This study aims to identify the quality of knowledge management practices and success factors of non-governmental organisations in Malawi, and their influence on the knowledge management process. A questionnaire-based survey is used to establish the knowledge management practices being implemented and the extent to which they are being followed through on. A statistical-based analysis enabled the researcher to determine the influence of these practices on knowledge management processes. Results suggest an unbalanced pursuit of knowledge management practices in Malawian non-governmental organisations, which are oriented towards the knowledge generation process but fall short in knowledge application activities. This study contributes to strategy formulation and decision making in respect of adopting and investing in knowledge management initiatives in the non-profit sector. More importantly, it joins the debate on identification of appropriate practices which effectively address organisational needs. Data is limited to non-governmental organisations in Malawi; therefore, findings may be tied to a specific geographical location / School of Computing / M.Sc. (Computing)

I och med att globalisering ökar i världen, kan det vara av vikt för företag att se över sitt ar-bete med frågor som går under begrepp så som Global Compact och Corporate Social Re-sponsibility (CSR) samt att ha kunskap i hur samarbete kan ske på olika nivåer i företaget med hjälp av Non Governmental Organizations (NGO). Denna uppsats har valt att tolka be-greppet CSR utifrån de tio principerna i FN:s Global Compact. När ett företag arbetar enligt dessa principer ställs krav på rapportering av hur principerna tillämpas och vilka effekterna blir, vilket skapar goda normer för hur andra företag bör arbeta med dessa frågor. Det finns olika sätt att mäta detta arbete på.Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att ta reda på hur företag i Sydafrika arbetar och agerar vad gäller frågor relaterade till CSR. För att uppfylla syftet ställdes följande frågor; på vilket sätt arbetar företag i Sydafrika med frågor som omfattas av begreppet CSR samt vilka är de främs-ta hindren för att Sydafrikanska företag skall kunna fortsätta implementera CSR i sin verk-samhet? En kvantitativ studie med kvalitativa inslag har genomförts. Fem företag svarade på ett frågeformulär med dels frågor med fasta svarsalternativ men också öppna frågor där re-spondenterna hade en möjlighet att utveckla sina åsikter. Frågeformuläret som delades ut till företagen är av deskriptivt karaktär vilket innebär att frågorna är utformade för att kunna ge en beskrivande bild av företaget.Den genomförda studien visar att de tio punkterna i Global Compact är viktiga principer. Dock var inte alla företag i studien eniga om vilka principer som var viktigast, men de var mer eller mindre överrens om att principen som omfattar mänskliga rättigheter är en princip som är ytterst värdefull. En anledning till detta kan vara att Sydafrika nyligen kommit ut ur en era då apartheid rådde i landet och det skulle även kunna vara en anledning till att responden-terna i studiens undersökning har valt att svara fåordigt på frågan om vad de anser om Black Economic Empowerment (BEE).Två av studiens företag försöker arbeta med frågor relaterade till CSR genom att fokusera på barnen i Kapstaden, genom att ge dem en mer uthärdlig tillvaro. Alla fem företag i studien arbetar med olika sociala frågor som relateras till CSR och Global Compact men ingen av studiens tillfrågade företagen har ett direkt samarbete med NGO:er när det gäller dessa frågor, vilket kan bero på att kunskapen om vilka fördelarna är om ett samarbete inleds med en eller flera NGO:er. saknas. Endast ett av företagen i studien berörde de ekonomiska och miljömäs-siga dimensionerna av CSR.De svårigheter som kan identifieras i denna studie är främst att fokus i CSR ligger på sociala frågor samt att miljö och ekonomifrågor får mindre uppmärksamhet. / With the increasing globalization of the world, it might be good for companies to review their work with issues that go over concepts such as the Global Compact, CSR and also have knowledge of how cooperation can occur at different levels within the company with the help of NGOs. This study has chosen to interpret the concept of CSR from the UN Global Com-pact, the ten principles. The purpose of this study was to find out how companies in South Africa acts and works on issues related to CSR. To be able to fulfill this purpose following question was asked: how do companies located in South Africa work with the matters covered by the concept of CSR? Which problems can be identified as barriers to meet the require-ments of CSR in South African companies? To fulfill the purpose a quantitative survey with qualitative elements was conducted, data were collected through a semi structured question-naire. Five companies represent data collected in this study. The questionnaire that was distri-buted to the companies is of descriptive nature, which means that the questions are designed to provide a descriptive picture of the company.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

This study was aimed at analysing structural relations between the State and the non-governmental organizations (NGO) sector. It focused on the relations between two NGOs, namely the Labour Research Service and the Institute for Democracy in South Africa on the one hand and the National Development Agency on the other. The National Development Agency is a State intermediary structure established to facilitate funding and policy dialogue between the State and the NGO sector. The three institutions have been included in order to analyse the way in which a state-designed institution relates with NGOs and in turn the NGOs responded in general.

非政府社會服務機構作為第三部門，於社會福利服務擔當重要角色。由於近年的全球化引致社會問題性質複雜化，以及本地政經環境的挑戰，令非政府社會服務機構面對不少前所未有的困難。如能有效掌握建制對機構的規範、與提供資源者互相依存的關係，將有助機構成功的生存和發展。 / 管理者與前線社會工作者是兩群主要面對上述困難的相關人員，他們如何理解現況、管理者會作出何種應對策略、前線社工又如何反應等都是值得深入研究的課題。 / 管理者及前線社會工作者是本研究的主要研究對象，本研究成功訪問了17位管理者及11 位前線社會工作者。研究發現管理者普遍關心機構的財政穩健情況。基於管理者的關注角度，機構所採納的策略傾向是配合建制規範、擴展服務及資源、提升資助者及服務使用者對機構的信任度。可是這等機構策略卻換來前線社會工作者的負面回應，尤其被認為是導致低工作滿足感及士氣低落的成因。前線社工關心的是專業形象及個人的身心健康。除了注重制度化的認受性及爭取資源外，本研究建議機構宜多促進前線社工對機構使命及目標的共同承擔。此外有鑑機構於公民社會的參與及倡導工作承擔的有限性，建議宜提升此方面的關注。 / It is generally agreed that Non-Governmental Social Service Organizations (NGSSOs) play specific roles as part of the third sector in the process of social welfare service provision. However, due to the globalized and structural nature of the emerging social problems, as well as the local challenges, NGSSOs are experiencing difficulties in reaching their goals and performing their missions. To manage well the institutional rules and the interdependent relation with the environment may lead to effective organizational survival and development. Management staff as well as frontline social workers are two major parties who may have significant responses upon these challenges and difficulties. How these two groups perceive the current situation, how management staff decide to adopt whichever kind of organizational strategies; whereas how frontline social workers respond to these organization policies are areas worth for study. / In this study, organization leaders and frontline social workers were selected as the study target. A total of 17 management staff and 11 frontline social workers were interviewed. It is revealed that NGSSO management staff concern most with the financial stability and viability of their organizations. Under such an orientation, organizational strategies adopted by these leaders relate largely to compromising to institutional rules, expanding services and resources, and increasing organizational credibility among funders and service users. These organization-wide behaviors have turned out to have negative effects on job satisfaction and work atmosphere among frontline social workers. Comparing to their supervisor counterpart, they concern more about their professional identity and subjective well being. / Apart from gaining institutional legitimacy and environment resources, it is recommended that NGSSOs may put extra effort in promoting shared mission and organizational goals among their frontline staff. It was also found that representing civil society and doing advocacy work do not take high priority among NGSSO informants. It is suggested that NGSSOs focus more on this area and readjust the balance of being a service provider and an active member of civil society. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Au, Kit Ying Anita = 香港非政府社會服務機構的機構生存與發展策略 / 區潔盈. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-348). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes includes Chinese. / Au, Kit Ying Anita = Xianggang fei zheng fu she hui fu wu ji gou de ji gou sheng cun yu fa zhan ce lüe / Qu Jieying.

In rural China, when approaching the end of nine-year compulsory schooling, students face four equally popular post-compulsory education decisions (PCED): dropout, work after graduation, vocational high school, and academic high school. The literature tends to simply treat PCED as dichotomous (continue vs. leave school), and there is a geographical research imbalance favoring inner China. An increasing volume of studies also suggest that traditionally recognized factors like socioeconomic status and academic performance are not as influential as before in advancing the schooling. People have started to look at socio-emotional support, such as the promotion of self-discipline and confidence. At present, it is grassroots NGOs (GNGO) who take the major responsibility for providing this type of support in rural China, and there is rare discussion of achievements, let alone evaluation of practical impact. Given the existing problems, the key research questions of this study are: (1) What are the current PCED determinants for China’s rural students? More specifically, what are the PCED determinants for lower secondary students in rural Guangdong, a coastal province? (2) How can GNGO intervention affect PCED by boosting certain subjective factor(s)? The tested treatment is the Lighthouse program, whose one-month summer camp aims to improve student attitudes towards their life, such as making them more confident, organized, and social. The key to answering the first question is to explore a comprehensive list of variables applying to local populations, which cannot be achieved simply through a literature review. When answering the second question, since Lighthouse participation is voluntary, it is important to deal with selection bias, to ensure that any identified Lighthouse impact results from its activities rather than the student characteristics that lead to their participation. To overcome these methodological challenges, I first employed the Delphi approach. Delphi is an iterative process used to collect and distill the judgments of experts using a series of questionnaires interspersed with feedback. It is used to identify possible PCED determinants that are missing in the literature, to determine factors that lead to Lighthouse participation, and to collect discussions about both PCED determinants and GNGO intervention. Based on the Delphi results and literature, I then designed five questionnaires for students, households, teachers, principals, and Lighthouse volunteers. In Jun-Oct 2012, I led seven research assistants in conducting two waves of surveys in eight towns, building a firsthand dataset of 6298 valid observations with imputations. Multinomial logit was used to investigate PCED determinants. It predicted the PCED probabilities, given nine groups of independent variables. Propensity score matching was used to evaluate the program impact. It calculates the treatment propensity for each student based on their characteristics, so the Lighthouse impact can be compared between treated and untreated students of similar treatment propensity. Tests of robustness and heterogeneity were conducted after both methods. Qualitative materials collected from Delphi and on-site interviews were used to explore the causal mechanism. I use relative risk ratios to report the findings of PCED determinants. The findings challenge the existing literature regarding the roles of gender and parental background, further extend knowledge of monetary reward/cost and subjective factors, and confirm new possible determinants that have seldom been investigated in literature. The main model passes the robustness check, and there exist explainable heterogeneity effects. It is notable that education aspiration stands out as a strong PCED determinant, ceteris paribus. Propensity score matching shows that the Lighthouse program mainly affects PCED by boosting educational aspiration for students with high academic performance, although that impact fades gradually if there is no follow-up service. The novelty of the program to local people, volunteer team morale, and volunteer acceptance of Lighthouse training could help explain why increases in aspiration varied across sites. The role-model effect might explain why the increase in aspiration exists, as there are signs that the students tried to copy the volunteer’s schooling decision once trust was built. This study makes three major contributions. It can be translated into comprehensive advocacy for education policies related to PCED, such as dropout prevention and the promotion of VHS. It may also suggest the value of, or at least the required improvement to, China’s educational GNGOs, which are young and remain confined by governmental regulations. Last but not least, this is a unique showcase of how qualitative-quantitative sequential mixed-method works better in exploratory analyses. The study has limitations in timing, missing data, external validity, implementation of research methods, and heavy rely on self-reported questionnaires, but they can be largely eliminated by conducting proper further studies.

Islam Md. Saiful. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-181). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Abstract in Chinese --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Note --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Plates --- p.x / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Statement of the Problem / Literature Review / Chapter - --- "Minority Groups, NGOs and Development Issues" / Chapter - --- Education Among Minority Groups / Chapter - --- Minority Groups as Discriminated and Stigmatized / Chapter - --- Fighting Against Discrimination: The Art of Resistance / Methodology / Chapter - --- Selecting the NGOs / Chapter - --- Finding the Field Site / Chapter - --- Settling / Chapter - --- From Padri through Sir to Dada: Rapport Buildup / Chapter - --- How I Collected Data / Chapter - --- Pains and Pleasures of Fieldwork / Chapter - --- Limitations of the Study / Structure of the Thesis / Chapter Chapter Two --- "Barind Tract of Northwest Bangladesh: The Villages Studied, Ecology and Cultural Mosaic" --- p.37 / The Study Villages: A Brief Profile / Chapter - --- Ruposhi: A Santal Village / Chapter - --- Fulpur: An Oraon Village / Northwest Bangladesh: Ecology and Implications / People of Barind Tract: The Cultural Mosaic / The Santal and the Oraon: From Historical Context to the Present Situation / Chapter Chapter Three --- "NGOs in Bangladesh: Growth, Rhetoric and Realities" --- p.56 / The Growth of NGOs in Bangladesh: A Brief Overview / Chapter - --- NGOs and Their Achievements / Chapter - --- The Rhetoric Behind the Reality: Challenges and problems of the NGOs / Prochesta: A Minority-run NGO / Chapter - --- "Goals, Objectives and Programmes of Prochesta" / Chapter - --- Organizational Structure of Prochesta / Unnoyan: A Bengali-run NGO / Chapter - --- "Vision, Mission and Programmes of Unnoyan" / Chapter - --- Unnoyan: Organizational Structure / Chapter Chapter Four --- "Minority Groups, Economic Livelihood and NGOs" --- p.79 / Agrarian Economy with Single Crop Cultivation / Land Ownership and Patterns of Tenancy / Agriculture and Food Sufficiency: A General Calculation / Supplementing Household Income / Economic Support: The Santal and Prochesta / The Oraon and Unnoyan in Promoting Economic Livelihood / "Minority Groups, Economic Livelihood and the Role of NGOs" / Chapter Chapter Five --- "Education Among Minority Groups: The Santal, The Oraon and The NGOs" --- p.114 / The General Situation of Education Among Minority People in the Study Villages / Dropout From the School: Minority Point of View / Medium of Instruction for Minority Students: The Dilemmas of Monolingualism / The Santal and Prochesta in Promoting Education / "The Oraon, Unnoyan and Education" / Chapter - --- Primary Education for the Oraon Children / Chapter - --- Lahanti: The Adult Education Programme / Chapter - --- Preparing Curriculum in Oraon Language: The Action Research Project / "Minority Groups, Education and the NGOs" / Chapter Chapter Six --- Minority Groups and Fighting Against Discrimination: The Art of Resistance and the Involvement of NGOs --- p.144 / Everyday Discrimination Encountered by Minority People: Nature and Pervasiveness / Fighting Against Discrimination and the Involvement of NGOs / Chapter - --- The Santal and Prochesta in Fighting Against Discrimination / Chapter - --- The Oraon and Unnoyan in Fighting Against Discrimination / Minority Groups and the Role NGOs in Fighting Against Discrimination / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion --- p.164 / Bibliography --- p.175

Ng King Sau. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-147). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.iii / 論文摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.v-vi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1-3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.3-5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.5-7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of the Research --- p.7-9 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review / Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of Civil Society --- p.10-16 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Idea of Global Civil Society --- p.16-19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Development of Chinese Civil Society --- p.19-23 / Chapter 2.4 --- Development of Global Civil Society in China --- p.23-26 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Analytical Framework and Methodology / Chapter 3.1 --- Structural Level of Analysis --- p.21-29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Organizational Level of Analysis --- p.29-33 / Chapter 3.3 --- Individual Level of Analysis --- p.33-34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Definition of Culture --- p.34-40 / Chapter 3.5 --- Methodology --- p.40-45 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Global Civil Society: The case of Greenpeace / Chapter 4.1. --- A History of Greenpeace --- p.46-47 / Chapter 4.2. --- The Mission of Greenpeace --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Resources of Greenpeace --- p.48-49 / Chapter 4.4. --- Organizational Structure of Greenpeace: a M-form organization --- p.49-52 / Chapter 4.5. --- Global Strategy of Greenpeace --- p.52-56 / Chapter 4.6 --- Background of Establishment of China Office --- p.56-57 / Chapter 4.7 --- Greenpeace China I: An Introduction to the Hong Kong Unit --- p.57-58 / Chapter 4.8 --- Greenpeace China II: An Introduction to the Beijing Unit --- p.58-60 / Chapter 4.9 --- Greenpeace China III: An Introduction to the Guangzhou Unit --- p.60-62 / Chapter 4.10 --- Conclusion --- p.62-63 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Guangzhou Unit: Process and Mechanisms of Cultural Diffusion / Chapter 5.1 --- Structural Level of Analysis: An Introduction of Guangzhou --- p.64-69 / Chapter 5.2 --- Organizational Level of Analysis: Cooperation with local civil society and local authorities --- p.69-82 / Chapter 5.3 --- Individual Level of Analysis: Social Remittance Theory and Opinion Leader --- p.82-83 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.83-84 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Before Change: Development of Traditional Chinese Civic Culture / Chapter 6.1 --- Chinese Civility: From Traditional to Contemporary China --- p.85-88 / Chapter 6.2 --- Compare Chinese Civility to Western Civility --- p.88-92 / Chapter 6.3 --- Conclusion --- p.92-93 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- After Change: Success and Constraints on Cultural Change / Chapter 7.1 --- Diffusion of the Consciousness of Civil Rights --- p.94-100 / Chapter 7.2 --- Diffusion of the Consciousness of Social Rights --- p.100-102 / Chapter 7.3 --- Diffusion of the Consciousness of Political Participation --- p.102-104 / Chapter 7.4 --- Diffusion of the Consciousness of Community Participation --- p.104-112 / Chapter 7.5 --- Constraints --- p.112-117 / Chapter 7.6 --- Conclusion --- p.117-120 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion / Chapter 8.1 --- Globalness and Cultural Change --- p.121-122 / Chapter 8.2 --- Roles Played by Local Civil Society --- p.122-123 / Chapter 8.3 --- Culturla Change led by Greenpeace --- p.124-128 / Chapter 8.4 --- Reflections and Implications --- p.128-129 / Appendix I --- p.130-131 / Appendix II --- p.132-135 / Appendix III --- p.136 / Appendix IV --- p.137 / Bibliography --- p.138-147

The research found that MRPO is helpful for environmental protection and poverty alleviation in rural areas. The poor get pay through working for the project of MROP, but it is too little to help them move out of poverty. However, owning some forestry land may give them sustainable income and help them move out of poverty. The project can raise the public environmental consciousness, and improve the natural environment observably, but do not work well in pollution reduction. / The study identified different types of public participation and asset ownerships which have different impacts on the success of the program. There were two participation modes (market-oriented participation and official-led participation) and two types of asset ownership (household ownership and the common ownership). We found that market-oriented participation and household ownership was more effective for poverty elimination and environmental protection than official-led participation and the common ownership. This study suggests that for improving the performance of the program, NGOs should use market-oriented participation when implementing the program, and distribute the asset ownership of the project's outcomes to the poor family when the program is finished. Finally, this study puts forward some specific recommendations in relation to social welfare policies, social work practice, and project implementation to promote the development of NGOs in environmental protection and poverty alleviation in China. / This paper is a case study on an environmental and poverty alleviation program, namely Mother River Protection Operation (MRPO), launched by China Youth Development Foundation (CYDF) in 1999. CYDF hopes to address environmental concerns and alleviate poverty through the implementation of this program in poor rural regions of China. The study, based on a survey of 833 persons in four projects of MROP and interviews with 25 farmers and project staffs, evaluated the performance of the program, and analyzed the factors influencing the program outcomes. The four projects respectively lie in four provinces of China, which are Hebei province, Mongolia province, Sichuan province and Guangdong province. / 劉洲鴻. / 顯微膠片卷端, 作者名誤作"ZHOUHONG, Liu" / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 438-461). / Xian wei jiao pian juan duan, zuo zhe ming wu zuo "ZHOUHONG, Liu" / Adviser: Kwong-Leung Tang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4867. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 438-461). / Liu Zhouhong.