The feasibility of using bench-scale biotrickling filter reactors inoculated with the fungus UBAF004, isolated from soil in Tahuapalca, for treatment of water contaminated with cypermethrin was investigated. Wood chips, gravel and ceramics were tested as packing materials for the reactors in batch experiments in small glass flasks. Wood proved to be the material on which the fungus grew best and was thus chosen as the packing material for the reactors. It was determined that UBAF004 had quite low competitive strength compared to other microorganisms when growing on wood and gravel but not necessarily on ceramics. UBAF004 grew slowly in the reactors leading to poor degradation performance. The results obtained indicate that it will be challenging to use UBAF004 for treatment of water contaminated with cypermethrin in Tahuapalca. The single largest issue is to find a way to establish a stable population of the fungus in the reactor and to protect it from being out competed by other microorganisms. / <p>Opponent: Veronika Granat</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6355.pdf: 5566479 bytes, checksum: 47cf8f5e1885ed35f394023378a1285d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-18 / Several works have been done worldwide and are dedicated to the advancement of software that enables the comparison and reading of fingerprints. Literature shows several works related to the development of scientific techniques that allow the improvement in the collection and disclosure of fingerprints left at crime scenes. Some of those techniques are based on the use of high-tech materials and devices, such as gold nanoparticles and thin films made of copper and gold. However, the cost of these techniques is very high for everyday use, especially when considering the financial budgets for police apparatus in developing countries. Attempting to improve economically such viable and efficient techniques in order to permit the disclosure of latent fingerprints left at crime scenes, this work aims the studying and development of the ninhydrin colorimetric method, by performing numerous tests on fingerprints deposited on porous surfaces, such as paper and walls. Once confirmed the viability of ninhydrin employment, both in laboratory and on-site, and also having adjusted the optimum temperature for rapid revelation; this study provides the use of image-processing software, enabling the expert to compare, in real time, even at the site of criminal traces, the fingerprint image found with the official registry database, thus, obtaining the identity of the offender within a short period of time. / Diversos trabalhos de pesquisa em todo o mundo se dedicam ao desenvolvimento de softwares que viabilizem a comparação e leitura de impressões digitais e alguns estudam o desenvolvimento de técnicas científicas que permitam a melhoria na coleta e revelação de impressões digitais deixadas em locais de crimes. Parte das técnicas vistas em estudos atuais é baseada no uso de alta tecnologia, como é o caso das nano partículas de ouro ou mesmo de filmes finos de cobre e ouro, todavia apresentam custo exorbitante para o uso diário, sobretudo se considerados os orçamentos financeiros dos aparatos policiais de países em desenvolvimento. Buscando técnica economicamente viável e eficiente, para permitir a revelação de impressões digitais latentes deixadas em locais de crime, o presente trabalho visa ao estudo e pesquisa do método colorimétrico da ninidrina, através da realização de testes sobre impressões digitais depositadas em superfícies porosas, como papel, madeira e paredes. Constatada a viabilidade do uso da ninidrina, tanto em laboratório como in loco, bem como definida a melhor temperatura para a revelação rápida, avança este estudo na utilização de software de tratamento de imagem que permite ao perito, em tempo real, ainda no sítio de vestígios criminais, comparar a imagem da impressão digital revelada com banco de dados oficiais de registro, obtendo assim, em instantes, a identidade do autor do crime.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL VAZ RESENDE.pdf: 8228076 bytes, checksum: 2434f1bf0bafb200c6e01978c59427a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-08 / The importance of scientific proof for the current Brazilian justice system is notorious. Article 158 of the CPC provides that when the offense is a trace essential examination of the corpus delicti. But many fingerprints arriving in section showdown Police Technician - Scientific Goiás, do not present conditions for analysis are blurred or incomplete, and thus unusable. The possibility of extracting DNA of these appears as an option in criminal investigations. The present study detected by light microscopy, scaly epidermal cells in 98% of the fifty sheets containing fingerprints subjected to Leishman stain, and the amount varied from fifteen to seven hundred and seventy cells per slide. After DNA extraction sixty-nine samples, deposited on five different media (aluminum, wood, paper, plastic and glass) were obtained concentrations ranging from 0.3 ng / uL to 25.4 ng / uL. Analyzing the concentrations of each surface separately observed that wood was the one with the highest average concentration of DNA (10.67 ng / uL), while paper and plastic had equal means and the lowest (5.92 ng / uL) . Comparing the media by student t test, we found three statistically significant analysis, the largest difference was observed between the surfaces of wood and paper (p = 0.001). When extracting DNA prints developed with ninhydrin or impregnated by black powder, concentration obtained in 70% of samples with ninhydrin and 60% of samples with dust. This study corroborates several studies have shown that it is possible to extract DNA from surfaces that have been touched by the hands of just one person. Our experiments also showed obtaining a higher concentration in the porous surfaces in relation to smooth surfaces and that using ninhydrin and black powder also allow the extraction of said genetic material. / A importância da prova científica para o atual sistema de justiça brasileiro é notória. O artigo 158 do CPP determina que quando a infração deixar vestígios será indispensável o exame do corpo de delito. Porém, muitas impressões digitais que chegam à seção de confronto da Polícia Técnico - Científica de Goiás, não apresentam condições de análises por estarem borradas ou incompletas, sendo assim, inutilizadas. A possibilidade de extrair DNA destas surge como uma opção nas investigações criminais. O presente estudo detectou, à microscopia óptica, células descamativas da epiderme em 98% das cinquenta lâminas contendo impressões digitais submetidas à coloração de Leishman, sendo que a quantidade variou de quinze a setecentos e setenta células por lâmina. Após a extração de DNA de sessenta e nove amostras, depositadas em cinco suportes diferentes (alumínio, madeira, papel, plástico e vidro) foram obtidas concentrações que variaram entre 0,3 ng/µL a 25,4 ng/µL. Analisando as concentrações de cada superfície separadamente observamos que a madeira foi a que apresentou a maior concentração média de DNA (10,67 ng/µL), enquanto que o papel e plástico apresentaram médias iguais e as menores (5,92 ng/µL). Na comparação entre os suportes pelo teste t student, encontramos três análises estatisticamente significativas, sendo a maior diferença foi observada entre as superfícies de madeira e papel (p = 0,001). Ao extrair DNA de impressões reveladas com ninidrina ou impregnadas pelo pó preto, obtivemos concentração em 70% das amostras com ninidrina e 60% das amostras analisadas com pó. O presente trabalho corrobora com vários estudos que já demonstraram ser possível extrair DNA de superfícies que foram simplesmente tocadas pelas mãos de uma pessoa. Nossos experimentos demonstraram, ainda, a obtenção de uma maior concentração nas superfícies porosas em relação às superfícies lisas e que o uso de ninidrina e pó de cor preta também permitem a extração do referido material genético.

This study deals with an effect of fertilization on amount and quality of free amino acids in soil from wet meadows affected by nutrient loading. Free amino acids were analysed in the soil from the field experiment situated at wet meadows, where an increased nutrient input is simulated (fertilizer NPK). The experiment was established on two sites with different types of soil {--} Záblatí with organic soil and Hamr with mineral soil, both areas in the South Bohemia region. The soil was repeatedly sampled for more than two years and year. One part of this study is focused on testing of ninhydrine-method and HPLC-method for measuring free amino acids and efficiency of different extractants.