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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Untersuchung des Einflusses mitochondrialer Polymorphismen auf die phänotypische Ausprägung der Neurofibromatose Typ 1 bei monozygoten Zwillingen

Detjen, Anne Katrin 21 November 2005 (has links)
Einleitung: Die Entdeckung somatischer homoplasmischer Mutationen der mitochondrialen DNA (mtDNA) in Tumoren gab Anlass zu der Frage, ob Mutationen der mtDNA einen Einfluss auf Entstehung und Wachstum von Tumoren haben könnten. Die Neurofibromatose Typ 1 (NF1, von Recklinghausen) ist eine der häufigsten erblichen Tumorerkrankungen mit einer Penetranz von 100%, aber hoher phänotypischer Variabilität. Selbst eineiige Zwillinge können sich erheblich in ihrem Phänotyp unterscheiden. Durch die ungleiche Verteilung der Mitochondriengenome auf die Embryonen könnten heteroplasmische mtDNA-Polymorphismen den Phänotyp der Neurofibromatose Typ 1 unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es herauszufinden, ob es interindividuelle Unterschiede in der mtDNA-Sequenz monozygoter Zwillinge gibt, die an Neurofibromatose Typ 1 erkrankt sind, sich jedoch im Phänotyp unterscheiden. Des Weiteren habe ich nach intraindividuellen Unterschieden der mtDNA-Sequenz zwischen Blut und Tumorgewebe gesucht. Die Frage war, ob es somatische mtDNA-Mutationen gibt, die einen Einfluss auf das Entstehen der Tumore haben könnten. Innerhalb der mtDNA gibt es hypervariable Regionen (HVR), von denen der oft in heteroplamischer Form vorkommende D310-Trakt im D-loop als Marker für klonales Wachstum in Tumoren empfohlen wurde. Ich habe versucht, durch Analyse des D-loops der mtDNA aus Neurofibromen klonales Wachstum nachzuweisen. Methoden: Ich habe die mitochondriale DNA vier monozygoter Zwillingspaare untersucht. Die DNA wurde sowohl aus Blutleukozyten als auch aus Neurofibromen extrahiert. Ich habe zunächst mit mtDNA-spezifischen Primern eine Long-range PCR durchgeführt. Mit dem Long-range PCR-Produkt als Matrize habe ich in 17 verschachtelten PCR Reaktionen Fragmente generiert und diese sequenziert. Den relativen Anteil heteroplasmischer Längenvarianten des D310-Traktes ermittelte ich mittels Genotypisierung. Ergebnisse: Beim Vergleich der mtDNA-Sequenzen mit der mtDNA Standardsequenz (Genbank, NC_001807) habe ich insgesamt 88 Abweichungen gefunden. Die meisten waren in der Datenbank Mitomap verzeichnet. Es fanden sich keine interindividuellen Unterschiede innerhalb der einzelnen Paare. Beim Vergleich der mtDNA-Sequenzen aus Blut- mit denen aus Tumorzellen eines Zwillingspaares fand ich keinen intraindividuellen Unterschied. Der D310-Trakt innerhalb der HVR2 kam bei allen Zwillingspaaren in heteroplasmischer Form vor. Bei den Zwillingen A1 und A2 sowie deren Mutter MA konnte ich annähernd die gleiche Verteilung der Löngenvarianten in Blutzellen sowie in Neurofibromen von A1 und A2 zeigen. Schlussfolgerungen: Ich konnte keinen Hinweis dafür finden, dass Veränderungen in der mtDNA die phänotypische Ausprägung der NF1 beeinflussen. In Neurofibromen konnte ich durch Untersuchung des D310-Traktes keinen Hinweis auf klonales Wachstum finden. / Introduction: The discovery of homoplasmic somatic mutations of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) led to the question whether mutations of mtDNA could influence tumor development and growth. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common inherited disorders. Penetrance of the disease is 100%, but phenotypic variability is high, even amongst identical twins. I wanted to test the hypothesis, whether the unequal distribution of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants between the embryos might influence NF1 phenotype. The aim of this study was to look for interindividual differences of the mtDNA sequence between identical twins. In order to detect somatic mutation that could possibly influence tumor development I searched for intraindividual differences between blood- and tumor-mtDNA. The hypervariable D310-tract within the D-loop is heteroplasmic in most individuals, but shows a tendency towards homoplasmy in tumors. Therefore, it has been proposed as marker for clonal tumor growth. I tried to identify clonal growth in cutaneous neurofibromas by examination of the D310-tract. Methods: I examined the mtDNA from four pairs of identical twins. MtDNA was extracted from blood-leucocytes as well as from neurofibromas. With DNA-specific primers I first performed a long-range PCR. The product was then reamplified as 17 nested PCR fragments and sequenced afterwards. The relative amount of heteroplasmic D310-tract length variants was analyzed by genotyping. Results: Taken together, I identified 88 deviations from the mtDNA standard sequence (Genbank NC_001807). Most of these variants were already known as polymorphisms in the database MITOMAP. I could neither find any interindividual differences between the individuals of a twin pair nor intraindividual differences between blood- and tumor-mtDNA. The D310-tract was heteroplasmic in all twin pairs. Twins A1 and A2 as well as their mother showed almost the same distribution of length variants in blood and tumor. Conclusion: I could not show that mtDNA polymorphisms play a role in phenotypic variability of NF1. Examination of the D310 tract in cutaneous neurofibromas did not show signs of clonal growth.
2

Cellular and molecular analysis of fracture healing in a neurofibromatosis type 1 conditional knockout mice model

El-Khassawna, Thaqif 27 July 2013 (has links)
NF1 ist eine autosomal dominante Erbkrankheit, die durch inaktivierende Mutationen im Neurofibromin-Gen verursacht wird. NF1 manifestiert sich durch eine erhöhte Tumor-Inzidenz des neuralen Gewebes in der Haut (Neurofibroma). Neben diesen häufigeren klinischen Manifestationen haben rund 50% der NF1-Patienten Skelett-Anomalien. Häufiger sind Röhrenknochen betroffen, die klinischen Symptome reichen von Tibia-Krümmung über Spontanfrakturen bis hin zu Nonunions. Diese Studie analysiert den Heilungsverlauf von Femurfrakturen in Nf1Prx1- Mäusen. Der Frakturkallus von Mäusen wurde an den Tagen 7, 10, 14 und 21 durch µCT, Histologie und molekulare Analysen evaluiert. µCT und histologische Analysen haben eine beeinträchtigte Knochenheilung in Nf1Prx1-Mäusen gezeigt. Eine erhöhte periostale Knochenbildung in den frühen Stadien der Heilung war zu beobachten, sowie eine reduzierte, aber anhaltende Knorpelbildung und Bindegewebs-Akkumulation innerhalb der Fraktur. Wir konnten zeigen, dass der normalen Heilungsprozess durch dieses Bindegewebe behindert wird, welches durch alpha smooth muscle actin-positive Myofibroblasten gebildet wird, die ihrerseits aus einer bisher noch nicht identifizierten Muskelfaszie abgeleitet sind. Dieser Zusammenhang wird durch eine Microarray-Analyse der Kallus-Gewebe bestätigt, die ergab, dass durch den Knock-Out Gene reguliert wurden, die in Physiologie, Proliferation und Differenzierung von Muskelzellen involviert sind. Darüber hinaus waren extrazelluläre-Matrix-Gene in den Mutanten hoch regeuliert. Zusammenfassend konnten wir zeigen, dass eine Ähnlichkeit des Heilungsverlauf zwischen dem Nf1Prx1-Mausmodell und NF1-Patienten besteht. Folglich kann an diesem Mausmodell untersucht werden, durch welche Mechanismen die Mutationen im NF1 zu Knochenheilungsstörungen führen. Außerdem konnte in einer Pilotstudie der Effekt des Neurofibromin-Mangels auf die Knochenheilung durch Behandlung mit MEK-Inhibitoren in vitro und in vivo weitestgehend behoben werden / Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease resulting from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the protein neurofibromin. NF1 patients – around 50% – have abnormalities of the skeleton. Long bones are often affected, and the clinical signs range from tibial bowing to spontaneous fractures and even non-unions. Moreover, NF1 mice models could provide the understanding of the cell types involved in the resulting non-union and their behavior. This study analyzed the healing progress of femur fractures in a model of NF1 long bone dysplasia. Fracture callus was assessed at days 7, 10, 14, and 21 by µCT, histology, biomechanics, and molecular analyses. Bone healing was impaired in Nf1Prx1 mice femoral fracture. Results revealed increased periosteal bone deposition at the early stages of healing, decreased but persistent cartilage formation concomitant with fibrous tissue accumulation within the fracture site, decreased torsional stiffness, decreased bone mineral density, and increased fibrous tissue infiltration in the callus of mutant mice. This fibrous tissue accumulation hindered bone fracture healing, and was deposited by alpha smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, which were derived from a yet unidentified muscle fascia. This is further supported by the microarray analysis of callus tissues showing that genes crucial to muscle cells physiology, proliferation and differentiation were affected. In addition, extracellular matrix related genes were up-regulated in the mutants. In summary, this study shows a resemblance in the healing progression to the Nf1Prx1 mice model and NF1 patients, thereby, confirming the suitability of this mice model to explore the mechanism by which mutations in NF1 lead to non-unions. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo pilot assessments of MEK inhibitor treatment demonstrated a potential remedy for the lack of neurofibromin in bone healing.
3

Conflict processing in juvenile patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and healthy controls – Two pathways to success

Bluschke, Annet, von der Hagen, Maja, Papenhagen, Katharina, Roessner, Veit, Beste, Christian 25 July 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a monogenetic autosomal-dominant disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and is commonly associated with cognitive deficits. Patients with NF1 frequently exhibit cognitive impairments like attention problems, working memory deficits and dysfunctional inhibitory control. The latter is also relevant for the resolution of cognitive conflicts. However, it is unclear how conflict monitoring processes are modulated in NF1. To examine this question in more detail, we used a system neurophysiological approach combining high-density ERP recordings with source localisation analyses in juvenile patients with NF1 and controls during a flanker task. Behaviourally, patients with NF1 perform significantly slower than controls. Specifically on trials with incompatible flanker-target pairings, however, the patients with NF1 made significantly fewer errors than healthy controls. Yet, importantly, this overall successful conflict resolution was reached via two different routes in the two groups. The healthy controls seem to arrive at a successful conflict monitoring performance through a developing conflict recognition via the N2 accompanied by a selectively enhanced N450 activation in the case of perceived flanker-target conflicts. The presumed dopamine deficiency in the patients with NF1 seems to result in a reduced ability to process conflicts via the N2. However, NF1 patients show an increased N450 irrespective of cognitive conflict. Activation differences in the orbitofrontal cortex (BA11) and anterior cingulate cortex (BA24) underlie these modulations. Taken together, juvenile patients with NF1 and juvenile healthy controls seem to accomplish conflict monitoring via two different cognitive neurophysiological pathways.
4

Conflict processing in juvenile patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and healthy controls – Two pathways to success

Bluschke, Annet, von der Hagen, Maja, Papenhagen, Katharina, Roessner, Veit, Beste, Christian 25 July 2017 (has links)
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a monogenetic autosomal-dominant disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and is commonly associated with cognitive deficits. Patients with NF1 frequently exhibit cognitive impairments like attention problems, working memory deficits and dysfunctional inhibitory control. The latter is also relevant for the resolution of cognitive conflicts. However, it is unclear how conflict monitoring processes are modulated in NF1. To examine this question in more detail, we used a system neurophysiological approach combining high-density ERP recordings with source localisation analyses in juvenile patients with NF1 and controls during a flanker task. Behaviourally, patients with NF1 perform significantly slower than controls. Specifically on trials with incompatible flanker-target pairings, however, the patients with NF1 made significantly fewer errors than healthy controls. Yet, importantly, this overall successful conflict resolution was reached via two different routes in the two groups. The healthy controls seem to arrive at a successful conflict monitoring performance through a developing conflict recognition via the N2 accompanied by a selectively enhanced N450 activation in the case of perceived flanker-target conflicts. The presumed dopamine deficiency in the patients with NF1 seems to result in a reduced ability to process conflicts via the N2. However, NF1 patients show an increased N450 irrespective of cognitive conflict. Activation differences in the orbitofrontal cortex (BA11) and anterior cingulate cortex (BA24) underlie these modulations. Taken together, juvenile patients with NF1 and juvenile healthy controls seem to accomplish conflict monitoring via two different cognitive neurophysiological pathways.

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