Aluminium titanium oxynitrides were studied as candidate materials for high temperature absorbers in solar selective coatings due to their excellent stability and their tuneable optical behaviour. A set of individual AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x) layers with different oxygen content was prepared by cathodic vacuum arc (CVA) deposition. The composition, morphology, phase structure and microstructure of the films were characterized by elastic recoil detection (ERD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. An fcc phase structure is found in a broad compositional range of AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x). Simultaneously, sample microstructure and morphology undergo systematic changes from a columnar growth to the development of a heterogeneous structure with spherical nanoparticle inclusions when the oxygen concentration is increased. The optical properties were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV–Vis–NIR and FTIR spectrophotometry. A comprehensive analysis of the film properties allowed an accurate modelling of the optical constants of the AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x) in the whole wavelength range of solar interest (from 190 nm to 25 µm). It points to a transition from metallic to dielectric behaviour with increasing oxygen content. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the optical properties of these AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x) deposited films can be controlled in a wide range from metallic to dielectric character by adjusting the oxygen concentration, opening a huge range of possibilities for the design of solar selective coatings (SSC) based on this material. Complete SSC, including a TiN layer as IR reflector, were designed by applying optical simulations, obtaining excellent optical selective properties of α=94.0% and εRT = 4.8%.

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Motivations for entertainment consumption are complex, involving moods, wants, anticipations, and several other factors. Typically, attempts at a theoretical understanding of motivations for media selection have centered on enjoyment, or hedonic, pleasure-seeking motivations. Recently eudaimonic, or truth-seeking, motivations have also been given much attention. Most investigations into hedonic and eudaimonic motivations for media consumption have conceptualized these motivations as traits, rather than as states. Recent research has used survey methods to determine that those with hedonic motivations tend to seek out entertainment that is hedonic in nature and feel more fun affect while watching, while those with eudaimonic motivations for consuming entertainment tend to seek out media that is eudaimonic and nature and experience more meaningful affect during viewing. This experiment successfully manipulated hedonic and eudaimonic states using clips with either hedonic or eudemonic tone from three different television shows, with hedonic or eudaimonic tone in clips significantly affecting participants\' reports of hedonic and eudaimonic states as well as meaningful and fun affect. The effects of clips with hedonic or eudaimonic tone on these responses were not moderated by typical hedonic and eudaimonic trait preferences. The experiment also examined the effect that clips with hedonic or eudaimonic tone might have on subsequent program selection by allowing participants to rank hedonic or eudaimonic clips for subsequent viewing. The hedonic or eudaimonic tone of the clips only predicted participants\' subsequent  preference for eudaimonic or hedonic clips in the case of one of the three shows in the study; this effect on subsequent clip preference was found with the show that generally elicted the strongest responses from viewers in other study measures. Implications for our understanding of television consumption motivations are discussed. / Master of Arts

The undergraduate major change or declaration process can be cumbersome for students who find themselves in unknown territories when making decisions or seeking help during this transition. One of the most challenging groups of students to assist through this transition are those who are denied access to their intended program of study. These students are often pursuing selective degree programs with limited enrollment and competitive admission requirements. Research on students pursuing selective degree programs is largely outdated, with most studies being older than ten years. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how undergraduate students experience leaving selective health profession interest areas in dental hygiene, nursing, and radiologic sciences at a public research university located in Tennessee. This qualitative study included the experiences of 12 third and fourth-year college students at one institution who applied for a selective degree program, were not accepted, and remained enrolled at the institution. It included semi-structured, open-ended individual interviews to investigate these undergraduate students’ experiences when undergoing an undergraduate major change away from a selective degree program. The results aligned with the theoretical framework of Schlossberg’s transition theory (Schlossberg, 1981; Schlossberg, 1991; Schlossberg et al., 1995). The students leaving selective health profession interest areas in dental hygiene, nursing, and radiologic sciences placed importance on college and career choice, experienced change of major difficulties, used campus and other support resources, and developed new strategies for success throughout the change of major process. Recommendations for further study include expanding the sample size and adding other selective degree programs to gain a more holistic picture, developing studies at multiple institutions that follow students throughout the entirety of their undergraduate careers, and investigating students’ coping strategies to identify ways to foster resiliency.

The object of this research was to develop an arsenic(V) selective electrode. The electrode is based on a solid state membrane prepared by pressing a precipitate of silver arsenate-silver sulfide into a pellet. After the electrode was made, experiments were designed to check for three general characteristics of the electrodes: dependence of potential on pH for constant arsenic(V) concentration; dependence of potential on arsenic(V) concentrations at constant pH and extent of interference due to phosphate and arsenic(III) ions. From these measurements, it was found that Ag2HAs04 was formed originally in the membranes containing a small fraction of arsenic(V) and that this compound was converted to Ag3As04 on the electrode surface in alkaline solutions.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第18724号 / 文博第682号 / 新制||文||617(附属図書館) / 31675 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科現代文化学専攻 / (主査)准教授 伊勢田 哲治, 教授 伊藤 和行, 准教授 出口 康夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第19079号 / 人博第732号 / 新制||人||176(附属図書館) / 26||人博||732(吉田南総合図書館) / 32030 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 齋木 潤, 教授 船橋 新太郎, 准教授 月浦 崇 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Our lives are dominated by a complex visual world, and spatially selective attention allows us to process only the most relevant information. Previous evidence suggests that if possible locations of stimulus presentation are delineated, attention affects processing in a spatially graded manner. This gradient is seen in both behavioral measures and in visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Stimuli presented close to cued regions elicit faster responses and larger VEPs than those presented farther away. However, both position in the visual field and allocation of attention may contribute to the observed gradients. These relative contributions can be distinguished by comparing responses on physically identical trials when attention is directed to locations at various distances from the stimuli. In the current study, participants attended to one of 12 squares arranged in a circle around fixation. Letters appeared individually, each in one of the squares; 80% were O’s (standards) and 20% were X’s (deviants). Participants were instructed to press a button when an X appeared at the attended location. The largest amplitude N1s (150-200 ms) were observed when participants attended to the location where a standard was presented. VEPs elicited by standards showed evidence of asymmetric attentional gradients. Specifically, the gradient of facilitation spread down more than up. Results also showed that attention had differential effects on the stages of processing indexed at specific time windows. These results confirm that attention can be applied to visual processing in a spatial gradient, reveal its asymmetric distribution, and elaborate on the timing of its selectivity.