The purpose of dissertation is to examine whether the understandings of subject indexing processes conducted by human indexers have a positive impact on the effectiveness of automatic subject term assignment through text categorization (TC). More specifically, human indexers' subject indexing approaches or conceptions in conjunction with semantic sources were explored in the context of a typical scientific journal article data set. Based on the premise that subject indexing approaches or conceptions with semantic sources are important for automatic subject term assignment through TC, this study proposed an indexing conception-based framework. For the purpose of this study, three hypotheses were tested: 1) the effectiveness of semantic sources, 2) the effectiveness of an indexing conception-based framework, and 3) the effectiveness of each of three indexing conception-based approaches (the content-oriented, the document-oriented, and the domain-oriented approaches). The experiments were conducted using a support vector machine implementation in WEKA (Witten, & Frank, 2000). The experiment results pointed out that cited works, source title, and title were as effective as the full text, while keyword was found more effective than the full text. In addition, the findings showed that an indexing conception-based framework was more effective than the full text. Especially, the content-oriented and the document-oriented indexing approaches were found more effective than the full text. Among three indexing conception-based approaches, the content-oriented approach and the document-oriented approach were more effective than the domain-oriented approach. In other words, in the context of a typical scientific journal article data set, the objective contents and authors' intentions were more focused that the possible users' needs. The research findings of this study support that incorporation of human indexers' indexing approaches or conception in conjunction with semantic sources has a positive impact on the effectiveness of automatic subject term assignment.

This diploma thesis is focused on overdue receivables of the selected entity, especially from the tax perspective. The theoretical part deals with the key concepts used in this thesis. The analytical part describes the current method of dealing with overdue receivables of the selected entity from the tax point of view. The practical part contains recommendations for tax optimization of the entity’s receivables.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om och hur abakusen kan vara ett alternativt verktyg för elever med svårigheter i matematik. Sex intervjuer med matematiklärare har genomförts. En av dessa lärare arbetade på gymnasiet, tre på högstadiet och två på lågstadiet. Tre använder eller har använt abakusen och övriga tre har ingen erfarenhet av den. Studiens resultat visar att samtliga deltagare är positiva till att använda abakusen som ett alternativt verktyg för elever med svårigheter. De ansåg dock att matematiklärare behöver en bred kunskap om abakusen, för att arbeta med eleverna, och att det finns en kunskapströskel som eleverna behöver komma över för att lära sig hur abakusen fungerar. Studiens resultat visar också att de deltagande matematiklärarna anser att speciallärare har en betydelsefull roll att fylla i detta sammanhang, som rådgivare till lärare angående abakusens användning samt funktion. Detta, i kombination med att lärarna ger elever grunderna i matematik, leder till att elever med svårigheter i matematik lättare tar till sig kunskap i matematikämnet. Avslutningsvis diskuteras betydelsen av alternativa verktyg för elever som påvisar brister i matematiken samt speciallärares uppdrag att främja, förebygga och stödja elever i svårigheter. / The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how the abacus can be an alternative tool for students with mathematics difficulties. Six interviews with mathematics teachers have been conducted. One of these teachers worked in high school, three in high school and two in primary school. Three use or have used the abacus and the other three have no experience with it. The study's result show that all participants are positive about using the abacus as an alternative tool for students with difficulties. However, they felt that mathematics teachers needed a broad knowledge of the abacus to work with the students, and that there was a knowledge threshold that the students needed to come across to learn how the abacus works. The study's result also show that the participating mathematics teachers consider that special education teachers have an important role to play in this context, as advising teachers about the use and function of the abacus. This, in combination with the teachers giving the students the basics of mathematics, makes it easier for students with difficulties in mathematics to gain knowledge in the mathematics subject. Finally, the importance of alternative tools for students demonstrating shortcomings in mathematics, as well as specialist teachers' assignments to promote, prevent and support students in difficulties, is discussed.

Für eine konsistente Rechtevergabe in betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen ist die Einbeziehung umfassender intra- und interorganisationeller Strukturen unabdingbar. Die Kernproblematik aktueller Ansätze beruht auf der inkonsistenten Zuweisung von Aufgabenträgern bei der Rechtevergabe. Die Problematik fällt speziell bei aufbauorganisatorischen Änderungen, wie der Einstellung, der Versetzung und dem Ausscheiden von Aufgabenträgern in Unternehmen, ins Gewicht. Das Resultat der inkonsistenten Rechtevergabe ist die Verletzung von (Sicherheits-)Richtlinien in den Unternehmen. Der Neuheitswert der Arbeit basiert vorrangig auf der Entwicklung eines aufbauorganisatorischen Metamodells und einer korrespondierenden deklarativen Anfragesprache. Diese Komposition ermöglicht die konsistente Rechtevergabe und damit einhergehend die Einhaltung der (Sicherheits-)Richtlinien in den betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen. Des Weiteren wird der Wartungsaufwand in den betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen bei den erwähnten aufbauorganisatorischen Änderungen reduziert.

Das erste Kapitel dieser Dissertation befasst sich mit der historischen Entwicklung der Disziplin der Rechtsnachfolge in das streitbefangenen Recht (§ 265 ZPO) vom 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart in Deutschland, Frankreich und Italien. Die Ergebnisse dieses Ansatzes offenbaren eine Konstante in der Anwendung der Disziplin: man hat immer danach unterscheidet, je nachdem ob es sich um die Übertragung eines dinglichen oder eines schuldrechtlichen Rechts während des Rechtsstreits handelt. Ausgehend von dieser Prämisse wird im zweiten Kapitel der Versuch unternommen, zu zeigen, wie diese unterschiedliche Anwendungsweise aufgrund der Charakteristika der verschiedenen Rechtstypen auch heute noch notwendig ist (nicht nur aus historischen, sondern auch aus wirtschaftlichen und rechtstheoretischen Gründen). Daraus lässt sich schließen, dass bei der Abtretung eines Guthabens im Laufe eines Prozesses die Relevanztheorie anzuwenden ist, während bei der Übertragung einer res litigious die Irrelevanztheorie anzuwenden ist. Darüber hinaus wird das international-privatistische Profil des Instituts untersucht, wobei die Herausbildung einer embryonalen Disziplin der Rechtsnachfolge im Europarecht durch die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs, geprägt von den europäischen Regelungen des internationalen Privatprozessrechts, festgestellt wird. Schließlich wird im dritten Kapitel die Frage nach des Anwendungsbereichs des Rechtsinstituts der Rechtsnachfolge in das streitbefangenes Recht bzw. in den deutschen und italienischen Rechtsordnungen im Hinblick auf die unterschiedlichen Regelungen des Rechtsverkehrs in beiden Ländern behandelt. Abgesehen von den unbestreitbaren Unterschieden zwischen den Rechtssystemen lassen sich einige Analogien aufspüren, wie z.B. die innovative Anwendung des Rechtsinstituts bei der Anfechtung von Gesellschaftsbeschlüssen im Falle der Übertragung des Geschäftsanteils oder der Aktien im Laufe des Prozesses. / The first chapter of this dissertation concerns the historical development of the discipline of the transfer of interest in the context of litigation from the 19th century to the present in Germany, France and Italy. The results of the study’s comparative-historical approach show a fixed feature in how the transfer of interest after pendency is applied: it differs according to whether the transfer concerns a right in rem or a right of claim. On the basis of that, the second chapter attempts to show how this different mode of application is still necessary today (for reasons which are not only historical, but also economic and related to general theory) due to the characteristics of the different types of rights. Accordingly, it is possible to conclude that in the case of assignment of a claim in the course of litigation the Relevanztheorie must be applied; whereas, in the case of transfer of a res litigious, the Irrelevanztheorie must be applied. In addition, the international-privatist profile of the transfer of interest after pendency is investigated. Concerning that, it has been acknowledged that the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice created an embryonic discipline of succession in European law, coined on the basis of European regulations on international private procedural law. Finally, the third chapter addresses the issue of the identification of the scope of application of the transfer after pendency in the German and Italian legal systems in view of the fact that the two countries have different rules for the circulation of rights. Besides the undeniable differences which exist between the two legal systems, it is possible to identify some similarities, such as the innovative application of the transfer of interest during the annulment of a company resolution, in case of transfer of the shareholding during the litigation. / Il primo capitolo della tesi di dottorato si occupa dell’evoluzione storica della disciplina della successione nel diritto controverso a partire dal XIX secolo fino ad oggi tra Germania, Francia e Italia. I risultati di tale approccio storico-comparatistico evidenziano un dato costante delle modalità applicative dell'istituto della successione nel diritto controverso: queste ultime sono diverse a seconda che il trasferimento lite pendente riguardi un diritto reale o un diritto di credito. A partire da tale premessa, nel secondo capitolo si cerca di dimostrare come tale diversa modalità applicativa si impone ancora oggi (per ragioni non solo storiche, ma anche economiche e di teoria generale) in forza delle caratteristiche delle diverse tipologie di diritti. Sarà così possibile concludere che in caso di cessione del credito in corso di causa deve applicarsi la Relevanztheorie; mentre, in caso di trasferimento lite pendente di una res litigiosa, deve trovare applicazione la Irrelevanztheorie. Viene inoltre indagato il profilo internazional-privatistico dell’istituto della successione nel diritto controverso, rilevandosi la formazione, da parte della giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia europea, di una embrionale disciplina della successione nel diritto europeo coniata a partire dai regolamenti europei in materia di diritto processuale privato internazionale. Da ultimo, nel terzo capitolo, si affronterà il tema della individuazione del campo di applicazione dell'istituto della successione nel diritto controverso nei diversi ordinamenti tedesco e italiano in considerazione della diversa disciplina di circolazione dei diritti nei due paesi. Al di là delle innegabili differenze tra i due ordinamenti, sarà così possibile rintracciare alcune analogie, come l’applicazione innovativa dell’istituto nelle impugnative di delibere societarie (e condominiali), in caso di cessione della partecipazione sociale in corso di causa.

Bakgrund: Anestesisjuksköterskan arbete består i att ge god anestesiologisk omvårdnad. Varje enskild situation ställer krav på färdigheter, kunskap och kompetens. (Gran Bruun, 2013). Att “identifiera svår luftväg”, “skapa en handlingsplan”, “bevara lugn och fokusera på uppgiften”, “tekniska färdigheter” samt “använda utrustningen” är faktorer som anestesisjuksköterskan upplevde som avgörande för att hantera en svår luftväg på ett framgångsrikt sätt (Dabija et al., 2019). För att hantera väntade och oväntade händelser upplevde anestesisjuksköterskor att klinisk erfarenhet var en avgörande förutsättning för hur praktiskt och mentalt förberedda de var för oväntade situationer. Motiv: Baserat på tidigare evidens faller det sig intressant att undersöka hur anestesisjuksköterskan upplever att hantera ofri luftväg utanför operationssalens givna kontext. Syfte: Att studera anestesisjuksköterskans erfarenhet av beslutsfattande vid luftvägshantering i samband med uppdrag utanför operationsavdelningen. Metod: Kvalitativ design användes för studien, insamling av data gjordes med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta anestesisjuksköterskor inkluderades i studien varav ett internt bortfall. Resultat: Anestesisjuksköterskan grundar sina beslut i observationer och bedömningar kring flera parametrar när de hanterar ofri luftväg på uppdrag utanför operationsavdelningen. De bedömer patientens kliniska tecken men också omgivning och förutsättningar för uppdraget, för att kunna hantera olika typer av väntade och oväntade händelser. Anestesisjuksköterskan kan uppleva en del utmaningar i form av svårigheter och negativa känslor men också utmaningar i att skapa kontroll i olika situationer. Som nyutbildad anestesisjuksköterska upplevde de att de behövde stöd i sitt beslutsfattande samt att de upplevde en del prövningar i form av oro och att vara oförberedd. Konklusion: Att vara förberedd för alla möjliga väntade och oväntade händelser beskrivs som mycket viktig. Erfarenhet i yrket underlättar förberedelser, beslutsfattande och ger en ökad trygghet i dessa situationer. För att förstå hur den nyutbildade anestesisjuksköterskan uppfattar dessa situationer vore det intressant att studera anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelser i ämnet vidare för att om möjligt utveckla riktlinjer och på det sättet stödja dem i arbetet. / Background: The nurse anesthetists’ work consists of providing good anesthesiologic nursing. Each individual situation places demands on skills, knowledge, and competence (Gran Bruun, 2013). "Identifying a difficult airway", "creating an action plan", "maintaining calm and focusing on the task", "technical skills" and "using the equipment" are factors that the nurse anesthetist experienced as crucial to managing a difficult airway successfully (Dabija et al., 2019). To deal with expected and unexpected events, nurse anesthetist feels that clinical experience was a crucial prerequisite for how practical and mentally prepared they were for unexpected situations. Motive: Based on previous evidence, it is remarkable to investigate how the nurse anesthetist experiences handling obstructed airways outside the operating ward. Aim: to investigate the nurse anesthetists’ experiences regarding decision making in airway management during assignments outside the operating ward. Methods: Qualitative design was used for the study; data collection was done with semi-structured interviews. Eight nurse anesthetists ‘were included in the study, of which one internally exulted. Results:  Show that the nurse anesthetists’ base their decisions on observations and assessments on several parameters when handling obstructed airways on tasks outside the operating ward. The nurse anesthetist may experience some challenges including difficulties and negative emotions, but also challenges in establishing control in different situations. As a newly trained nurse anesthetist, they felt that they needed support in their decision-making and that they experienced some difficulties in the form of anxiety and being unprepared. Conclusion: Being prepared for all kinds of expected and unexpected events is described as very important. Experience in the profession favors preparation and decision-making and provides increased security in these situations. To understand how the newly trained nurse anesthetist perceives these situations, it would be interesting to study the nurse anesthetists ‘experiences in the subject further to develop guidelines if possible and in that way support them in their work.

Les Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fils (RCSFs) ont pris beaucoup d'importance dans plusieurs domaines tels que l'industrie, l'armée, la pollution atmosphérique etc. Les capteurs sont alimentés par des batteries qui ne sont pas faciles à remplacer surtout dans les environnements peu accessibles. L'énergie de chaque capteur est considérée comme la source première d'augmentation de la durée de vie des RCSFs. Puisque la transmission de données est plus coûteuse en consommation d'énergie, notre préoccupation première est de proposer une technique efficace de transmission des données de tous les capteurs vers le sink tout en réduisant la consommation en énergie. Nous suggérons trois trois algorithmes d'agrégation de données basé sur la construction d'arbres : Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) et Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) qui permettront de réduire le nombre de transmissions de chaque capteur vers le sink. L'agrégation des données basée sur la construction d'arbres souffre du délai de délivrance de données parce que les parents doivent attendre de recevoir les données de leurs feuilles. Certains parents pourraient avoir beaucoup de feuilles, et il serait alors assez coûteux pour un parent de stocker toutes les données entrantes dans sa mémoire. Ainsi, nous devons déterminer le temps que chaque parent doit mettre pour agréger et traiter les données de ses feuilles. Nous proposons un algorithme, Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) qui utilise la métrique Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT). Etant donné la durée maximale acceptable, l'algorithme ETAPT prend en compte la position des parents, le nombre de feuilles et la profondeur de l'arbre pour calculer l'ADAPT optimal. A n'importe quel moment pendant l'agrégation des données par les parents, il peut arriver que la quantité de données collectées soit très grande et dépasse la quantité de stockage maximale de données que peut contenir leurs mémoires. Nous proposons l'introduction dans le réseau de plusieurs collecteurs de données appelés Mini-Sinks (MSs). Ces MSs sont mobiles et se déplacent selon un modèle de mobilité aléatoire dans le réseau pour maintenir la connexité afin d'assurer la collecte contrôlée des données basée sur le protocole de routage Mulipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Les capteurs peuvent être équipés de plusieurs interfaces radios partageant un seul canal sans fil avec lequel ils peuvent communiquer avec plusieurs voisins. La transmission des données à travers une liaison de communication entre deux parents peut interférer avec les transmissions d'autres liaisons si elles transmettent à travers le même canal. Nous avons besoin de savoir quel canal utiliser en présence de plusieurs canaux pour une transmission donnée. Nous proposons une méthode distribuée appelée: Well Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignement (WCDS-CA), pour calculer le nombre de canaux qui seront alloués à tous les capteurs de telle sorte que les capteurs adjacents se voient attribués des canaux différents / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels.

Le travail que nous présentons dans cette thèse porte sur le problème d'affectation dans une place de marché de prospects Internet. Plus précisément, ce travail a pour ambition de répondre à la problématique de l'adéquation de l'offre et de la demande, dans un contexte caractérisé par des flux continus faisant évoluer en temps réel l'ensemble des offres disponibles et les demandes à satisfaire. Pour ce faire, nous proposons dans un premier temps un modèle mono-période qui optimise le problème d'affectation à un instant donné et en considérant une seule période de temps, tout en permettant la prise en compte instantanée des nouvelles offres et demandes et leur adéquation en temps réel. Ce modèle permet d'optimiser deux objectifs à savoir: la maximisation du chiffre d'affaires et la satisfaction des clients.Par la suite nous proposons d'étendre ce modèle sur plusieurs périodes de temps futures afin de prendre en compte l'aspect temps réel de l'activité de la place de marché et donc le fait que des flux continus font évoluer en temps réel l'ensemble des offres et des demandes. L'objectif étant de tirer profit de la connaissance concernant cette évolution, par le biais de l'intégration d'un modèle de prévision dans un modèle d'optimisation multi-période.Ainsi, nous proposons un modèle d'optimisation multi-période permettant d'envisager à un instant donné des affectations sur plusieurs périodes de temps futures afin de réaliser les meilleures affectations possibles. Aussi, nous proposons un modèle de prévision des nouveaux flux tout en considérant les caractéristiques du modèle d'optimisation multi-période.Construire un modèle de prévision nécessite de définir les données à prévoir avant d'envisager toute méthode de prévision. En d'autres termes, nous devons choisir les paramètres du modèle de prévision, à savoir: les données historiques appropriées, le pas de temps de la prévision ainsi que l'horizon de la prévision. Le défi consiste donc à définir les paramètres du modèle de prévision qui conviendront au fonctionnement du modèle de l'optimisation multi-période.Par ailleurs, une des caractéristiques de la place de marché est la temporalité de son système. Ainsi, nous proposons un algorithme assurant l'aspect temps réel et donc le fait que les affectations s'effectuent toutes les minutes. L'algorithme que nous proposons fonctionne de manière continue à longueur de journée en optimisant à chaque instant l'adéquation offre/demande de prospects Internet tout en considérant instantanément les flux continus de prospects Internet ainsi que la mise à jour régulière de la demande Enfin, pour mettre en évidence l'efficacité et les bénéfices que la place de marché peut en tirer par l'utilisation des modèles et de l'algorithme proposés, nous avons mené des tests et différentes expérimentations sur des données réelles. Ces tests nous ont permis de valider nos travaux et d'évaluer la qualité des résultats obtenus.L'objectif de ce travail est double, d'une part, donner un cadre solide et formel pour répondre à la problématique de la place de marché de prospects Internet. D'autre part, le cadre proposé devrait être aussi générique que possible afin de résoudre tout autre problème analogue à celui de la place de marché de prospects Internet. / The work that we present in this thesis focuses on the assignment problem in a marketplace of Internet prospects. More precisely, this work aims to address the problem of matching offers and demands in a context characterized by a continuous flows. These latter evolve inreal time the set of available offers and demands to satisfy. To do this, we propose initially a mono-period model which optimizes the assignment problem at a given instant and taking into account asingle period of time while allowing the instantaneous consideration of new offers and demands and their adequacy in real time. This model considers two objectives to optimize, namely: maximization of turnover as well as clients satisfaction.Thereafter, we propose to extend this model over several future time periods in order to take into account the real time aspect of the marketplace activity and so the fact that a continuous flows evolve in real time the set of offers en demands. The objective is to take advantage of knowledge about this evolution, through the integration of a forecasting model in a multi-period optimization model. Thus,we propose a multi-period optimization model for considering at agiven instant assignments over several future time periods. Also, we propose a forecasting model for new flows while considering the characteristics of the multi-period optimization model.Building a forecasting model requires defining the data before considering any forecasting method. In other words, we have to choose the parameters of the forecasting model, namely the appropriate historical data, the forecasting time step and the forecasting horizon. The challenge is to define the parameters of the forecasting model which agree with the functioning the multi-period optimization model.Furthermore, a feature of the marketplace is the temporality of its system. Thus, we propose an algorithm ensuring real-time aspect and so the fact that assignments are made every minute. The proposed algorithm works continuously all day long while optimizing every instant the offer/demand adequacy of Internet prospects and instantly considering the continuous flux of Internet prospects as well as the regular updating demand. Finally, in order to show the efficiency and the benefits that the marketplace can reap by the use of the proposed models, we conducted tests and various experiments on real data. These tests have allowed us to validate the proposed models and evaluate the quality of the results.The aim is twofold, giving a strong and formal framework to address the issue of the marketplace of Internet prospects but also proposing a generic framework to solve any problem similar to that of the marketplace of Internet prospects.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21361号 / 工博第4520号 / 新制||工||1704(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 山田 忠史, 教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKER,Jan-Dirk / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Optical networks employing wavelength division multiplexing technology have been well recognized as the core networks for the next generation Internet. In such networks, any fiber cut or node failure may lead to huge data loss. Thus, reliability is of great importance in the design of modern high-speed networks. At the same time, traffic grooming is another important design objective since it addresses multi-granularity traffic. The traditional routing approaches with differentiated services do not consider the traffic grooming case or reconfiguration method. Therefore, they are not resource-efficient for the next generation Internet. In this dissertation, an effective reconfigurable traffic grooming with differentiated reliability scheme is proposed to efficiently use network resources. Compared with the conventional rerouting method, the proposed scheme makes the network more robust and immune from service interruptions. An integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is presented first. By solving the ILP formulation, an optimal solution is obtained for each incoming connection request. However, the solution is so time consuming, a heuristic algorithm is introduced to get an approximate optimal solution. The performance evaluation indicates that the connection blocking probability can be decreased greatly by the proposed scheme.