Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-26T17:06:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Erika Caitano da Silva.pdf: 1958258 bytes, checksum: 61fcc63494dc0f8b0966ba187b5280a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T17:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Erika Caitano da Silva.pdf: 1958258 bytes, checksum: 61fcc63494dc0f8b0966ba187b5280a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a fungicide of the strobilurin group in reducing soil N2O production, a potent greenhouse gas, and a possible positive effect on the N use efficiency by sugarcane. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of fungicide in soil fertilized with N on N2O emissions, as well as greenhouse and field experiments to study the fungicide as controller of urea and ammonium nitrate induction of N2O emissions and as an enhancer of fertilizer N use efficiency by sugarcane. In addition to the monitoring of soil N2O fluxes with static chambers sugarcane leaves were collected for analysis of soluble forms of N and nitrate reductase activity together with plant parameters to estimate yield and the efficiency of fertilizer N use. Laboratory tests revealed the fungicide was capable of reducing soil N2O emissions. Regardless of N source, the fungicide did not affect the analyses of enzymes and plant N fractions in sugarcane, but there was a downward trend of N2O fluxes in the soil treated with urea in the greenhouse experiment. In the field experiment, N2O fluxes were 6 to 89 ?g N m-2h-1, 24 to 795 ?g N m-2h-1 and 27 to 508 ?g N m-2h-1 respectively to the control (no added N), urea and urea + fungicide treatments, indicating that N2O emissions were reduced in approximately 30% by the fungicide. The treatment with ammonium nitrate did not induce N2O emissions from soil. There was no significant difference between treatments in all analyses of soluble fractions and enzyme activity. Based on the dimensions of stalks, sugarcane yield was estimated at 190 Mg ha-1for the control treatment (without added N) and at 238 Mg ha-1 for urea treatment. The application of fungicide had no effect on yield. The use of fungicide reduced soil N2O emissions, but does not induce greater N use efficiency by sugarcane / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efici?ncia de fungicida do grupo das estrobilurinas na redu??o da produ??o de N2O no solo, um potente g?s de efeito estufa, al?m de poss?veis efeitos positivos na efici?ncia de uso de N pela cana-de-a??car. Foram conduzidos estudos em laborat?rio para avaliar o efeito do fungicida em solo fertilizado com N sobre as emiss?es de N2O, assim como um ensaio em casa de vegeta??o e outro em campo, onde se estudaram a ureia e o nitrato de am?nio, tratados ou n?o com fungicida, sobre as emiss?es de N2O e indicadores de efici?ncia de uso de N pela cana-de-a??car. Al?m do monitoramento dos fluxos de N2O com c?maras est?ticas, foram tamb?m coletadas folhas da cultura para an?lise das fra??es sol?veis de N e an?lise da enzima nitrato redutase, incluindo-se tamb?m a estimativa da produtividade e efici?ncia do uso de N. Os ensaios de laborat?rio mostraram que o fungicida aplicado ao solo reduz emiss?es de N2O. No ensaio em casa-de-vegeta??o, a an?lise de enzimas e fra??es de N na cana-de-a??car n?os e alteraram com o uso do fungicida, independente da fonte de N, mas houve tend?ncia de redu??o dos fluxos de N2O no solo tratado com ureia. No ensaio de campo, os fluxos de N2O foram de 6 a 89 ?g N m-2h-1, 24 a 795 N m-2 h-1 e 27 a 508 N m-2 h-1respectivamente para os tratamentos controle (sem adi??o de N), ureia e ureia +fungicida, indicando queda nas emiss?es de N2O de aproximadamente 30% no tratamento com fungicida.O tratamento com nitrato de am?nio n?o induziu emiss?es de N2O do solo.N?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos em todas as an?lises das fra??es sol?veis e tamb?m na an?lise enzim?tica. A produtividade de colmos (TCH), estimada a partir das dimens?es dos colmos, variou significativamente de 190 Mg ha-1, no tratamento controle (sem adi??o de N), para 238 Mg ha-1, no tratamento com ureia, por?m a aplica??o do produto n?o influenciou na produ??o da cultura. O uso de fungicida reduz emiss?es de N2O, por?m n?o induz maior efici?ncia de uso de N pela cana-de-a??car

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-10T14:30:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Alessandra de Lima Machado.pdf: 1487065 bytes, checksum: cd9c7f300bf5103dbe9de9f9244f7bbb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T14:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Alessandra de Lima Machado.pdf: 1487065 bytes, checksum: cd9c7f300bf5103dbe9de9f9244f7bbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The evaluation of toxicity caused by aluminum (Al) trees used in urban forestry is of great importance for the development of seedlings and plantings in appropriate conditions. The tree species Bauhinia variegata L. is commonly used in urban afforestation, requiring knowledge of their nutritional requirements and conflicts related to the presence of trees on the streets, for example, interference in the electricity distribution networks. Pruning is the main practice management done on trees planted in the streets. Optimizing the pruning process can generate benefits such as less frequent pruning, lower cost and higher efficiency, especially for the energy sector. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of Al in the development of Bauhinia variegata seedlings, and analyze the effectiveness of different types of pruning cut with or without the use of Al, in order to reduce shoots. This study was developed in two stages, resulting in two chapters. The first, directly related to mineral nutrition, with the study aimed to investigate the effects of Al toxicity on growth and root development. Experiments were performed in simple and complete nutrient solution and in acid soil substrate. The second chapter presents the study to assess the effectiveness of different types of pruning cut made in adult plants of Bauhinia variegata, with and without the use of Al as a growth inhibitor. The results indicated that this species is sensitive to the toxicity of Al from the concentration of 50 ?M, being observed decrease in root growth rate and relative root elongation. The critical dose to paralyze Al root growth were 151,48 ?M of Al in simple nutrient solution and 388,72 ?M of Al in complete nutrient solution. Al caused increase in the diameter of the roots of seedlings from the concentration at 400 ?M solution. The application of limestone in acid soil favored the growth of plants of Bauhinia variegata, resulting in higher dry matter weight values of root and shoot dry mass weight. When pruning was held close to the trunk and Al application shoots were not observed until the last evaluation at 210 days after pruning. In pruning held close to the trunk without Al application occurred shoots. In the cuttings leaving stump 20 and 40 cm, with or without the application of Al occurred shoots / A avalia??o da toxidez causada pelo alum?nio (Al) em ?rvores utilizadas na arboriza??o urbana ? de grande import?ncia para o desenvolvimento de mudas e plantios em condi??es adequadas. A esp?cie arb?rea Bauhinia variegata L., ? comumente utilizada na arboriza??o de urbana, sendo necess?rio o conhecimento das suas exig?ncias nutricionais e dos conflitos relacionados ? presen?a das ?rvores nas ruas, como, por exemplo, a interfer?ncia nas redes de distribui??o de energia el?trica. A poda ? a principal pr?tica de manejo realizada nas ?rvores plantadas nas ruas. A otimiza??o do processo de podas pode gerar benef?cios como menor frequ?ncia de podas, menor custo e maior efici?ncia, especialmente para o setor el?trico. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a influ?ncia do Al no desenvolvimento de mudas de Bauhinia variegata, e analisar a efici?ncia de diferentes tipos de corte em poda associado ou n?o ao uso de Al, de modo a diminuir brota??es. Estes estudos foram desenvolvidos em duas etapas, resultando assim em dois cap?tulos. O primeiro, relacionado diretamente ? nutri??o mineral, com o estudo direcionado ? investiga??o dos efeitos da toxidez do Al no crescimento e desenvolvimento de ra?zes. Foram realizados experimentos em solu??o nutritiva simples e completa e em substrato de solo ?cido. O segundo cap?tulo apresenta o estudo de avalia??o da efici?ncia de diferentes tipos de corte em podas realizadas em plantas adultas de Bauhinia variegata, com e sem a utiliza??o de Al como inibidor de crescimento. Os resultados indicaram que esta esp?cie ? sens?vel ? toxidez do Al a partir da concentra??o de 50 ?M, sendo observada diminui??o na taxa de crescimento radicular e na elonga??o radicular relativa. As doses cr?tica de Al que paralisaria o crescimento radicular foram de 151,48 ?M de Al em solu??o nutritiva simples e de 388,72 ?M de Al em solu??o nutritiva completa. O Al provocou aumento do di?metro das ra?zes de mudas a partir da concentra??o em solu??o de 400 ?M. A aplica??o de calc?rio em solo ?cido favoreceu o crescimento de plantas de Bauhinia variegata, resultando em maiores valores de peso de massa seca de raiz e peso de massa seca de parte a?rea. Quando a poda foi realizada rente ao tronco principal e com aplica??o de Al n?o foram observadas brota??es at? a ?ltima avalia??o, aos 210 dias ap?s a poda. Na poda realizada rente ao tronco principal sem aplica??o de Al ocorreram brota??es. Nas podas deixando toco de 20 e 40 cm, com ou sem aplica??o de Al, ocorreram brota??es.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-28T19:08:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Yuri Duarte Porto.pdf: 1910618 bytes, checksum: 969c177c9241195f2d92cb156f231abb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T19:08:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Yuri Duarte Porto.pdf: 1910618 bytes, checksum: 969c177c9241195f2d92cb156f231abb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-06 / CAPES / Corn is one of the most cultivated cereals in Brazil and it is susceptible to contamination by mycotoxins that are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. An adoption of quality management systems during a corn production chain is essential to ensure food safety concerning mycotoxin contamination. However, there is a possibility that these recognized carcinogenic metabolites may already be found in the matrix. Hence the search for alternative solutions capable of reducing contamination to safe levels by the application of emerging technologies has been intense. The methods of decontamination of foods must to obey some premises as: inactivate, destroy or remove the toxins; do not produce others toxic waste; maintain the nutritional value and acceptability of the product. Ozone, which meets almost all of these characteristics, is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration as a GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) product for use as a sanitizer in food processing. Since then its use has been investigated in several types of food, including cereals contaminated by mycotoxins. Corn canjiquinha is a cultural food easily accessible by Brazilian consumers at low prices, as well as posing a potential risk of exposure due to contamination with aflatoxins. In this study, aliquots of canjiquinha samples were inoculated with concentrations of 106 CFU/g conidia of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. previously isolated from this food. Other aliquots were contaminated with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 at a concentration of 50 ?g/kg for each. The application of gaseous ozone was tested in different combinations of exposure time, ozone concentration and canjiquinha mass, being these independent variables investigated. After treatment by ozonation, to evaluate the effects on aflatoxin concentrations, the samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD system) with pre-column derivatization (C18) by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The analytical method used in this study was optimized and parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity, limits of detection and limits of quantification of the analytical method were previously evaluated. Additionally, aflatoxin quantification tests were carried out on commercial samples of corn kernels. The method was adequate and presented recovery values within the range of 80-110% with a coefficient of variation of less than 15%, with detection and quantification limits equal to 0.8 and 3.6 ?g/kg, respectively, for each of the aflatoxins. Isolation of fungi was carried out according to the criteria of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. Thus, the efficacy of gaseous ozonation on aflatoxin levels B1, B2, G1 and G2 and on microbial contamination of canjiquinha grains showed reductions of up to 57% in aflatoxin levels. The total fungal count had a reduction of about 3.0 log cycles UFC/g and the total counts of mesophiles were reduced to undetectable levels. These results demonstrated that ozonation is an effective alternative to reduce microbial contamination and the concentration of aflatoxins in corn kernels and, consequently, can improves the safety of this product. / O milho ? um dos cereais mais cultivados no Brasil e est? exposto ? contamina??o por micotoxinas que s?o metab?litos t?xicos secund?rios produzidos por fungos. A ado??o de sistemas de gest?o da qualidade durante a cadeia de produ??o de milho ? essencial para garantir a seguran?a do alimento quanto ? contamina??o por micotoxinas. Contudo, h? possibilidade desses metab?licos reconhecidamente carcinog?nicos j? encontrarem-se na matriz. Da? a busca por solu??es alternativas capazes de reduzir a contamina??o para n?veis seguros pela aplica??o de tecnologias emergentes tem sido intensa. Os m?todos de descontamina??o de alimento devem obedecer algumas premissas como: inativar, destruir, ou remover as toxinas; n?o produzir res?duos t?xicos; manter o valor nutricional e a aceitabilidade do produto. O oz?nio atende quase todas estas caracter?sticas, ? reconhecido pelo United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) como uma subst?ncia GRAS (Geralmente Reconhecido como Seguro) para uso como sanitizante no processamento de alimentos. Desde ent?o sua utiliza??o tem sido pesquisada em diversos tipos de alimentos, incluindo cereais contaminados por micotoxinas. A canjiquinha de milho ? um alimento cultural de f?cil aquisi??o pelo consumidor brasileiro pelo baixo pre?o, al?m de representar um potencial risco de exposi??o por contamina??o com aflatoxinas. Neste estudo, al?quotas de amostras de canjiquinha foram inoculadas concentra??es de 106 UFC/g de con?dios de Aspergillus spp. e Fusarium spp. previamente isolados do alimento. Outras al?quotas foram contaminadas com aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2 na concentra??o de 50 ?g/kg para cada. A aplica??o de oz?nio gasoso foi testada em diferentes combina??es de tempo de exposi??o, concentra??o do oz?nio e massa de canjiquinha, sendo essas as vari?veis independentes pesquisadas. Ap?s tratamento por ozoniza??o, para avalia??o dos efeitos sobre as concentra??es de aflatoxinas, as amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia com detec??o por fluoresc?ncia (sistema CLAE-DF) com derivatiza??o pr?-coluna (C18) por ?cido trifluoroac?tico (TFA). O m?todo anal?tico utilizado neste estudo foi otimizado e par?metros como a exatid?o, precis?o, linearidade da faixa de trabalho, seletividade, limites de detec??o e limites de quantifica??o do m?todo anal?tico foram previamente avaliados. Adicionalmente efetuaram-se ensaios para quantifica??o das aflatoxinas em amostras comerciais de canjiquinha de milho. O m?todo mostrou-se adequado e apresentando valores de recupera??o dentro da faixa de 80-110% com coeficiente de varia??o menor que 15%, sendo os limites de detec??o e quantifica??o iguais a 0,8 e 3,6 ?g/Kg, respectivamente, para cada uma das aflatoxinas. O isolamento de fungos foi realizado de acordo com as normas do Minist?rio da Agricultura. Assim a avalia??o da efic?cia da ozoniza??o gasoso sobre os n?veis de aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2 e sobre a contamina??o microbiana dos gr?os de canjiquinha apresentou redu??es de at? 57% nos n?veis de aflatoxinas. A contagem de fungos totais teve uma redu??o de cerca de 3,0 ciclos log UFC/g e a contagem total de mes?filos foram reduzidas a n?veis n?o detect?veis. Estes resultados demonstraram que a ozoniza??o ? uma alternativa eficaz para reduzir a contamina??o microbiana e a concentra??o de aflatoxinas em canjiquinha de milho e, consequentemente, melhora a seguran?a desse produto.

Millimeter wave imaging systems are the next generation imaging systems being developed for security and surveillance purposes. In this work, thin film metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel junction based detector using Ni-NiO-Cr has been developed for the first time for millimeter wave detection operating at 94 GHz. Extensive process development has been carried out to fabricate the MIM junctions. Arrays of MIM junctions with 1 µm² contact area and ultra-thin insulator layer of ~3 nanometer have been developed using e-beam lithography and reactive sputtering, respectively. MIM diodes were also fabricated in a bulk-micromachined diaphragm configuration to minimize surface wave loss. DC and millimeter wave measurements were carried out on the fabricated diodes to determine the device characteristics and performance. The current-voltage (I-V) measurements yielded current in the range of few µA with significant non-linearity and asymmetry. A maximum sensitivity of 7 V-1 was also obtained from the fabricated diode. These tunnel junctions showed a positive response to millimeter wave signal, with output current in the range of few µA. By controlling the input power of the millimeter wave signal, the output current from the device could be varied. Additionally, MIM diodes with 100 µm² contact area were developed using optical lithography technique. The I-V characteristics of diode demonstrated a uniform behavior, with a sensitivity value of 15 V-1. Furthermore, the diodes were utilized to observe the effects of post-deposition annealing on the diode I-V behavior. The I-V measurement provided evidence of diode operation up to 350°C, with optimal operation at 250°C. Finally, the feasibility of using an organic insulator was also investigated. MIM junctions were fabricated with a thin layer of polyaniline using Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process. The electrical characteristics of the polyaniline based MIM junction was determined by evaluating its I-V response. The use of an alternate dielectric proved successful, yielding a significant non-linearity and asymmetry. However, the output current obtained from these junctions was in the order of nano-Amperes. By optimizing the deposition process, the organic MIM junctions can be developed to yield better device characteristics.

Geometri är ett matematiskt område som visat sig vara svårt för svenska elever. Denna undersökning syftar till att ta reda på vilka aspekter på geometri elever i år nio, med särskilt stöd i matematik, behöver utveckla för att nå godkända resultat. Den söker även svar på vilka faktorer som påverkar eleven i inlärningssituationer. Empirin inhämtades genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att begreppsförståelse, formelhantering och förmåga att kommunicera är aspekter som måste fördjupas för att målen i matematik ska nås. De mest frekventa påverkansfaktorer som angavs i inlärningssituationer var läraren, tiden, kompisar och läromedlet.

A nanofilm rotation method is developed to study the rotation of nanograins and the formation of various low energy interfaces. Epitaxial NiO and Ag nanofilms are prepared by ion beam sputtering onto the (100), (110), (111) and (112) surfaces of NaCl single crystal. By overlapping of the above films with an angle difference, and annealing at relatively low temperatures the nanograins are induced to rotate till a stable interface is reached. The rotation process and the stable interfaces are determined by transmission electron microscopy. Many new interfaces between mixed planes are found, and their orientation relationships and structures are analyzed. The rotation speed increase with temperature and is fast above 200oC.

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Lietuvoje viena iš probleminių paveldėjimo teisės sričių yra įpėdinių atsakomybė už palikėjo skolas. Šiam teisiniam institutui vis dar skiriama nepakankamai dėmesio. Trūksta literatūros, kuri būtų prieinama bet kuriam visuomenės nariui, susidūrusiam su paveldėjimo neigiamomis pasekmėmis ar siekiančiam jų išvengti. Daugelis vis dar linkę manyti, jog priimant palikimą, prisiimamas tik jį sudarantis aktyvas. Tačiau situacija yra kitokia – tenka įvykdyti ir palikėjo turėtus skolinius įsipareigojimus, kadangi Lietuvoje, kaip ir kitose šiame darbe nagrinėtose kontinentinės teisės tradicijos valstybėse, pripažįstama neribota įpėdinių atsakomybė, kuri tam tikrais būdais gali būti apribojama tikrąja palikimo verte. Žmonės mažai yra girdėję ir apie galimybę apriboti savo atsakomybę už velionio skolas sudarant palikimo apyrašą. Tai kelia nerimą, nes tokia teisinė priemonė mūsų Civiliniame kodekse buvo įtvirtinta dar 2001 metais. Praėjo aštuoneri metai, o išsamių teisinių darbų šia tema nėra. Šis palikimo priėmimo būdas vis dar stokoja teisės mokslininkų ir praktikų dėmesio. Taip pat nėra jokių teisės aktų, detalizuojančių palikimo apyrašo turinį, nurodančių, kur suinteresuoti asmenys gali susipažinti su jau parengtu tokiu dokumentu ir pan. Įstatymų leidėjui reikėtų imtis veiksmų ne tik šioje srityje. Turėtų būti daugiau dėmesio skiriama ir palikimo priėmimui pradėjus faktiškai valdyti palikimą sudarantį turtą. Tai daugiausiai praktinių problemų keliantis palikimo priėmimo būdas. Pagal... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Heir’s responsibility for debts of the succession is in Lithuania one of the most problematical sphere of the inheritance law. It takes still not enough notice of this law’s institute. It lacks literature, which is approachable for any member of the society, who comes across negative effects of inheritance or who wants escape them. Many people think, that when they accept a succession, they accept just assets. But situation is different – they are obliged to pay the debts of the succession too, because Lithuania like and other in this work analyzed continental law countries, recognizes unlimited heir’s responsibility, which can be limit to the extent of the value of the property of the succession. The people know little about the possibility to limit their responsibility for the devisor’s debts when they make an inventory. It’s not good, because a law’s measure like this was brought in our Civil Code in 2001. It passed eight jears, but today we still don’t have exhaustive works on this theme. This method of the succession acceptance still lacks of consideration of the law scientists and practitioners. We don’t have laws, which detail content of the inventory and explain where the inventory may be consulted by persons concerned too. The legislator must do something not just in this law’s sphere. He must take more notice of the acceptance of succession, when the heir takes possession in fact of the property of the succession too. The possession in fact of the property of the... [to full text]

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T21:25:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanildoSoaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2270301 bytes, checksum: 5add0148e1804b5ea19d268161722854 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-11T16:40:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanildoSoaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2270301 bytes, checksum: 5add0148e1804b5ea19d268161722854 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T16:40:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanildoSoaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2270301 bytes, checksum: 5add0148e1804b5ea19d268161722854 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-25 / A Restaura??o tem por objetivo a preserva??o do patrim?nio cultural material. As interven??es nesse patrim?nio para sua conserva??o s?o orientadas por uma metodologia espec?fica que tem por objetivo a manuten??o dos valores hist?ricos, art?sticos e culturais atribu?dos a esse patrim?nio, caracterizando-se assim por uma a??o cultural. Essa a??o portanto exige uma equipe multidisciplinar, e tratando-se de um patrim?nio edificado ? necess?ria a presen?a de um engenheiro civil na equipe. Essas edifica??es caracterizam-se pelo uso de tecnologias antigas, al?m de terem um processo de produ??o complexo porque envolve v?rios fatores que interagem entre si como em um sistema, um Sistema Construtivo. Sup?e-se ent?o que o conhecimento do Sistema Construtivo de cada edifica??o, contribui para o alcance dos princ?pios de m?nima interven??o, reversibilidade e compatibilidade dos materiais e t?cnicas da Restaura??o. Assim, esta pesquisa, de carater descritivo, teve por objetivo analisar como a categoria de an?lise Sistema Construtivo contribui para a metodologia da Restaura??o, na etapa de conhecimento do bem, do patrim?nio edificado do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Realizou-se assim uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica abrangendo as teorias da conserva??o, os estudos hist?ricos sobre o processo de produ??o das edifica??es e a teoria dos sistemas. Al?m disso, realizou-se tamb?m uma pesquisa documental e uma viagem de campo para conhecer e caracterizar o patrim?nio edificado do Rio Grande do Norte. Verificou-se ent?o que o Sistema Construtivo permite entender o processo de produ??o de uma edifica??o, identificando fatores que influenciam na forma final do objeto e que s?o caracter?sticos de cada tempo e lugar. / The purpose of the Restoration is to preserve the cultural property of historic building. The interventions in historic buildings for their conservation are guided by a specific methodology whose objective is the maintenance of the historical, artistic and cultural values attributed to these buildings, and these interventions are characterized as a cultural action. This action therefore requires a multidisciplinary team and when it comes to historic buildings, it is necessary the presence of a civil engineer in the team. These buildings are characterized by the use of ancient technologies and by a complex production process because it involves several factors that interact with each other as a system, a Construction System therefore. It is assumed that the knowledge of the Constructive System of each building contributes to the achievement of the principles of minimal intervention, reversibility and compatibility of materials and techniques in Restoration. The purpose of this descriptive research was to analyze how the Constructive System category contributes to the Restoration methodology, in the step of historic research of historic buildings in Rio Grande do Norte. A bibliographical research covering conservation theories, historical studies of the production process of buildings and systems theory was thus carried out. In addition, a documentary research and a field trip to get to know and to characterize the historic buildings in Rio Grande do Norte was also carried out. It was verified that the Constructive System allows to understand the process of production of a building, identifying factors that influence in the final form of this object and that they are characteristic of each time and place.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciericAA.pdf: 3105945 bytes, checksum: 434348633df1dedcb6e622baefde201e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / This work aims to develop a methodology for analysis of images using overlapping, which assists in identification of microstructural features in areas of titanium, which may be associated with its biological response. That way, surfaces of titanium heat treated for 08 (eight) different ways have been subjected to a test culture of cells. It was a relationship between the grain, texture and shape of grains of surface of titanium (attacked) trying to relate to the process of proliferation and adhesion. We used an open source software for cell counting adhered to the surface of titanium. The juxtaposition of images before and after cell culture was obtained with the aid of micro-hardness of impressions made on the surface of samples. From this image where there is overlap, it is possible to study a possible relationship between cell growth with microstructural characteristics of the surface of titanium. This methodology was efficient to describe a set of procedures that are useful in the analysis of surfaces of titanium subjected to a culture of cells / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de an?lise de imagens, utilizando sobreposi??es, que auxilie na identifica??o de caracter?sticas microestruturais, em superf?cies de tit?nio, que possam estar associadas com a sua resposta biol?gica. Desse modo, superf?cies de tit?nio tratadas termicamente de 08(oito) diferentes maneiras foram submetidas a um ensaio de cultura de c?lulas. Buscou-se uma rela??o entre os gr?os, textura e contornos de gr?os da superf?cie de tit?nio (atacada) procurando relacionar com o processo de prolifera??o e ades?o. Foi utilizado um software open source para a contagem das c?lulas aderidas ? superf?cie do tit?nio. A justaposi??o das imagens antes e ap?s a cultura de c?lulas foi obtida com o aux?lio de impress?es de micro-dureza feita sobre a superf?cie das amostras. A partir desta imagem onde h? a sobreposi??o, ? poss?vel o estudo de uma poss?vel rela??o entre o crescimento celular com as caracter?sticas microestruturais da superf?cie de tit?nio. Essa metodologia se mostrou eficiente ao descrever um conjunto de procedimentos que s?o ?teis na analise de superf?cies de tit?nio submetidos a uma cultura de c?lulas