema capitalista tardio

Introdução: A TB pulmonar com baciloscopia negativa (TPBN) representa 30-60% de todos os casos de TB. A mortalidade destes pacientes pode atingir 25% em populações com alta prevalência de infecção por HIV, e 10-20% da transmissão da TB, em níveis populacionais são atribuídos a casos de TPBN. Métodos: Um estudo retrospectivo foi desenvolvido para avaliar as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e radiológicas de pacientes com TPBN e comparar com pacientes diagnosticados como tendo TB pulmonar com baciloscopia positiva (TPBP). Todos os pacientes adultos (≥ 18 anos) com cultura positiva para Mycobacterium tuberculosis, e diagnóstico de TB pulmonar foram incluídos no estudo. Resultados: 198 pacientes preencheram os critérios do estudo (cultura positiva para Mycobacterium tuberculosis) e foram incluídos na análise. Destes, 69 (34,8%) tiveram cultura positiva (TPBP) e 129 (65,2%) cultura negativa (TPBN). Numa análise univariada, tosse, dispneia e hemoptise foram menos frequentes nos pacientes com baciloscopia negativa, em comparação com os com TPBP. Num modelo multivariável, não ter tosse e não ter padrão radiológico típico de TB foram características independentemente associadas com o diagnóstico de TPBN. Conclusões: Encontramos uma prevalência muito alta de TPBN entre pacientes com TB, num local com alta prevalência de TB e HIV. A ausência de tosse na presença de outros sintomas sugestivos de TB, e não ter padrão radiológico típico de TB foram preditores independentes para TPBN. / Introduction: Smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPT) represents 30-60% of all pulmonary TB cases. The mortality of these patients can reach 25% in populations with high prevalence of HIV infection, and 10-20% of TB transmission at the population level are attributable to SNPT cases. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate epidemiological, clinical, and radiological characteristics of patients with SNPT and to compare these with patients who were diagnosed as having smear-positive pulmonary TB (SPPT). All adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and a diagnosis of pulmonary TB were included in the study. Results: 198 patients met the inclusion criteria (positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and were included in the analysis. Of these patients, 69 (34,8%) were smear positive (SPPT) and 129 (65,2%) were smear negative (SNPT). In univariate analysis, cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis were less frequent in SNPT patients in comparison with SPPT patients. In a multivariate model, having no cough and no radiographic pattern typical of TB were the characteristics independently associated with a diagnosis of SNPT. Conclusions: We found a very high prevalence of SNPT among patients with TB in a setting with high TB and HIV prevalence. The absence of cough in the presence of other symptoms suggestive of TB, and having no radiographic pattern typical of TB where independent predictors of SNPT.