The purpose of this study has been to find out what possibilities the journalists at the newspaper Aftonbladet have to live up to the proposed ideas and values that defines journalism, as well as how these values are presented to the readers. With this as a starting-point we have studied what kind of society Aftonbladet presents to its readers as well as how this society is supposed to work and also what it`s like. To be able to answer this question we have first researched through theories and earlier studies, literature about journalism, media science, semiotics, history and laws. With the help of the investigation we found fitting tools to perform the analysis. With the theory as groundwork we have, through the qualitative approach analyzed seven news articles from seven Aftonbladet newspapers during one week. Our study shows that the Afonbladet’s journalists have not been able to present occurrences in society in a correct and impartial manner - because they exaggerate insignificant details and neglect to show real attention to serious societal structures by using sensationalism, dramatization and a very superficial approach to the stories that they are conveying. We have also been able to establish that it is impossible for journalists to follow up and live up to the ideals of journalism. Not only that, it’s also impossible for them to live up to the ideals that the Aftonbladet as a newspaper has assigned for itself. A probable explanation for this is that the journalism field is characterized by high productivity and demands that the news are supposed to be easily understood and have a specific news value. All of this combined amounts to that a lot of times the journalism becomes accentuated, one sided and simplified, all to lure readers every day because Aftonbladet’s main income comes from single copy sales.

This thesis examines the changing relationships between television, politics, audiences and the public sphere. Premised on the notion that mediated politics is now understood “in new ways by new voices” (Jones, 2005: 4), and appropriating what McNair (2003) calls a “chaos theory” of journalism sociology, this thesis explores how two different contemporary Australian political television programs (Sunrise and The Chaser’s War on Everything) are viewed, understood, and used by audiences. In analysing these programs from textual, industry and audience perspectives, this thesis argues that journalism has been largely thought about in overly simplistic binary terms which have failed to reflect the reality of audiences’ news consumption patterns. The findings of this thesis suggest that both ‘soft’ infotainment (Sunrise) and ‘frivolous’ satire (The Chaser’s War on Everything) are used by audiences in intricate ways as sources of political information, and thus these TV programs (and those like them) should be seen as legitimate and valuable forms of public knowledge production. It therefore might be more worthwhile for scholars to think about, research and teach journalism in the plural: as a series of complementary or antagonistic journalisms, rather than as a single coherent entity.

Submitted by Lamia Jorge Saadi Tosi (lamiajorgesaadi@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-16T22:54:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O COLUNISMO SOCIAL DE IBRAHIM SUED.pdf: 2887314 bytes, checksum: 95a356b9b7b9b4fe0f7ec6a23863ef04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-04-17T13:50:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 saaditosi_lj_dr_mar.pdf: 2887314 bytes, checksum: 95a356b9b7b9b4fe0f7ec6a23863ef04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T13:50:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 saaditosi_lj_dr_mar.pdf: 2887314 bytes, checksum: 95a356b9b7b9b4fe0f7ec6a23863ef04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-11 / Não recebi financiamento / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender a trajetória profissional de Ibrahim Sued, descendente de imigrantes libaneses que se notabilizou por ter protagonizado a posição do mais emblemático colunista social, que foi reconhecido como inovador na maneira de fazer crônica social entre as décadas de 1940 a 1990. Sua trajetória profissional e pessoal foram marcadas por contradições e paradoxos que, entretanto, não o impediram de ascender socialmente e tornar-se um porta voz de personagens que transitavam pelo grand monde. Publicou ao longo desses anos diversos livros e mais de quinze mil colunas que atestam o fenômeno jornalístico. Não se limitou a assuntos amenos da vida em sociedade, de etiqueta e de moda transitando à conquista de furos de reportagens e informando sobre assuntos políticos, econômicos e de negócios. Os resultados almejados com essa pesquisa são relacionados à interpretação desse percurso não só no aspecto da crônica e do personagem em si, mas de como e por que o colunismo se tornou algo obrigatório nos jornais desde então. As hipóteses a partir das quais o presente trabalho se põe estão relacionadas: ao capital simbólico representado pelo campo da coluna social, ao papel desempenhado no relacionamento entre estabelecidos e outsiders, bem como de que maneira esses aspectos são reveladores da dinâmica social e das formas de reprodução de uma cultura social, a cultura social da troca de favores. / This paper aims to understand the professional trajectory of Ibrahim Sued, a descendant of Lebanese immigrants who was notable for having played the position of the most emblematic social columnist (writer of Gossip Columns), who was recognized as an innovator in the way of social chronicling between the 1940s to 1990. His professional and personal trajectory were marked by contradictions and paradoxes that, however, did not prevent him from ascending socially and becoming a spokesperson for characters who traveled through the grand monde. He has published over the years several books and more than fifteen thousand columns that attest to the journalistic phenomenon. It was not limited to issues of life in society, etiquette and fashion, moving to the achievement of reporting holes and informing about political, economic and business issues. The results sought by this research are related to the interpretation of this course not only in the aspect of the chronicle and the character itself, but of how and why the columnism has become mandatory in the newspapers ever since. The hypotheses from which the present work is related are: the symbolic capital represented by the field of social column, the role played in the relationship between established and out-siders, as well as how these aspects are revealing of the social dynamics and forms of reproduction of a social culture, the social culture of the exchange of favors.

Not everyone can understand the regular news reports that are broadcast on television. The Swedish public service television company (SVT) therefore produces the newscast News in easy Swedish (Nyheter på lätt svenska), where the language is simplified. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the comprehensibility of the audiovisual language in News in easy Swedish. Another purpose is to compare the level of comprehension in the audiovisual language in News in easy Swedish with that in SVT's regular newscast Aktuellt and Rapport. The foundation point is what content can be considered understandable for an audience who needs more time and more straightforward information than others in order to understand. The target audience could be, for example, people with cognitive disabilities. No individuals from the target group have been interviewed. Instead, knowledge of what is understandable to them has been obtained from projects where the target group is represented: Inclusion Europe (no date), Comprehensive text (Begriplig text) (2019) and EASIT (2021).  A total of seven news units have been transcribed, analyzed and compared. Five of these come from News in easy Swedish, one from Rapport and one from Aktuellt. The analytical methods utilized have been both quantitative and qualitative. The verbal auditory language has been analyzed using traditional readability methods, such as LIX and nominal ratio. Speech rate has been considered, but not inflection. The exposure time of images has been estimated and the presence of environmental noise has been noted. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis was made of how different semiotic resources interact. Finally, the results from the different news items were compared with each other.  The readability analysis illustrates that in the analyzed material there are no major differences in the level of verbal difficulty between News in easy Swedish, Rapport and Aktuellt. One of the news items on News in easy Swedish has the highest LIX and nominal ratio results, which indicates that it is the most difficult. At the same time, another news item from News in easy Swedish results in the lowest values, indicating that it is the easiest to comprehend.  No example was found in the material regarding how the semiotic resources counteract each other and thus affect information to becoming more difficult to understand. On the other hand, there are examples of news items where an improved collaboration between the semiotic elements could enable enhanced comprehension, for example through a more concise description of what is seen and heard. News in easy Swedish does not have its own film team but reworks material produced for other news programs. The program News in easy Swedish is just under five minutes long and is broadcast five days a week. The lack of own material and the short duration of newscasts are two factors that limit the prospect of creating comprehensible news for an audience who requires more time to be able to understand.