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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

The Standard Model Analyasis Of The Cp Violation In The Inclusive Semileptonic B-meson Decays

Eygi, Zeynep Deniz 01 February 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Being a flavor changing neutral current process, inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays provide reliable testing grounds for the Standard Model at the loop level. They are also importanat in the CKM phenomology and investing the CP violation due to the existence of sizable interference terms in the decay amplitude. In this work , the rare inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays for (lepton is electron ,muon , tau) are investigated in the context of the Standard Model.The differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry ,CP &ndash / violating asymmetry and CP &ndash / violating asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry in these processes are examined.The dependencies of these physical parameters on the Standard Model parametres are analyzed by paying a special attention to the long distance effects. Although the branching ratios predicted for the inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays are relatively small because of CKM suppression , it has been found that there is a significant ACP and ACP(AFB) for these processes.
152

Recherche d'un neutrino stérile avec l'expérience STEREO : construction du veto à muons et estimation du bruit de fond corrélé / Search for a sterile neutrino with the STEREO experiment : construction of a muon veto and estimation of the correlated background

Zsoldos, Stephane 30 September 2016 (has links)
La réévaluation théorique du flux d'antineutrinos émis par les réacteurs nucléaires a révélé un déficit de 6% entre le flux observé et le flux attendu. Cette anomalie des antineutrinos de réacteur est significative à 2.7 σ, et une possible interprétation de ce résultat est l'existence d'un état stérile léger du neutrino vers lequel les neutrinos pourraient osciller à très courte distance. Le projet STEREO présenté dans ce manuscrit a pour objectif de prouver ou d'infirmer l'existence d'une telle oscillation.L'expérience est installée près (~10 m) du cœur compact du réacteur de recherche de l'Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) à Grenoble, France, qui produit un important flux d'antineutrinos électroniques avec une énergie comprise entre 1 et 10 MeV. Le volume utile du détecteur STEREO consiste en une structure de 2 m3 segmentée en six cellules identiques remplies de scintillateur liquide dopé au gadolinium et alignées dans la direction du cœur. La détection s'effectue à l'aide de la réaction beta-inverse.Cette configuration offre une excellente sensibilité à une éventuelle oscillation à courte distance en mesurant la distorsion relative du spectre des antineutrinos dans chaque cellule en fonction de l'énergie et de la distance.Les lignes expérimentales de faisceaux de neutrons de l'ILL produisent un fort bruit de fond qui a été caractérisé à l'occasion de plusieurs campagnes de mesure. Leur analyse a permis de valider le design des lourds blindages passifs installés autour du détecteur et de la zone d'installation pour modérer leurs effets sur l’expérience STEREO.De plus, un détecteur supplémentaire est installé au-dessus de STEREO pour signaler la présence d'un muon issu du rayonnement cosmique et définir un veto aux mesures physiques. Ces muons, lors de leur passage à travers les blindages du détecteur, peuvent produire des neutrons rapides capables d’imiter le signal attendu par les antineutrinos. Il est donc essentiel de définir un veto qui soit le plus efficace et homogène possible.Il prend la forme d'une cuve de 2.5 m3 remplie d'eau dont la détection est basée sur l’effet Tcherenkov. Cette lumière émise par le passage des muons est récoltée sur 20 tubes photomultiplicateurs répartis au-dessus de la cuve et un additif est rajouté dans l'eau pour améliorer la collection de lumière sur les photomultiplicateurs.Ce veto à muons couvre complètement le détecteur STEREO ainsi que ces blindagesL'étude de plusieurs configurations de ce veto à muons sous la forme de prototypes avant la construction de l'instrument final a permis de définir une méthode de déclenchement du signal pour les muons extrêmement efficace tout en conservant une sensibilité réduite aux autres particules. Ces nombreux tests ont par ailleurs permis la validation et l'optimisation de l'électronique développée pour l'expérience au LPSC qui est la même pour le détecteur STEREO et pour le veto à muons.Après avoir caractérisé le flux de muons sur place et l'efficacité du veto à muons, une simulation a été développée et a permis d'évaluer le nombre de faux événements dus à ces neutrons. Ainsi, ce résultat a confirmé les prérequis scientifiques de l'expérience, à savoir la capacité à sonder l'anomalie des antineutrinos de réacteur en 300 jours de données réacteur.Le détecteur est actuellement en place sur site et prévoit de livrer ses premiers résultats fin 2016. / The re-evaluation of the theoretical antineutrino flux emitted by nuclear reactors revealed a deficit of about 6% between the observed flux and the expected one. This so-called reactor antineutrino anomaly has a statistical significance of 2.7σ, and one possible explanation to this deficit could be the existence of a light sterile neutrino state into which reactor antineutrino oscillate at very short distances. The STEREO project, which will be presented in this thesis, aims to find an evidence of such oscillation.The measurement will take place at only few meters (~10 m) from the compact core of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) research reactor in Grenoble, France, which provides a large flux of electron antineutrinos with an energy range from 1 to 10 MeV. The sensitive volume of the STEREO detector is 2m3 of organic liquid scintillator doped with Gadolinium, consisting of 6 cells stacked along the direction of the core and detecting anti-neutrinos via inverse beta decay.This setup will provide excellent sensitivity to short-baseline oscillations effects by precisely measuring any relative distortion of the antineutrino spectrum as a function of both energy and baseline.Close proximity to the reactor yield a high background environment from nearby experiments that is managed through heavy shielding surrounding the detector. Many measurements campaign has been performed to characterized this background and had allowed the improvement of the passive shielding design installed on-site.Moreover, an additional detector is settled above STEREO to tag the presence of an incoming cosmic muon and define a muon veto. These muons will produce fast neutrons during their interaction through the shieldings of STEREO and these neutrons can mimick the expected antineutrino signal. Therefore it is crucial to define the most efficient and homogenous veto to these muons.It consists of a tank of 2.5m3 of water detecting muons by their Cerenkov radiation. The light emitted is collected thanks to 20 photomultipliers positionned at the top of the tank and a chemical compound is added into the water to improve the light collection on the photomultipliers.This muon veto fully covers the STEREO detector along with its shieldings.Several configurations of the muon veto system using prototypes before the final instrumental has allowed to define a trigger system which allows an excellent efficiency to cosmic muons regarding a little sensitivity to others particles. These numerous tests were also used to check and optimize the dedicated electronics builded at LPSC, which is the same for both the STEREO detector and muon veto.After characterization of the muon flux on site and with respect to the muon veto efficiency, a simulation has been developped to evaluate the rate of fake antineutrino event expected from the muon-induced fast neutrons. Thus, this result has confirmed the scientific requirements of the experience, which is the ability to probe the reactor antineutrino anomaly in 300 days of reactor data.STEREO is at the moment being comissionned and will deliver his first results at the end of 2016.
153

Interpréter les recherches de nouvelle physique au LHC à l’aide de modèles simplifiés / Understanding LHC searches for new physics with simplified models

Laa, Ursula 15 September 2017 (has links)
La découverte récente du boson de Higgs complète le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules, mais aucun signal de nouvelle physique n’a été observé en dépit des nombreuses recherches effectuées par les expériences du Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Cependant le problème de hiérarchie et la présence de matière noire sont des motivations importantes pour considérer des théories qui prédisent de nouveaux états à l’échelle électro-faible, de fait, de nombreux travaux ont été initiés sur l’interprétation des résultats négatifs et leurs implications pour de tels scénarios. Les modèles simplifiés sont devenus une norme pour l’interprétation des recherches de supersymétrie (SUSY) au LHC, et plus récemment pour les recherches de matière noire. Le succès de cette approche vient d’un petit nombre de paramètres liés aux observables au LHC de façon claire, ce qui permet une optimisation efficace des stratégies de recherche. De plus, les modèles complets peuvent être projetés sur de tels modèles simplifiés ce qui permet une compréhension intuitive des contraintes sur l’espace des paramètres et un test rapide des contraintes du LHC. Puisque les relations entre les paramètres de modèles généraux et les modèles simplifiés ne sont pas en général directes, des outils numériques sophistiqués sont nécessaires pour faciliter cette projection.Cette thèse explore de nombreux aspects de l’interpretation des recherches du LHC par les modèles simplifiés, et de la façon dont ils sont utilisés pour faire le lien entre les observations expérimentales et les descriptions théoriques. En particulier le code SModelS est présenté, il permet la décomposition automatique de modèles généraux en modèles simplifiés inspirés par la SUSY, et de les tester aux contraintes expérimentales incluses dans une base de données. Sous certaines hypothèses SModelS peut être utilisé pour contraindre une grande classe de modèles comprenant un candidat à la matière noire. Ces hypothèses sont discutées en détail et des études de modèles supersymétriques (non-minimaux) utilisant SModelS pour l’évaluation rapide des contraintes expérimentales sont présentées. Ces études soulignent les avantages ainsi que les limitations de l’utilisation de modèles simplifiés. Finalement, concernant les modèles simplifiés pour la recherche de matière noire, des scénarios avec un médiateur de spin-2 sont étudiés en détail. / The recent discovery of the Higgs boson completes the standard model of particle physics, but no compelling signal for physics beyond the standard model has been observed despite the numerous searches performed by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Nevertheless, the hierarchy problem and the observation of dark matter are compelling arguments to study theories predicting new states at the weak scale, and a main effort has been directed towards understanding the negative search results and their implications for such weak scale new physics scenarios. Simplified models have become a standard in the interpretation of LHC searches for supersymmetry (SUSY), aiming at maximal model independence. More recently a similar approach was adopted for the interpretation of dark matter searches. The success of this approach is due to the fact that the small set of free parameters relates to the observables in LHC searches in a clear way, allowing an efficient optimisation of search strategies. Moreover, generic models can be projected on a simplified model description giving an intuitive understanding of the constraints on the parameter space, and providing a fast test against LHC constraints. As the relation between generic model parameters and simplified models is generally not straightforward, sophisticated computational tools are required to facilitate such a projection.This thesis explores the various aspects of simplified model interpretations of LHC searches and how they can be used to understand the results and bridge the gap between theoretical descriptions and experimental observations. In particular the software tool SModelS is presented, a tool that automates the mapping of generic models onto SUSY-like simplified model components, and that allows direct tests against corresponding experimental limits in the included database. Under certain assumptions SModelS can be used to constrain a wide class of new physics models with a dark matter candidate. These assumptions and some explicit tests are discussed in detail, followed by studies of (non-minimal) supersymmetric models using SModelS for the fast evaluation of constraints from SUSY searches. These studies highlight the capacity as well as the limitations of using simplified model results to study generic models. Finally regarding simplified models for dark matter searches, scenarios with a spin-2 mediator are studied in detail.
154

Supersimetria e o modelo mínimo supersimétrico

Holguín Cardona, Sergio Andrés [UNESP] 03 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardona_sah_me_ift.pdf: 677122 bytes, checksum: ef4eda2c094c5339bde81ff781b3d4cd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A supersimetria é um tópico importante na física teórica atual. Em particular, tem-se dedicado grande esforço no estudo das extensões supersimétricas do Modelo Padrão (SM) desde a década de 80. A incorporação da supersimetria no SM resulta em uma grande quantidade de modelos. O modelo com o conteúdo mínimo de partículas assim como de interações é chamado o Modelo Mínimo Supersimétrico (MSSM). DEvido à supersimetria, todos os modelos supersimétricos apresentam diferenças com relação ao SM. A principal delas, além do conteúdo de partículas, está no setor de Higgs. Em particular, o setor de Higgs do modelo MSSM contem cinco graus de liberdade (cinco bósons de Higgs), diferentemente do SM, que contem apenas um bóson de Higgs. Outra diferença importante no caso do MSSM deve-se à mistura dos estados associados pela supersimetria aos bósons de Gauge e aos bósons de Higgs, chamados gauginos e higgsinos respectivamente, cujos autoestados de massa são conhecidos como charginos e neutralinos. Estas partículas desempenham um papel fundamental na possível descoberta da supersimetria na escala de energia de TeV's. / Supersymmetry is a fundamental topic in the actual theoretical physics. In particular, since the 80's, huge efforts have been done studying the supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model (SM). Including supersymmetry in the SM generates a great amount of models. Among all of these, there is one that involves the minimum number of particles and interactions. This model is known as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Due to the incorporation of supersymmetry, all the extensions have differences in relation with the SM. The most remarkable one, beyond the particles content, lies in the Higgs sector. Particularly, in the MSSM Higg's sector there are five degrees of freedom (five Higgs bosons), in contrast with the SM (just one). Another difference is related wit the higgsino and gaugino mixture. This result in the presence of mass eigenstates known as charginos and neutralinos. The later particles play a fundamental role in the possible test of supersymmetry at the TeV's scales.
155

O bóson de Higgs no modelo padrão das interações eletrofracas: aspectos fenomenológicos do setor escalar e resultados experimentais / Electroweak standard model higgs boson: phenomenological and experimental results

Jeffery, Luciano [UNESP] 09 March 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-13T12:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-09. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-13T12:25:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000833427.pdf: 449220 bytes, checksum: 758ad7ad483cbe265ba29cfb939252ad (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-05-04T13:08:32Z: 000833427_.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-04T13:09:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000833427.pdf: 27828302 bytes, checksum: f9bffd8775ba9e024fb2915e6e0a6087 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar os aspectos gerais do setor escalar do Modelo Padrão, a partir princípio de gauge, que dá consistência teórica à formulação do Modelo Eletrofraco, assim como a quebra espontânea de simetria e o mecanismo de Higgs que são fundamentais no contexto do modelo para a geração de massa das partículas elementares e, tem como consequência o surgimento de uma nova partícula escalar massiva, o bóson de Higgs do Modelo Padrão, cuja massa não está definida no modelo. Apresentamos um estudo dos principais modos de produção e decaimento do bóson de Higgs bem como a sua busca em aceleradores. Apresentamos um conjunto de resultados experimentais que foram publicados ao longo dos anos nas principais colaborações como LEP, Tevatron e LHC, que contribuíram na longa trajetória da busca, até sua identificação em 2012 / The objective of this work is to study the general aspects of the scale sector of the Standard Model the principle of gauge, which gives theoretical consistency to the electroweak model formulation, as well as spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Higgs mechanism, that are fundamental for the mass generation of the elementary particles, and gives rise to a new massive particle scale, the Higgs boson of whose value is not defined in the model. We present a study of the major modes of production and decay of Higgs boson as well as search of such particle in accelerators. We present a set of experimental results that have been published over the years in the major collaborations as LEP, Tevatron and LHC, which contributed in the long history of the Higgs boson search, until its identification in 2012
156

Mesure de la corrélation de spin ttbar et de la polarisation du W dans les événements ttbar di-leptonique avec ATLAS / Measurement of ttbar spin correlation and w polarization with the tt di-leptonic channel events at Atlas

Chen, Liming 10 December 2013 (has links)
Le modèle standard (SM) est une théorie auto cohérente expliquant les particules élémentaires et leurs interactions. Le grand collisionneur de hadron ou Large Hadron Collider (LHC) a été construit au CERN pour mesurer avec précision les paramètres du SM et en chercher la dernière particule, le boson de Higgs. Le détecteur polyvalent ATLAS, mis en place auprès d’un de ses points d’interaction, couvre la quasi-totalité de l’angle solide et peut détecter les particules issues de collisions proton-proton (pp). Un très grand nombre d’événements ttbar y sont produits et permettent des mesures précises des propriétés du quark top. Les événements contenant exactement deux leptons isolés de charges opposées, au moins deux jets de haute impulsion transverse et une grande énergie manquante, sont considérés comme événements signal ttbar di-leptonique. Pour supprimer le fond, au moins un jet doit être étiqueté de type b. Ce canal a un rapport de branchement plus faible que d’autres canaux mais ses caractéristiques permettent de rejeter significativement le fond QCD et WJet.Cette thèse présente la mesure différentielle de la corrélation de spin ttbar et de l’hélicité du boson W avec les 4.6 fb-1 de données de collisions pp à 7TeV enregistrées en 2011. Les deux mesures appliquent une méthode bayésienne de dé-convolution pour extraire la «vraie» distribution de parton de celle «observée». La régularisation est étudiée dans les différentes analyses. Le spectre différentiel de corrélation de spin combiné de saveur dé-convolué est en accord avec les prédictions NLO SM. Les fractions F0, FL et FR, d’helicité combinée de saveur, du boson W sont également compatibles avec les valeurs NLO SM. / The Standard Model (SM) is a self-consistent theory that explains the elementary particles and interactions. To further confirm the SM theory, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was built at CERN to accurately validate the SM and search for the last SM particle, the Higgs boson. The multipurpose ATLAS detector is set up at one of the LHC interaction point. Nearly covering the whole solid angle, it detects particles over a wide range of energies with well-designed sub-detectors to record proton-proton (pp) collision up to a 14TeV center-of-mass energy and a luminosity of 1034 cm-2 s-1. A large number of ttbar events are produced and can be used for precise top quark property studies. Events that decay in exactly two opposite sign isolated leptons, at least two high transverse momentum jets and large missing energy are considered as di-leptonic t tbar signal events. To suppress the background, at least one of jets must be b-tagged. This channel has a lesser branching ratio with respect to other channels but its features allow to reject the QCD and W+jet backgrounds significantly.This thesis presents the differential measurement of ttbar spin correlation and W boson polarization using the 4.6 fb-1 7TeV pp collision data recorded in 2011. Both of the measurements apply Bayesian unfolding algorithm to extract the parton "true" spectrum from the "observed" one. The regularization is well studied in the different analyses. The combined unfolded spectrum of ttbar spin correlation agrees with the SM NLO prediction at differential level. The extracted W boson helicity combined results of F0, FL and FR fractions are also consistent with SM NLO values.
157

New heavy resonances : from the electroweak to the planck scale / Nouvelles résonances lourdes : de l'échelle électrofaible à l'échelle de Planck

Lyonnet, Florian 23 September 2014 (has links)
Le principe d'invariance de jauge local est au centre de la physique des particules moderne. Dans le modèle standard (MS), il repose sur le groupe de jauge ad hoc SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y. L'idée d'étendre ce groupe de jauge est particulièrement attrayante dans une perspective de ``Grand Unified Theory'' (GUT) où le MS est la limite basse énergie d'une théorie plus fondamentale basée sur un groupe de jauge beaucoup plus large tel que SO(10) ou E(6). En effet, lors de la brisure de symétrie du groupe de GUT au MS, des facteurs de groupe non-brisés supplémentaires, tels que U(1) ou SU(2), peuvent apparaitre. Ce manuscrit est consacré à la phénoménologie de modèles avec un groupe de jauge étendu. En particulier, les études présentées sont centrées sur les modèles basés sur le groupe de jauge SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1) dénotés G(221). De manière générique, ces modèles prédisent de nouveaux bosons de jauges, Z' et W'.Après une brève présentation des modèles G(221), un nouveau code publique, PyR@TE, qui permet de déterminer les équations du groupe de renormalisation à deux boucles pour une théorie de jauge arbitraire est introduit. Ce code est ensuite utilisé pour déterminer les RGEs des modèles de la classe G(221). La suite du manuscrit est dédiée à la présentation des résultats obtenus sur le calcul des corrections radiatives QCD de la production électrofaible d'une paire de quarks top dans le cadre des modèles G(221), i.e. en présence d'un nouveau boson de jauge Z'. Ces résultats font l'objet d'une implémentation dans le générateur d'événements Monte Carlo POWHEG BOX et les premiers résultats numériques obtenus sont présentés. Les derniers développements concernant le calcul des corrections QCD à la production électrofaible de single-top sont également revus. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce manuscrit est consacrée à l'étude de l'impact de nouvelles résonances W', Z', telles que celles présentes dans les modèles G(221), sur l'interaction des neutrinos d'ultra-haute énergie dans l'atmosphère. Ces interactions sont recherchées par l'observatoire Pierre Auger dans les douches de particules produites par l'interaction des rayons cosmiques avec les particules de l'atmosphère. / The principle of local gauge invariance is a pillar of modern particle physics theories and in the SM relies on the ad-hoc gauge group structure SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y. Extending this gauge group is very well motivated in a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) perspective in which the SM is the low-energy limit of a more fundamental theory based on a larger gauge group like SO(10) or E(6). Indeed, the symmetry breaking (SB) of the underlying GUT gauge group, down to the SM one, leaves some additional group factors unbroken, such as U(1) or SU(2). In this spirit, we focus in this manuscript on the phenomenology of extended gauge group models and on the new heavy neutral and charged resonances, generically called Z' and W' predicted by these.In this manuscript we present different aspects of the phenomenology of the G(221) models. After reviewing these extensions, we present a public tool, PyR@TE, that aims at automating the calculation of RGEs at two-loop for arbitrary gauge theories and exemplify its use with the G(221) models. In a second part, we present our results for the calculation of the QCD corrections to the electroweak top-pair production as well as their implementation in a general purpose Monte Carlo generator allowing for a consistent matching of next-to-leading order (NLO) matrix elements with parton shower algorithms, the POWHEG BOX. We then review the status of our calculation of the QCD corrections to the electroweak single-top production. Finally, we present a different aspect of the phenomenology of new heavy resonances, Z', W' by studying their impact on the interaction of ultra-high energy neutrinos in the atmosphere. For definiteness we consider the Pierre Auger Observatory, which is sensible to showers initiated by neutrinos of extreme energies up to 10E12 GeV
158

O modelo 331 mínimo reduzido

Ferreira Júnior, José Geilson 15 March 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-17T13:32:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1432836 bytes, checksum: 787aec1b6ccf4583bde4a76a32999d81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-17T13:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1432836 bytes, checksum: 787aec1b6ccf4583bde4a76a32999d81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-15 / The Standard Model of elementary particles has been verified by all experimental tests up to the present moment. However, theoretical and experimental evidences guarantee us that this model is not the final one that describes the fundamentals interactions. In this way, the aim of this work is to develop model based on the gauge group 𝑆𝑈(3)𝐶⊗𝑆𝑈(3)𝐿⊗ 𝑈()𝑋 (331 model), a simple extension of the gauge group of the Standard Model, which solves some problems not covered by this model. There are many versions of 331 model well-founded, one of these is the minimal version, which leptonic content is identical to the Standard Model. In the minimal 331 model, the scalar sector is formed by three triplets and one sextet of scalars, which leads to large amount of interactions, so this proposal complicates the phenomenology of the scalar sector. In my work, we shall show that the structure of the minimal 331 model can be constructed with only two triplets. In relation to the later model, our model presents some advantages, like making the phenomenology of the scalar sector more tractable. / O modelo padrão das partículas elementares foi verificado por todos os testes experimentais até o momento. No entanto, evidências teóricas e experimentais nos garantem que ele não é o modelo final das interações fundamentais. Assim, a proposta desta dissertação é desenvolver um modelo baseado no grupo de simetria 𝑆𝑈(3)𝐶 ⊗𝑆𝑈(3)𝐿⊗𝑈()𝑋 (modelo 331), uma simples extensão do grupo de simetria do modelo padrão que soluciona alguns questionamentos não atacados por ele. Existem versões desse modelo bem fundamentadas, uma delas é a versão mínima do modelo 331, cujo conteúdo leptônico é idêntico ao do modelo padrão. Nessa versão do modelo, o setor escalar contém três tripletos e um sexteto de escalares, gerando uma grande quantidades de interações e assim, dificultando a fenomenologia do setor escalar. Neste trabalho, mostraremos que a estrutura da versão mínima do modelo 331 pode ser construída com apenas dois tripletos de escalares. Comparado ao anterior, o nosso modelo apresenta algumas vantagens, sendo que uma delas é tornar a fenomenologia do setor escalar mais tratável.
159

Estabelecimento de um sistema padrão primário para raios X baixas com uma câmara de ionização de ar livre de energias / Establishment a primary standard system for low energy X-rays using a free air ionization chamber

SILVA, NATALIA F. da 22 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T12:43:46Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T12:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
160

O espectro de escalares do mecanismo seesaw triplo

Caetano, Wellington de Lima 06 May 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1204809 bytes, checksum: 5976a34278e9533ed5bacae174865cb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this thesis we study some extensions of the Standard Model to accommodate mass for neutrinos. In order to explain the deficit of atmospheric and solar neutrinos observed on Earth, the phenomenon of flavor oscillation between families requires that neutrinos have physical mass eigenstates. For this, we constructed possible mass terms of Majorana or Dirac. We also develop type I-II seesaw mechanisms to generate neutrino masses. Analyzing the applicability of these seesaw mechanisms, we observe, for example, that the type I seesaw requires the existence of heavy right-handed neutrinos mass with the scale of grand unification. Next, we study the triple seesaw mechanism, where we show the possibility of generating neutrino mass using the TeV energy accelerators. We also examine the scalar sector of this mechanism, which is based on a Two Higgs Doublet Model, in addition to standard model content. Finally, we derive the mass spectrum of the scalar, obtaining a stable pseudoscalar with mass close to 10 GeV, as a possible cold dark matter candidate. / Nesta dissertação estudamos algumas extensões do Modelo Padrão que acomodam massa para neutrinos. Para a explicação do déficit de neutrinos solares e atmosféricos observados na Terra, o fenômeno da oscilação de sabores entre as famílias requer que neutrinos tenham autoestados físicos massivos. Para isso, construímos possíveis termos de massa de Dirac ou Majorana e desenvolvemos os mecanismos seesaw dos tipos I e II para geração de massa para neutrinos. Analisando as aplicabilidades destes mecanismos seesaw, observamos, por exemplo, que o seesaw do tipo I requer a existência de neutrinos pesados de mão-direita com massa na escala das teorias de grande unificação. Em seguida, estudamos o mecanismo seesaw Triplo, que tem como base um modelo com dois dubletos e um singleto de escalares, além do conteúdo padrão. Neste modelo, mostramos a possibilidade de geração de neutrinos massivos usando os aceleradores com energia na escala de TeV. Finalmente, analisamos o setor escalar do modelo que realiza este seesaw, onde derivamos o espectro de massa dos escalares, obtendo um pseudoescalar estável com massa próxima a 10 GeV, que é um possível candidato a matéria escura fria.

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