152f. / Submitted by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T13:42:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Microsoft Word - dissertação final Silmaria 28 02 08 copia p.pdf: 3359961 bytes, checksum: 72cd5530f8e594c46af76f1a6f71a49a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná(dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-09T16:30:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Microsoft Word - dissertação final Silmaria 28 02 08 copia p.pdf: 3359961 bytes, checksum: 72cd5530f8e594c46af76f1a6f71a49a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T16:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Microsoft Word - dissertação final Silmaria 28 02 08 copia p.pdf: 3359961 bytes, checksum: 72cd5530f8e594c46af76f1a6f71a49a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O estudo intitulado No lar e no balcão. As mulheres na praça comercial de Salvador (1850- 1888), aborda a atuação de mulheres residentes em Salvador na segunda metade do século XIX, que atuaram no segmento do comércio e serviços. A pesquisa objetivou traçar o perfil dessas mulheres, enfocando as relações de gênero numa sociedade patriarcal, as limitações impostas pelos códigos jurídico e moral, a fim de demonstrar a contribuição das mulheres pesquisadas para a economia, tendo como panorama as relações comerciais da província da Bahia e sua importância no cenário nacional. As fontes utilizadas demonstraram a força dos pequenos negócios e a sua importância para a economia baiana, espaço de atuação das mulheres estudadas e que, romperam por vocação ou necessidade, com o quadro de submissão vigente, por intermédio do exercício cotidiano de sua autonomia, através da prática da arte de negociar,da busca do lucro e do enriquecimento. / Salvador

This thesis focuses on two extreme weather years in 1867-1868 that led to crop failure and subsistence crisis in parts of Sweden. Specifically it focus on Gävleborgs County and one parish, Hanebo Parish, in south west Hälsingland. The study presents contemporary examples from original sources on the national, regional and local level and one secondary source. With a qualitative approach, the study investigates the social impacts of sudden extreme weather and following harvest failure and assess signs of a possible subsistence crisis on regional and local level in the years of 1867-68. The empirics are analyzed trough demographic methodology often used to evaluate ”famine-like” situations, theories on famine and its causes and the three concepts: vulnerability, resilience and exchange entitlement. The result of the study shows a subsistence crisis in Gävleborg county and Hanebo Parish, in the years of 1867-68. These indications included poor harvest, demographic impact on parochial level and visible mitigating strategies for coping with the situation. Social hierarchies which are making impact on attitudes within the contemporary context of crisis are also discovered in the empiric material. The study also shows that state incentives and publically organised incentives can mitigate disaster both over short and long term.

En Amérique latine le XIXe siècle se caractérise par l'indépendance des anciennes colonies espagnoles, par le processus de formation des État-Nation et par la reconstruction des ordres juridiques des nouveaux États. Une fois le modèle républicain adopté, il fallait créer des institutions juridiques nouvelles et un système normatif qui régule le destin des nouvelles sociétés en concordance avec la réalité locale et, surtout, le plus différent possible de l'ancien régime colonial. Dans toutes ces transformations les hommes de loi (avocats, juges, juristes, bureaucrates) ont joué un rôle important. En tant que propriétaires du savoir juridique et politique ils étaient les personnages idoines, pour effectuer la tâche d'organisation de l'État. Parmi ces tâches, la structuration de la justice était essentielle pour les nouveaux États. Montrer l'implication du juge dans ce processus de consolidation, est une des finalités de ce travail. D'autre part, la construction de l'imaginaire juridique latino-américain s'est réalisée sous l'influence des modèles juridiques étrangers, dont la France, l'Angleterre, les États-Unis. Dans un classicisme juridique particulier, la réception et la transformation de ces modèles a créé une conscience juridique locale originale et très différente du modèle initial en combinant l'exégèse française avec le conceptualisme allemand / The nineteenth century in Latin America is characterized by the independence of the former Spanish colonies, the formation process of nation-state and the reconstruction of legal systems of the new states. Once the republican model adopted, it was necessary to create new legal institutions and a legal system to regulate the destiny of new societies according to the local reality and, above all, as different as possible from the old colonial regime. In all these transformations the jurists (lawyers, judges, jurists, bureaucrats) have played an important role. As owners of legal and politic knowledge, they were the ones suitable to organize the state. Among this organization task, structuring the justice was essential for the new states. To show the implication of judges in this consolidation process is one of the purposes of this work. Besides, the construction of Latin American legal imaginary was carried out under the influence of foreign legal models, like France, Britain and the United States. In a special legal classicism, the reception and transformation of these models has created a proper legal consciousness, innovative and very different from the original model, combining French exegesis with German conceptualism / En América Latina, el siglo XIX se caracteriza por la independencia de las antiguas colonias españolas, el proceso de formación de los Estados-Nación y la reconstrucción de los ordenamientos jurídicos de los nuevos Estados. Una vez adoptado el modelo republicano, fue necesario la creación de instituciones jurídicas nuevas y un sistema normativo que regulara el destino de las nuevas sociedades conforme a la realidad local y, sobre todo, lo más distante posible del antiguo régimen colonial. En todas estas transformaciones, los hombres de ley (abogados, jueces, juristas y burócratas) tuvieron un papel importante ; como proprietarios del saber jurídico y político, fueron los personajes idóneos para realizar la tarea de organización del Estado. Dentro de esa tarea, la estructuración de la justicia fue fundamental para los nuevos Estados. Una de las finalidades de este trabajo es demostrar la implicación de los jueces en ese proceso de consolidación. Además, la construcción del imaginario jurídico latinoamericano se llevó a cabo bajo la influencia de modelos jurídicos extranjeros dentro de los cuales se destacan Francia, Alemania y Estados Unidos. La recepción y tranformación de dichos modelos dentro de un clasicismo jurídico particular, que combinaba la exégesis francesa y el conceptualismo alemán, generó una conciencia jurídica local original y muy diferente del modelo inicial