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Women drinking in early modern England / Andrea Snowden CastCast, Andrea Snowden January 2002 (has links)
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-415) / viii, 415 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Investigates female drinking patterns and how they impacted on women's lives in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in early modern England. Deals with female drinking as a site of contention between insubordinate women and the dominant paradigm of male expectations about drinking and drunkeness. Female drinking patterns integrated drinking and drunkeness into women's lives in ways that enhanced bonding with their female friends, even if it inconvenienced their husbands and male authorities. Drunken sociability empowered women. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2002
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The Non-alcoholic Beverage Market in the United States: Demand Interrelationships, Dynamics, Nutrition Issues and Probability Forecast EvaluationDharmasena, Kalu Arachchillage Senarath 2010 May 1900 (has links)
There are many different types of non-alcoholic beverages (NAB) available in
the United States today compared to a decade ago. Additionally, the needs of beverage
consumers have evolved over the years centering attention on functionality and health
dimensions. These trends in volume of consumption are a testament to the growth in the
NAB industry.
Our study pertains to ten NAB categories. We developed and employed a unique
cross-sectional and time-series data set based on Nielsen Homescan data associated with
household purchases of NAB from 1998 through 2003.
First, we considered demographic and economic profiling of the consumption of
NAB in a two-stage model. Race, region, age and presence of children and gender of
household head were the most important factors affecting the choice and level of
consumption.
Second, we used expectation-prediction success tables, calibration, resolution,
the Brier score and the Yates partition of the Brier score to measure the accuracy of predictions generated from qualitative choice models used to model the purchase
decision of NAB by U.S. households. The Yates partition of the Brier score
outperformed all other measures.
Third, we modeled demand interrelationships, dynamics and habits of NAB
consumption estimating own-price, cross-price and expenditure elasticities. The
Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System, the synthetic Barten model and the State
Adjustment Model were used. Soft drinks were substitutes and fruit juices were
complements for most of non-alcoholic beverages. Investigation of a proposed tax on
sugar-sweetened beverages revealed the importance of centering attention not only to
direct effects but also to indirect effects of taxes on beverage consumption.
Finally, we investigated factors affecting nutritional contributions derived from
consumption of NAB. Also, we ascertained the impact of the USDA year 2000 Dietary
Guidelines for Americans associated with the consumption of NAB. Significant factors
affecting caloric and nutrient intake from NAB were price, employment status of
household head, region, race, presence of children and the gender of household food
manager. Furthermore, we found that USDA nutrition intervention program was
successful in reducing caloric and caffeine intake from consumption of NAB.
The away-from-home intake of beverages and potential impacts of NAB
advertising are not captured in our work. In future work, we plan to address these
limitations.
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Examination of a Bi-Directional Relationship between Urgency and Alcohol UseBlackledge, Sabrina M. 12 1900 (has links)
The proposed study examined whether negative urgency and positive urgency are dynamic traits that hold bi-directional relationships with binge and prolonged alcohol use across time. Individuals between the ages of 18-30 were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk; n = 179) and university student (n = 66) pools. Participants completed three batteries of self-report assessments approximately 30 days apart, each containing measures assessing negative and positive urgency, as well as drinking frequency and binge behavior during the prior month. Latent variable cross-lagged panel models examined the effects of alcohol use from the previous month on negative and positive urgency while controlling for concurrent and autoregressive effects. Results of the current study indicated that for the full sample, there was not an effect for the influence of binge/prolonged drinking on either negative or positive urgency during the subsequent month. However, when examined separately by sample (Turkers vs. university) and gender (male vs. female), significant effects were found more for individuals who were Turkers, male, and/or heavy drinkers, suggesting that increases in positive and negative urgency at Time 2 could be partially explained by variance in drinking patterns at Time 1 for these individuals. However, these relationships were not replicated again between Time 2 and Time 3 due to a decrease in all drinking behaviors during these times. Lastly, the study found that while urgency scores were related to psychosocial problems and dependence symptoms associated with drinking, there was no evidence to support that urgency scores had substantial relationships to specific frequency and/or bingeing behavior across the overall sample, although positive urgency had support for a relationship with bingeing, particularly among heavily drinking men. Thus, while the primary findings did not indicate any effects for a general sample of young adults, the effects observed among heavy male drinkers in the present study add to a growing body of literature indicating potential for interactive effects among personality, environmental, and sociobiological factors across the trajectory of the human lifespan. Future research that continues to examine urgency and how it relates to alcohol use in longitudinal contexts, utilizing diverse samples, is warranted.
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The effects of alcohol odor cues on food and alcohol attentional bias, cravings, and consumptionKaryadi, Kenny 08 July 2015 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In order to elucidate the role of classical conditioning in food and alcohol co-consumption, the present study examined: (1) the effects of alcohol odor cues on alcohol and food cravings and attentional bias (bias in selective attention toward either food or alcohol pictures relative to neutral pictures); and (2) the role of alcohol odor cue elicited cravings and attentional biases on subsequent consumption. Participants (n = 77; mean age = 30.84, SD = 9.46; 51.9% female, 83.1% Caucasian) first completed the lab portion of the study. In this portion, they were exposed to alcohol and neutral odorants, after which their food and alcohol cravings and attentional bias were assessed. Participants then received an online survey the next day, on which they reported their level of food and alcohol consumption following the lab portion of the study. Using repeated measures analysis of covariance, alcohol odor cues were differentially effective in increasing food and alcohol attentional bias and cravings (Fs= 0.06 to 2.72, ps= 0.03 to 0.81). Using logistic and multiple regressions, alcohol odor cue elicited alcohol attentional bias, food attentional bias, and food cravings were associated with later alcohol consumption, but not with later food consumption or concurrent consumption (βs = -0.28 to 0.48, ps = 0.02 to 0.99; Exp(B)s = 0.95 to 1.83, ps = 0.33 to 0.91). Overall, alcohol odor cues can become conditioned stimuli that elicit conditioned food-related and alcohol-related responses, both of which persist long enough to motivate later alcohol consumption; however, these conditioned responses might not persist long enough to motivate later food or concurrent consumption. These findings serve as a first step in clarifying the role of classical conditioning in concurrent consumption. In particular, they suggest that additional empirical investigations are needed to: (1) clarify the classical conditioning mechanisms underlying concurrent consumption; and (2) examine whether interventions targeting classical conditioning mechanisms are effective for reducing alcohol use.
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Evaluating the influence of alcohol advertising on alcohol consumption among the youth in the Vaal Region / Leshata Peter LedwabaLedwaba, Leshata Peter January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption among the youth in the Vaal triangle, south of Gauteng. The study was conducted in four high schools under Sedibeng West District of the Gauteng Department of Education. A quantitative approach in the form of a questionnaire was used to conduct the research.
Results obtained indicated that there is no significant correlation between alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption among the respondents. Drawing on the findings and literature review, recommendations were made to government, the liquor industry and schools that participated in the study. Limitations of the study were identified and recommendations were made for the benefit of future research.
The primary and secondary objectives of the study were successfully realised in this study. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Evaluating the influence of alcohol advertising on alcohol consumption among the youth in the Vaal Region / Leshata Peter LedwabaLedwaba, Leshata Peter January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption among the youth in the Vaal triangle, south of Gauteng. The study was conducted in four high schools under Sedibeng West District of the Gauteng Department of Education. A quantitative approach in the form of a questionnaire was used to conduct the research.
Results obtained indicated that there is no significant correlation between alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption among the respondents. Drawing on the findings and literature review, recommendations were made to government, the liquor industry and schools that participated in the study. Limitations of the study were identified and recommendations were made for the benefit of future research.
The primary and secondary objectives of the study were successfully realised in this study. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Alcohol use amongst psychiatric in-patients in a mental hospital in EthiopiaHenok Admassu Guranda 18 February 2015 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to explore alcohol use among psychiatric in-patients in a mental hospital in Ethiopia. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected through face to face structured interviews and a document analysis checklist. A researcher-modified interview-version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire was used to measure alcohol use. The study population comprised of 70 psychiatric in-patients. Data analysis showed that being male, living in an urban area, being diagnosed with schizophrenia, and having parents who drink alcohol had a statistical significant association with the alcohol use of the respondents. Respondents reported that it was difficult to abstain or stop using alcohol. They also felt discriminated against when forbidden by relatives to drink. It was alarming to find that thioridazine, which has been discontinued in most countries for the treatment of psychosis, was still being prescribed in Ethiopia. The study highlighted the need for health education to strengthen patients’ perceptions about the negative consequences of alcohol use. Care should be taken when prescribing psychotropic drugs such as thioridazine to psychiatric in-patients because of possible cardiotoxic effects. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
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Fructophilic yeasts to cure stuck fermentations in alcoholic beveragesSutterlin, Klaus A. (Klaus Alfred) 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhDAgric (Viticulture and Oenology. Wine Biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Stuck alcoholic fermentations are a major enological problem for the international
winemaking industry. Incomplete wine fermentations are frequently characterized by high
residual fructose concentrations and the near-absence of residual glucose, a fact that is due to
the glucophilic character of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Wines with high contents
of post fermentation sugar are very susceptible for microbial spoilage since residual fructose
and/or glucose can be metabolized by bacteria and yeast to undesired by-products such as
volatile acid and off-flavours, resulting in wine spoilage and considerable economic losses. It
has been reported that stuck fermentations are usually caused by several synergistically acting
inhibition factors, and the glucose to fructose ratio (GFR) is thought to play an important role in
this context. This study is aimed at contributing towards a better understanding of this industrial
problem, and at finding industrially applicable solutions.
In a first part, this study describes the isolation of two appropriate strains of the
fructophilic yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii from the natural microflora of grapevine, followed by
trials in small scale test fermentations using stuck industrial fermentations as model media.
These experiments were expanded to also investigate large scale industrial fermentations. As a
result, a strategy for the treatment of stuck fermentations was developed and successfully
applied in several wineries with fermentation problems. This methodology represents an entirely
novel and industrially applicable solution to high residual fructose levels.
In a second part, the data contributes to elucidating the molecular nature of the
fructophilic phenotype of Z. bailii by characterizing some of the genes and proteins that may be
responsible for the fructophilic character. In particular, the investigation focused on the first two
steps of hexose metabolism, the transport of sugar into the cell by permeases and sugar
phosphorylation by hexokinases, which combined are thought to be primarily responsible for
sugar preference.
One result of this study was Fructoferm W3©, a dry yeast product which is commercially
available. Fructoferm W3 was awarded with the innovation medal for enological products at
Intervitis/Interfructa, Stuttgart, Germany in 2007. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voorkoms van steek alkoholiese fermentasies is ‘n ernstige problem in die internasionale
wyn industrie. Onvolledige fermentasies word dikwels gekenmerk deur hoë residuele fruktose
konsentrasies en die veitlike afwesigheid van residuele glukose. Die kenmerke kan meestal
toegeskryf word aan die glukofilliese kakakter van die wyngis Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Wyne
met ‘n hoë suiker inhoud na die afloop van fermentasie is vatbaar vir mikrobiese bederf
aangesien residuele fruktose en/of glukose gemetaboliseer kan word deur bakterië en gis om
ongewenste byprodukte soos vlugtige sure en bygeure te vorm wat kan lei tot wyn bederf en
aansienlike ekonomies verlies. Dit is vasgestel dat steek fermentasies gewoonlik veroorsaak
word deur verskeie sinergisties werkende inhibisie faktore, waartoe die glukose/fruktose
verhouding ‘n noemenswaardiege bydrae lewer. Die mikpunt van hierdie studie was om ‘n
bydrae te lewer tot die begrip van steek fermentasies en die daarstelling van moontlike
industriële oplossings.
Die eerste deel van die werk beskryf die isolasie van twee rasse van die gis
Zygosaccharomyces baillie uit die natuurlike wingerd mikroflora, gevolg deur steekproewe in die
vorm van kelinskaalse fermentasies met steek industriële fermentasies gebruik as model media.
Hierdie ekserimente is vervolgens uitgebrei om grootskaalse industriële steek fermentasies te
bestudeer. Die uitkoms van hierdie werk het gelei tot die ontwikkeling van ‘n strategie vir die
behandeling van steek fermentasies wat susksesvol toegepas is in verskeie wynmakerye. Die
metodiek bring ‘n nuwe en industrieel toepasbare oplossing vir hoë residuele fruktose vlakke.
Die data aangebied in die tweede afdeling dra by tot die verheldering van die molekulêre natuur
van die fruktofilliese fenotipe van Z. baillie deur die tipering van gene en protiëne wat moontlik
verantwoordelik is vir die fruktofilliese karakter van die gis. Die ondersoek het spesifiek op die
eerste twee stappe van heksose metabolisme, naamlik die invoer van suiker in die sel deur
permeases en suiker fosforilering deur heksokinases, gekonsentreer. Die kombinasie van die
twee prosesse is vermoedelik verantwoordelik vir die regulering van suiker voorkeur.
‘n Gevolg van die studie was die ontwikkeling van ‘n droë gisproduk, Fructferm W3©, wat
kommersieel beskikbaar gestel is. Fructoferm W3 is in 2007 toegeken met die innovasie
medalje vir wynkundige produkte by Intervittis/Interfructa in Stuttgart, Duitsland.
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n Voorondersoek na drankwetgewing en drankgebruik in Suid-AfrikaSlabbert, M. (Marie Jordaan) January 1967 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1967. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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Advertising effectiveness in the alcoholic beverage industry of South Africa : measuring the influence of branded liquor advertising on consumption levelsVan Der Spuy, Tiaan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: The purpose of the present study is to empirically examine the relationship between brand-level alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption in South Africa. The effect that price has on alcohol consumption is also investigated in the analysis. Method: Using secondary quantitative time series data that include observations of brand-level sales volume, segment volume, brand-level market share, brand-level retail selling price (RSP) and brand-level advertising expenditure (spanning a 32 month period), statistical techniques such as tests for stationarity and co-integration were conducted to assess the association between the various constructs. Results: It was found that between January 2007 and August 2009, a period that included an economic downturn, own-brand advertising had little or no effect on brand-level sales volume (or consumption), segment sales volume and brand level market share. Conversely, price had a significant effect on sales volume, explaining between 48% and 56% of the variation in sales volume at brand-level and between 21% and 31% of the variation in brand-level market share. Conclusion: The results suggest that brand-level advertising has no significant immediate effect on consumption levels in the South African liquor industry, while the price of alcoholic beverages does have a significant immediate effect.
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