The purpose of this study is to discover and explain the influences of media coverage of organizational crises on crisis communication, and vice versa. The study also shows how mediated crises develop, and how media framing and news sources affect this development. Carried out as a case study of three Swedish mediated crises, the methods used are quantitative and qualitative content analysis of media content from four Swedish newspapers and four organizations' press releases from the studied crises. Mediated crises develop through their specific pattern regardless of, but not independent from, the organizations' crisis communication. The crisis communication is used as an elite source in media reporting from the crises, but it can not control the mediated crises. However, it influences framing, and the possibilities to influence media reporting are better in the pre-crisis phase and the culmination.

Major hurricane landfalls are the most dangerous natural hazard threats experienced in the U.S. Television news is a primary sources of hurricane hazard information and has the ability to influence what viewers understand about and how they respond to these events. While it is understood that media plays a central role in communicating weather, it is unknown whether or not news media content communicates the recommended hurricane hazard adjustments that are needed for preparedness and protection. Thus this study supports prior research calling for a closer examination of the role and effects of visual information in media documents. Using the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, the present research employs qualitative media analysis to explore the framing of hurricane preparedness through television newscasts covering Hurricane Katrina from August 23-29, 2005. Key findings from this study suggest that there are five common frames through which hurricane information is presented to viewers of the national news broadcasts surveyed in this study. Preparedness information was found to be mainly represented through visual content but sparsely mentioned in reporting. The study also found that more often visuals were used to aid story development instead of provide educational or instructional messages that model the adoption of hazard adjustments and have the potential to motivate protective actions and behaviors by helping to increase self-efficacy. The present study concludes by discussing underlying aspects of conflict present within the media frames and offering recommendations for better integration of media content into risk communication campaigns for severe weather.

This thesis titled Analysis of Media Image of Milos Zeman as Portrayed by CTK during the First Year of Presidency focuses on news releases made by Czech News Agency CTK that within the time frame of 8. 3. 2013 - 8. 3. 2014 inform about the President of the Czech Republic Milos Zeman. The goal of this thesis was to aquire a complex media impression of President as presented by CTK's news production. Primarily this thesis inquires into the total number of news releases within particular time periods, their topics and tonality. Secondarily this thesis observes the trends of these phenomenons within a one-year time horizon and the connection and coherence among the aforementioned phenomenons. The basis of this thesis is theoretical context that deals with news releases and pursues media construction of reality in the news. For this research there was used quantitative content analysis with qualitative overlap in form of emotional impression of news releases. As a data resource there was used an aggregate of texts from CTK's infobank. Research proved certain hypothesis, as e.g. a long-term dropping tendency of media interest in President Zeman or a higher number of negatively rather than positively tinted news. The results of this analysis can serve as resources to employees of the press division of the...

War-reporting journalists have a higher prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) than the general population (Feinstein, Owen & Blair, 2002). However, no psychopathological gender differences have been identified (Sinyor & Feinstein, 2012). This is in stark contrast to evidence from the general population, which indicates women experience double the rate of PTSD than men (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes & Nelson, 1995). This study qualitatively analysed female journalists’ experiences of covering potentially traumatic news stories, with a view to exploring the lived experience behind the statistics. Interviews with four UK-based journalists, with extensive experience of covering potentially traumatic news stories, were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three superordinate themes were identified; psychological responses to covering traumatic news stories, perception of support related to traumatic coverage and attitudes towards counselling. None of the participants’ psychometric screening surveys indicated significant post-traumatic stress responses, yet all qualitatively reported multiple symptoms, indicating a tendency to under-report and a lack of psychological mindedness. Conversely, post-traumatic growth (PTG) was evident indicating that perceived rewards mitigated adverse psychological outcomes. Support from management and colleagues were largely perceived as practical rather than emotional by the participants, if at all, with indications of a macho work culture which did not support motherhood but propagated inter-journalist romance. Dissatisfaction, ambivalence and misconceptions related to counselling emerged, alongside a preference for a non-stigmatised professional encounter, such as debriefing, indicating a need for psycho-education and specialised training for both media professionals and mental health practitioners.

Thesis advisor: Michael Cermak / Invasive invertebrates are common in the United States and their effects on local ecosystems can have detrimental consequences extending beyond biological processes to economics and other social arenas. Over anthropogenic time, human value systems were woven into the perspectives of nature to form a social constructionist perspective on the natural world. We strive toward a certain closeness with nature, and, in effect, attempt to understand it. Through comparison of the discussion of invasive species in online public media and scientific journal articles, this paper examines how nature is socially constructed in different contexts. The study demonstrated that journalists used anthropomorphism 70% more often than researchers, and wrote about social value categories, including economics, aesthetics, and ecological effects 85% more often than scientists, on average. In general, online news journalists used language that was considered negative or suggestive 78% more often than scientists. Environmental issues do not occur in a bubble, so it is imperative to realize that the interactions between all living things, including humans, drive both biological and sociological processes. These findings can help guide how we understand media production about invasive species. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Sociology.

This essay aims to identify and illustrate, in relation to Stig Hjarvards (2013) theory of mediatization, the factors for defection that Swedish news media portray as decisive for women leaving Jehovah´s witnesses. The material consist of six news articles collected from four different news media who all published stories about women which defected from Jehovah´s witnesses. The method of the essay is a transversal text analysis and the program Open Code 4.03 has been used to assess the results. The process of coding was abductive which means, inthis essay, that the categories used in Open Code was mainly created based on the presented previous research on religious defection but also by a thoroughly reading of the articles. This genereted in five overall themes: family, external factors, organizational, world view and mental health. The factors for defection that is brought up by the articles is categorized in these themes. The result was then analyzed based on Hjarvards (2013) theory of mediatization and his explanations to it by these three metaphors of media; media as conduits, media as languages and journalism on media. The analyzed results indicated, among other things, factors for defection regarding deprivation of freedom, prohibition within the movement and unequal conditions for men and women. The results also showed medias aim to enforce factors connected to love and sex to create entertainment value. According to my interpretation of Hjarvards (2013) theory the results shows news medias desire to be an institution that criticalexamines religious organizations that do not fit in with secular norms of Swedish society.

The ethnicity of convicted sex offenders, racism in everyday life and journalism ethics has recently been discussed more frequently in the Swedish media and society. Previous research has established that ethnicity is constructed in news media while reporting of sexual violence and that ethnicity is used as an explanation for the committed crime. The aim of this study was to investigate how ethnicity is constructed in news media over time. The central questions of the study were how ethnicity is constructed in news reporting of sexual violence and if this construction has changed over time, and if so, how it has changed. This study was based on a discourse analysis of news articles published in Dagens Nyheter in 1997, 2007 and 2017. The results of this study have concluded that ethnicity is constructed in different ways during each of the three years, and there has therefore been a change in the discourse, from ethnicity as attribution of the perpetrator to rewriting ethnicity into other words such as refugee or immigrant.

In recent years, Sweden together with big parts of Europe have become more political right-oriented than before. Compared to previous years, the support for the Swedish Democrats increased significantly in the parliamentary election in 2018, and there were major regional differences. In this essay we examine how the construction of "immigration" and "immigrants" appears in the local newspapers in the areas where the Swedish Democrats received the highest and lowest electoral support. Using critical discourse analysis, it also examines if there are any differences between the areas. Previous research shows that media plays a significant role when it comes to affect people's perception and attitude towards immigration and immigrants. This study, which is based on articles from the Swedish newspapers Västerbottens-Kuriren and Ystads Allehanda in a period of May-September 2018, shows that "immigration" is more often constructed negatively, while the construction of "immigrants" are generally more positive. It also appears that there are regional differences in the construction of immigration and immigrants when comparing the two newspapers. In Västerbottens-Kuriren the construction of the concepts is more often positive while in Ystads Allehanda the negative aspects of immigration and immigrants are more often in focus.

To combat the rising global temperature Sweden have signed the Paris Agreement to limit the release of CO2 and keep the temperature to a minimum increase of 1,5 degrees. A transformation of today’s energy system towards renewable energy is paramount to this endeavour, which in part relies on public acceptance where media plays an important role inshaping public acceptance. This study aims to map acceptance of renewable energy sources and draws on framing theory, which states that the media focuses attention on certain events and gives information meaning, in a sense how something is presented to the audience influences their choices in how to process said information. As this is a qualitative study, 49 articles about bio-, geothermal, solar, water and wind energy from Sweden’s four major newspapers, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen and Svenska Dagbladet, have been gathered from the Svenska dagstidningar database and examined through frame analysis. Media framing contributing to public acceptance was bio- and solar energy while water subtracted from it. Wind energy were both contributing and subtracting from acceptance while geothermal lacked articles entirely, prohibiting it from entering public discourse altogether. Meanwhile the biggest deciding factor towards framing acceptance for renewable energy depended largely on the newspaper. / För att bekämpa den stigande globala temperaturen har Sverige undertecknat Parisavtalet föratt begränsa koldioxidutsläppen och hålla temperaturen till en minsta ökning på 1,5 grader. En omvandling av dagens energisystem mot förnybar energi är avgörande för detta mål, vilket delvis bygger på allmänhetens acceptans och som media har en viktig roll i att utforma. Denna studie syftar till att kartlägga acceptans av förnybara energikällor och bygger på Framing Theory, som menar att media fokuserar uppmärksamhet på vissa händelser och ger det mening, hur det presenteras sedan för publiken påverkar deras val. Eftersom det här är en kvalitativ studie har 49 artiklar om bio-, geotermisk-, sol-, vatten- och vindenergi från Sveriges fyra största tidningar, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen och Svenska Dagbladet samlats från databasen Svenska dagstidningar, dessa granskas genom Frame Analysis. Media framing som bidrar till allmän acceptans var bio- och solenergi medan vatten inte bidrog. Vindenergi både bidrar till och minskar acceptans medan geotermisk saknad eartiklar helt och hållet, vilket gör att den utelämnas från den offentliga diskursen. Samtidigt berodde den största avgörande faktorn av framing för acceptans av förnybar energi på nyhetstidningen.

This study is a textual analysis of the mainstream media coverage of the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, surveying more than 1,000 news stories featuring Clinton, Palin, Obama, Biden and McCain published between January 1, 2007 and November 11, 2008. The central findings of this study are twofold: first, mainstream news sources continue to use stereotypical and sexist news frames that describe women in ways that are at odds with the criteria we set for being a good president; and second, feminism is characterized in ways that divorce the ideas of the movement from the activism necessary to overcome existing injustices. Chapter 2 discusses how the news frames and double binds-in place for more than 100 years in media coverage and constructions of women-are still being used to describe women candidates today. These frames highlight sexist concerns about how women candidates will balance their public and private lives and deflect the multiple, competing roles women are capable of enacting. Chapter 3 analyses news articles that relate the terms "feminism" and "feminist" to comments about Clinton and Palin to determine the ways in which the movement is being defined by mainstream media. The chapter argues that this coverage offered a limited vision of feminism that ignored race, class, and issues presented in the third wave. It also divorces the feminist movement from the activist work that has and will continue to make change possible in our country by equating feminism with postfeminist ideas. Chapter 4 highlights the associations made between the male candidates and the women's movement. The coverage of the male candidates in the campaign posits a vision of women's experiences that are defined through the media by male candidates. These definitions highlight women as caregivers and separate the issues important to women from the feminist activism necessary to work toward changing the situation women in the United States face. Finally, the conclusion offers suggestions for how to intervene in the 135-year cycle that perpetuates limited and damaging views of women candidates and of the feminist movement. Through these types of interventions, feminist-minded men and women can continue to work toward more positive and fair representations of women candidates and that changes in representations of women candidates will lead to the election of the first woman president of the United States.