Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elias Barquete Albarello.pdf: 1196736 bytes, checksum: ddecfb7e3d553fe21e67003659251643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-22 / In the context of the new model of the electric sector, the market projection has became a important tool for the sectorial planning and necessary in reason of the complexity of the national energy system, such in supply side and demand side. The social-economic and politic-institutional changes that will occur in the next decades allow to affirm, with reasonable security, that the future evolution of the energy demand, in particular of the electricity, will hardly follow the standards of the past, having to register differentiated movements duo to of the dynamic of the variable that determine its performance. In fact, the future is uncertain and it cannot be foreseen with exactness and security, being in the truth the result of discontinuities, ruptures and inflections of the standard past, highly influenced for new facts of the future and fruit of the social construction. Objectifying to analyze the importance of the construction of scenarios for the projection of electric energy market, a case study of the biggest electric energy distribution company of the country, AES Eletropaulo, was developed, in which it can verify the necessity of the use of scenario construction models, in reason of the results of the use of traditional methodologies, that might impact in the contract level of energy, conditioned by macroeconomic, social, institutional, ambient and technological factors, that present a relation of interdependence between itself, configuring an extensive net of mutual influences / No contexto do novo modelo do setor elétrico, a projeção de mercado tornou-se uma ferramenta de considerada importância para o planejamento setorial e necessária em razão da complexidade do sistema energético nacional, tanto do lado da oferta quanto do da demanda. As mudanças sócio-econômicas e político-institucionais que ocorrerão nas próximas décadas permitem afirmar, com razoável segurança, que a evolução futura da demanda de energia, em particular da eletricidade, dificilmente seguirá os padrões do passado, devendo registrar movimentos diferenciados decorrentes das dinâmicas das variáveis que determinam o seu desempenho. De fato, o futuro é incerto e não pode ser previsto com exatidão e segurança, sendo na verdade o resultado de descontinuidades, rupturas e inflexões do padrão passado, altamente influenciado por novos fatos portadores de futuro e fruto de uma construção social. Com o objetivo de analisar a importância da construção de cenários para a projeção de mercado de energia elétrica, foi conduzido um estudo de caso da maior distribuidora de energia elétrica do país, a AES Eletropaulo, na qual se pode verificar a necessidade de utilização de modelos de construção de cenários, referenciados no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, em razão dos resultados decorrentes do uso de metodologias tradicionais, que poderão impactar no nível de contratação de energia, condicionada a fatores macroeconômicos, sociais, institucionais, ambientais, tecnológicos etc, que apresentam uma relação de interdependência entre si, configurando uma extensa rede de influências mútuas

The master thesis is focused on the area of low-cost aviation in Europe. Discusses the economics of air carriers and analyzes statistical data on which compares the functioning of selected carriers. In submitted paper there are simultaneously analyzed the destinations network and selected European routes for particular air carriers. Analyses are supplemented by proposals for future possible ways to improve the functioning of the economy. In conclusion is proposed the new model of low-cost air carrier, which is based on a new system of pricing of tickets.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto de Souza Oliveira.pdf: 829463 bytes, checksum: cedc06d34a48cf6b7aa1b457064ce388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-11 / This thesis begins with a systematic analysis of the electrical sector in Brazil and the main risks inherent to such sector. Then, it discusses certain information of the five largest publicly-held electric power distribution companies, based in the State of São Paulo, namely: Bandeirante Energia S.A.; Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz.; Companhia Piratininga de Força e Luz.; Elektro Eletricidade e Serviços S.A.; Eletropaulo Metropolitana Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. It presents all the mandatory disclosure of financial statements under the Brazilian corporate law, as well as those required by the Granting Authority ANEEL, subsequently it presents a collection of indicators for analysis of financial statements, as well as the calculation methodology and interpretation and, finally, it presents a selection of indicators used in the study of five companies. The study is aimed to evaluate the economic and financial performance of these companies during the period from 2000 to 2007, focusing on two distinct stages: (i) the rationing of electricity period that lasted from June 2001 to February 2002, which had a huge impact on the financial statements for such periods, and (ii) the post rationing period, which was impacted by new standards established by the Federal Government in connection with the creation of a new model for the Brazilian energy sector, during the years 2004 and 2005. This thesis uses the evolutionary analysis, which evaluates the development of indicators for each of the five companies, checking the performance of their economic situation, financial performance, profitability and allocation of cash generated and consumed between two thousand and two thousand and seven / Esta dissertação inicia com a descrição da sistemática de funcionamento do setor elétrico no Brasil e os principais riscos inerentes ao setor. A seguir, discorre sobre as informações principais das cinco empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica, de capital aberto, sediadas no Estado de São Paulo, que são: Bandeirante Energia S.A.; Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz; Companhia Piratininga de Força e Luz.; Elektro Eletricidade e Serviços S.A.; Eletropaulo Metropolitana Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. Apresenta todas as demonstrações contábeis de divulgação obrigatória por força da legislação societária Brasileira e aquelas de exigência do poder concedente a ANEEL, na seqüência expõe uma coletânea de indicadores para análise das demonstrações contábeis, assim como a sistemática de cálculos e interpretação e apresenta a seleção destes indicadores utilizados no estudo das cinco empresas. O estudo objetiva avaliar o desempenho econômico e financeiro dessas empresas no período de 2000 a 2007, com ênfase em duas fases distintas: a) O racionamento de energia elétrica que vigorou de junho de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, e impactou fortemente os balanços destes dois exercícios, e b) A fase pós racionamento que foi influenciada pelas normas editadas pelo Governo Federal para a criação de um novo modelo para o Setor Elétrico Brasileiro durante os anos de 2004 e 2005. O método utilizado foi a análise evolutiva, em que se avalia a evolução dos indicadores de cada uma das cinco empresas, verificando o desempenho de sua situação econômica, financeira, rentabilidade e a destinação do caixa gerado e consumido no período de 2000 a 2007

The aim of this study is to examine how and why public libraries use Facebook. Internet has changed how people interact with one another in society. This is also true for how public libraries are active on social media just as their users are. This study is based on two questions; How do public libraries work with Facebook? Which purposes does work with Facebook serve? Employees at eight different public libraries were interviewed. Analysis was made by using the four-space model by Jochumsen et al. The findings show that the work with Facebook is organised differently between the libraries, which is either by a group or one or two individuals. Number of posts, how they are written and when they post, vary among the participating libraries as well. Consistency in posting leads to more followers and success on Facebook. The findings also show that the main reason for public libraries to use Facebook is to promote their activities and services. A majority of the libraries wants to interact with their users, but it is difficult to achieve. Contrary to what has been written before about this subject, a majority of the informants agreed that time is not an issue as the work is planned to include time for Facebook.

「避險」近年被認為是弱勢的中等國家爭取國家利益的最佳良策，然而這通常代表欲採此戰略選擇的國家，必須要同時與敵對的國家結成同盟，通常在經濟與安全領域的國家利益需求產生矛盾「悖論」，此間又以南韓在外交政策上的實踐最為顯著，本文將以朴槿惠主政下的南韓為例，探討在其「聯美和中」的外交平衡作法之下，受到地緣環境與傳統韓美同盟的制約的南韓，能否以此模糊的戰略選擇，兩面討好，達成獲取國家利益的最高政策目標。 / “Hedging Policy” is considered the best way to gain national interest for middle-power states in recent years. However, it means that state using this strategy has to cooperate or form an alliance with the enemy states. It usually known as a paradox to the security and economy issues of a state, and the most famous case is ROK. This article will take the ROK government led by president Park Geun-Hye for example, and discuss if the “Security issue rely on U.S., economy issue finds China” strategy did profit both from the two superpower in the world.

中共自1979年推行「改革開放」政策，其社會主義市場經濟進入快速成長軌道，隨著綜合國力的日漸崛起，牽動著亞太區域乃至國際地緣政治的變化，並引發周邊國家對其國家戰略及軍事意圖產生疑慮，即使中共一再闡述「和平發展」及透過對話方式，以期化解各國對其崛起發展的疑懼，但由於開放資訊程度的不透明，在短期內迭起的「中國威脅論」難以改觀。 盱衡當今全球局勢，「中」美關係的發展確是重要考量因素。美國當前全球戰略與其國家安全利益，即是防止區域霸權崛起，威脅美國的區域安全利益。面對中共的崛起，美國己展開「重返亞洲」再平衡策略等一系列的遏制舉措，中共則展現企圖掌控亞太霸權的動機極其明顯。中共與美國戰略利益衝突勢難避免，可見未來的「中」美關係將更為嚴峻，這是中共第五代領導人習近平上台後及美國總統歐巴馬第二任期內的極大挑戰。從區域政治、經濟、安全的視角，無論是亞太區域權力競合、經濟資源開發或軍事策略運作、東海及南海主權爭議等，在在影響「中」美戰略競逐與形勢消長。 美國自2008年全球金融風暴之後，經濟頹勢與財政困頓，而中共的市場經濟持續發展，對於美國恢復經濟動能十分重要。由於經濟的互賴日漸加深，雙方處於一種既競爭又合作的關係。在此種競合交錯的複雜環境下，美國重返亞洲的策略布局，已然被中共視為遏制其崛起的一大挑戰。因此，全力在經濟、外交與軍事上採取各種反制的作為。在「中」美戰略競逐的新形勢下，中共應可體認自身實力與限制因素，在國際戰略情勢中，尋求對自己最有利的位置。 / Since the People’s Republic of China (PRC) released the “Chinese Economic Reform” in 1979, its socialism-oriented market economy has gone into a fast-growing orbit. With the rise of comprehensive national power, PRC has influenced the shape of Asia-Pacific region, even the global geopolitics, and resulted in the neighboring countries’ doubt on its national strategies and military intentions. Although PRC seeks to dissolve other countries’ doubt and fear through expounding on its peaceful development and dialogue, the opacity of information makes it difficult to change their views in a short time. The development of China-United States relations is indeed a major consideration in current global situation. The global strategies and national security interests of United States are to prevent the rise of regional hegemony from threatening its regional security interests. Facing the rise of PRC, United States has implemented rebalancing strategy “Pivot to Asia” as one of the containment measures. On the other hand, the motivations which China is competing for the leadership in Asia-Pacific are obvious. The conflict of strategic interests between PRC and United States is inevitable, and their relations will be more difficult in the foreseeable future. It will be a great challenge for Xi Jinping’s administration, the PRC fifth leadership generation, and United Sates President Obama’s second term. In the perspective of regional politics, economics and security, whether the power competition in Asia-Pacific, development of economic resources, implementation of military strategies, or the sovereignty disputes in the East and South China Sea, they are all influencing the increase and decrease of the strategic competition and situation between China and United States. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, the economy and finance of United States have suffered from recession. However, the market economy of PRC is continuing to grow and plays an important role to provide momentum for United States’ economy to recover. Due to the deepening economic interdependence, the relations of both sides can be competitive and cooperative. PRC has regarded Unites States’ “Pivot to Asia ”strategy as a challenge to contain it’s rise and therefore implemented economic, diplomatic, and military countermeasures. In the new situation of China-United States strategic competition, the PRC shall be aware of its strength and limitations to find its most strategic position in the international strategic circumstances.