The aim of this study was to examine differences between happy and unhappy people, with respect to individuals interpretations, their attributonal style and in what way the priming effect is related to their attributional style and well-being. The participants were 74 senior high school and 21 undergraduate college students. Participants were asked to read a short story, some words were in bold type, and thereafter for their subjective perception of the words in bold type loading and memory of them in a recognition list. Attributional style was operationalized with an own constructed instrument. The results show that happy individuals interpreted more words as positive than negative in comparission with unhappy individuals. No correlation between participants well-being and global or attributional style for negative events were found. Both groups showed a tendency to be more optimistic than pessimstic for positive events. No differences were found for either memory or priming of loaded words. In sum the results suggest that happy individuals tend to conceive the world more positive.

<p>The aim of this study was to examine differences between happy and unhappy people, with respect to individuals interpretations, their attributonal style and in what way the priming effect is related to their attributional style and well-being. The participants were 74 senior high school and 21 undergraduate college students. Participants were asked to read a short story, some words were in bold type, and thereafter for their subjective perception of the words in bold type loading and memory of them in a recognition list. Attributional style was operationalized with an own constructed instrument. The results show that happy individuals interpreted more words as positive than negative in comparission with unhappy individuals. No correlation between participants well-being and global or attributional style for negative events were found. Both groups showed a tendency to be more optimistic than pessimstic for positive events. No differences were found for either memory or priming of loaded words. In sum the results suggest that happy individuals tend to conceive the world more positive.</p>

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliete Neves da Silva.pdf: 338303 bytes, checksum: 798b32445fc040401fe26fc1927b31e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13 / The goal of this study was the analysis of the existing relationship between two affective dimensions of the subjective well-being, strategies of coping, and sociodemographic factors in workers in the Municipal Department of Education, Science and Technology (SEMECT) in Anápolis (GO). For such, the most stressful events experienced were described in the work context, as well as the coping strategies most often used and the prevailing affects experienced. The sample was composed of 212 government workers engaged in administrative tasks and in teaching, the average age was that of 36,61 with (DP=8,59). The measuring instruments were: Coping Response Inventory and the Scale of Positive and Negative Affects at Work. The descriptive analysis of the estressores told in the scale of coping presents the relationary problems (56.1%) with the highest predominance. The strategies most used were: resolution of problems, logic analysis, and cognitive reevaluation. In what concerns the positive and negative factors, there was the prevalence of positive affects. The results of multiple regression applied to the predictive factors analysis of the positive affects indicated that the ability of positive reevaluation showed itself meaningful in the prediction of the positive affects and reflect the approximation of coping to its cognitive dimension. In reference to the socio-demographic variables (time of service, office function, and supervision) in relation to the coping strategies, only the ability to seek social guidance/support in the time of service dimension showed significance. / Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise das relações existentes entre as dimensões afetivas do bem-estar subjetivo, estratégias de coping e fatores sócio-demográficos em trabalhadores da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (SEMECT) de Anápolis (GO). Para tal, descreveram-se os tipos de eventos estressantes mais vivenciados no contexto do trabalho, as estratégias de coping mais utilizadas e identificou-se a prevalência dos afetos vivenciados. A amostra foi composta por 212 servidores ocupando funções administrativas e de docência, a idade média foi de 36,61 anos com (DP=8,59). Os instrumentos de medida foram: Coping Response Inventory e Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos no Trabalho. A análise descritiva dos estressores relatados na escala de coping apresenta os problemas relacionais (56,1%) com a maior predominância. As estratégias mais utilizadas foram: resolução de problemas, análise lógica e reavaliação cognitiva. No que concerne aos afetos positivos e negativos, houve prevalência dos afetos positivos. Os resultados de regressão múltipla aplicada à análise dos fatores preditivos dos afetos positivos apontaram que a habilidade de reavaliação positiva mostrou-se significativa na predição dos afetos positivos e reflete o coping de aproximação cognitiva. No que se refere às variáveis sócio-demográficas (tempo de serviço, função exercida e cargo de chefia) na relação com estratégias de coping, apenas a habilidade busca de guia/suporte social na dimensão tempo de serviço mostrou-se significativa.

Forskning visar att sexuellt våld är särskilt svårt för både utsatta och behandlare att närma sig och de flesta får ingen professionell hjälp för sin utsatthet. Särskild brist på kunskap verkar prägla området sexuellt våld i parrelationer. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur behandlares känslomässiga upplevelser i arbetet med sexuellt våld påverkar behandlingsarbetet med personer som har utsatts för eller utövat våld i parrelationer. Genom intervjuer med behandlare som arbetar specifikt med våld i nära relationer, och därmed kan antas möta många som både utsätts för och utövar sexuellt våld i parrelationer, kan studien bidra till att belysa en del av de utmaningar och svårigheter som arbetet med sexuellt våld kan föra med sig. Studien visar att sexuellt våld är ett område som kan väcka negativa känslor hos behandlarna. De som arbetar med utsatta talar något mer om psykisk smärta och vanmakt, medan ilska och skam framför allt nämns av de som arbetar med förövarna. Det sexuella materialet skapar en känsla av intimitet i behandlingsrummet som behandlarna ibland är oroliga för ska upplevas som invaderande av klienterna. Behandlarna talar om vikten av att kunna härbärgera klienternas svåra upplevelser, men det framgår också att det ibland är särskilt svårt att härbärgera sexuellt våld. Behandlarna upplever ibland en svår balansgång i arbetet med sexuellt våld, som bland annat handlar om att aktivt lyfta material som kan väcka skam och känslomässig smärta och samtidigt upprätthålla allians. Trots många berättelser om ett gott arbete med det sexuella våldet leder dessa utmaningar ibland till situationer när behandlarna mer eller mindre medvetet undviker att arbeta aktivt med det sexuella våldet. Behandlarna kan vilja skydda sig själva eller sina klienter från de negativa känslor och den kontrollförlust som samtal om sexuellt våld kan innebära. Det kan också handla om att skydda behandlingsrelationen från det potentiella hot som skam och sexualitet kan innebära. / Studies shows that sexual violence is a particulary difficult subject for both victims and professionals to talk about, most victims do not get any professional help to work through the experience. There is a particular lack of knowledge och research regarding the area sexual violence in partner relationships. The aim of this study is to investigate if counsellors affective responses in working with sexual violence influences how they deal with sexual violence in treatment. Through interviewes with counsellors who work specifically with violence in partner relationships, and thereby can be assumed to meet many both victims and perpetrators of sexual violence, the study contributes to put light on some of the challenges and difficulties that the subject brings. The study shows that sexual violence is an area that can trigger negative affects in counsellors. Those who work with victims speaks somewhat more about psychic pain and powerlessness while anger and shame chiefly is mentioned by those who work with perpetrators. The sexual content contributes to a feeling of intimacy in treatment whitch the counsellors sometimes worry will be percieved as invading by klients. The counsellors talk about the importance to harbour the difficult experiences of the klients, but also about the sometimes added difficulty to harbour sexual violence. They also experience a sometimes hard balancing act between lifting material that can be shameful and painful on one hand, and keeping the alliance intact on the other. Those challanges sometimes contributes to situations where the counsellors, more or less deliberately, avoids workning actively with the sexual violence. The councellors sometimes want to protect themselves or their clients from the negative feelings or the sense of loss of control that the sexual and violent material may entail. It can also be a matter of protecting the treatment relationship from the threat that shame and sexuality may entail.