[pt] Este trabalho investiga o comportamento de métodos de alocação de canais para Sistemas Móveis Celulares quando associados ao uso de canais de guarda para priorizar chamadas que estejam em handoff. O objetivo desta associação é uma maior qualidade da ligação comparada à obtida quando não se faz uso dessa técnica. Resultados de simulações mostram que este objetivo pode ser atingido. / [en] This work investigates the behavior of channel allocation schemes for Mobile Cellular Systems, when associated with channel guards giving priority to calls that are in handoff procedure. The objective of this association is a better call quality compared to the one in which this technique is not used. Simulation results show that indeed this can be achieved.

The aim of the study was to compare the wording of assignments in two textbooks in Swedish with the focus on their level of linguistic difficulty. The textbooks are intended for grade 3 and grade 4 respectively. The comparison considers factors that affect the difficulty of a text, and the study is based on the following analytical categories: parts of speech, word length, compound words, sentence length, noun quota, and readability index. The results of the study indicate that the assignment descriptions in grade 4 are at a textually higher level of difficulty in five of six analytical categories, since the assignment descriptions in grade 3 can be perceived as more colloquial, with a lower readability index and a lower density of information than the textbook for grade 4. However, the analysis of compound words shows that the assignment descriptions for grade 3 contain a larger proportion of compounds; unlike the other factors, this does not suggest a textual progression from grade 3 to grade 4. Despite this discrepant result, one can observe a linguistic progression between the assignment descriptions in the textbooks based on the other categories, and from the factors that have been studied it may be assumed that the assignment descriptions in the textbook for grade 4 are at a higher level of linguistic difficulty. / Studiens syfte är att jämföra uppgiftsformuleringar i två läroböcker i svenska med fokus på deras språkliga svårighetsnivå. Läroböckerna är avsedda för årskurs 3 respektive årskurs 4. Jämförelsen sker utifrån faktorer som påverkar en texts svårighetsgrad och de analyskategorier som studien baseras på är ordklasser, ordlängd, sammansatta ord, meningslängd, nominalkvot och läsbarhetsindex. Studiens resultat tyder på att uppgiftsformuleringarna i årskurs 4 har en textuellt högre svårighetsnivå i fem av sex analyskategorier eftersom uppgiftsformuleringarna i årskurs 3 kan upplevas mer talspråkliga, har ett lägre läsbarhetsindex samt har en lägre informationstäthet jämfört med läroboken för årskurs 4. Dock visar analysen av sammansatta ord att uppgiftsformuleringarna för årskurs 3 innehåller en större andel sammansatta ord, vilket till skillnad från de övriga faktorerna inte talar för en textuell progression från årskurs 3 till årskurs 4. Trots det avvikande resultatet kan en språklig progression mellan uppgiftsformuleringarna i läroböckerna konstateras utifrån de övriga kategorierna och det kan, utifrån de faktorer som undersökts, antas att uppgiftsformuleringarna i läroboken för årskurs 4 har en högre språklig svårighetsnivå.

The aim of this study has been to examine if there is alignment between the national exam for writing in Swedish – ages 9 to10 – and main study materials for writing in Swedish intended for the school years leading up to the test. This study also aims to compare two different learning materials writing assignments with one another to find possible similarities and differences. The study focuses on writing assignments in one traditional (printed) textbook series and one digital study material. The material is analyzed according to Ivaničs theory about discourses of writing and learning to write. The results are compared to answer the following questions: In what way is there, or is there not, alignment – based on Ivanič’s theory of writing discourses– between the writing assignments in the national exam for ages 9 to 10, and the writing assignments found in printed and digital study materials? What are the similarities and the differences between the writing assignments in the printed and digital study materials based on Ivanič’s theory of writing discourses? The results show that there is some alignment between the writing assignments in the national exam and the study materials, however not a high one. The printed study material has a higher alignment than the digital one. The results also show that there are similarities between the writing assignments in the printed and the digital study materials. They both focus a lot on a skills and genre discourse. However, there are a lot of differences. The printed study material contains a process discourse while the digital study material does not. The printed material also contains more hybrids containing a combination of writing discourses.

Verksamheter idag bör identifiera ansvarsroller som innehar klart definierade ansvarsområden igenom hela utvecklingsprocessen, för att kunna hantera den ständigt föränderliga miljön IT-utvecklingen framkallar. I den här studien behandlas teoretiskt hur olika författare ser på ansvarsroller och ansvarsfördelning vid IT-investeringar. Därför har syftet med den här uppsatsen varit att identifiera, beskriva och jämföra olika teoretiska aspekter för ansvarsfördelning vid ITinvesteringar. Studien har fokuserat på applikationsinvesteringar men även infrastrukturinvesteringar berörs då författare specifikt tar upp detta i sin syn på ITinvesteringar. Studien är gjord med en kvalitativ metod och en explorativ, komparativ och konceptuellt analytisk ansats. För att ge läsaren en inledande bild av studieområdet har förhållandet mellan IS-arkitekturer, arkitekturfilosofier och ansvarsförhållanden beskrivits. Vi visar också hur ansvarsroller och ansvarsområden har förändrats över åren. I litteraturstudien har ansvarsroller och deras ansvarsområden enligt olika författares åsikter föreställts. Därefter följer en analys där identifierade roller från litteraturstudien har utmynnat i tre huvudroller; företagsledningen, IT-avdelningen och operativ ledning. Utifrån detta har sedan fyra synsätt utformats, där dessa huvudroller och deras ansvarsområden presenteras. Synsätten har skapats utifrån skillnader i författarnas åsikter angående ansvarsroller och ansvarsområden vid IT-investeringar. I vår slutsats har de största skillnaderna i synsätten identifierats. Dessa skillnader fokuserar på vem som är ansvarig för vad och vilka samarbeten som förekommer. Vi har även i denna litteraturstudie noterat att få av de medverkande författarna hanterar skillnader ansvarsroller och ansvarsområden vid olika typer av IT-investeringar. Detta har bland annat resulterat i att vi identifierat behovet av vidare studier av olika typer av IT-investeringar där synen på ansvar jämförs. En empirisk studie kan vara ett intressant komplement till denna studie, där denna studiens identifierade synsätt kan värderas och diskuteras. / The constantly changing environment, caused by the quick IT-development, affects today’s organizations and increases the importance of identifying roles of responsibility and clear areas of responsibilities for each role through the whole development process. This research paper has theoretically discussed how different authors look upon identification of roles of responsibilities and the assignment of responsibilities. The purpose of this report has therefore been to identify, describe and compare different theoretical aspects for assignment of responsibilities for IT-investments. This report focused on application investments but also infrastructural investments is mentioned since it is included in the researched theories. The report is written by a qualitative method with an explorative, a comparative, and conceptual analytical approach from a general point of view. In order to introduce the study area and increase the readers’ understanding a description of the relationship between IS-architectures, architecture philosophies and assignment responsibilities has been made. The report also gives a short presentation of the history roles of responsibility and their areas of responsibility. In section 4 in this report, the study of literature, the different authors’ theories of roles responsibility and areas of responsibilities are presented. In the following analysis three main roles and their areas of responsibilities are identified. Based upon the study literature, four approaches have been formulated where these main roles and their areas responsibilities are represented. The approaches have been created based upon differences in the authors’ opinions regarding assignment of responsibilities for IT-investments. In the conclusion the main differences of the approaches are presented. These differences focus on the roles and their responsibilities and the collaboration between different roles. In this research paper we noticed that not many of the authors separate the responsibility differences for different IT-investments in the study. One way to conduct further studies in this research area is to study the assignment of responsibilities for different IT-investments. An empirical study of how roles and responsibilities is managed by businesses today would also be a good way to conduct further studies. An empirical study would help estimate and discuss our identified approaches.

Abstract. Since the introduction of interpolants to the field of symbolic model checking, interpolation-based methods have been successfully used in both hardware and software model checking. Recently, variable assignments have been introduced to the computation of interpolants. In the context of abstract reachability graphs, variable assignment can be used not only to prevent out-of-scope variables from appearing in interpolants, but also to reduce the size of the interpolant significantly. We further extend the framework for computing interpolants under variable assignment, prove the correctness of the system and show that it has potential to further decrease the size of the computed interpolants. At the end we analyze under which conditions the computed interpolants will still have the path interpolation property, a desired property in many interpolation-based techniques. 1

Advanced modeling tools and methods are essential components for the analyses of congested conditions and advanced Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) strategies such as Managed Lanes (ML). A number of tools with different analysis resolution levels have been used to assess these strategies. These tools can be classified as sketch planning, macroscopic simulation, mesoscopic simulation, microscopic simulation, static traffic assignment, and dynamic traffic assignment tools. Due to the complexity of the managed lane modeling process, this dissertation investigated a Multi-Resolution Modeling (MRM) approach that combines a number of these tools for more efficient and accurate assessment of ML deployments. This study clearly demonstrated the differences in the accuracy of the results produced by the traffic flow models incorporated into different tools when compared with real-world measurements. This difference in the accuracy highlighted the importance of the selection of the appropriate analysis levels and tools that can better estimate ML and General Purpose Lanes (GPL) performance. The results also showed the importance of calibrating traffic flow model parameters, demand matrices, and assignment parameters based on real-world measurements to ensure accurate forecasts of real-world traffic conditions. In addition, the results indicated that the real-world utilization of ML by travelers can be best predicated with the use of dynamic traffic assignment modeling that incorporates travel time, toll, and travel time reliability of alternative paths in the assignment objective function. The replication of the specific dynamic pricing algorithm used in the real-world in the modeling process was also found to provide the better forecast of ML utilization. With regards to Connected Vehicle (CV) operations on ML, this study demonstrated the benefits of using results from tools with different modeling resolution to support each other’s analyses. In general, the results showed that providing toll incentives for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)-equipped vehicles to use ML is not beneficial at lower market penetrations of CACC due to the small increase in capacity with these market penetrations. However, such incentives were found to be beneficial at higher market penetrations, particularly with higher demand levels.

No description available.

Thesis is based on original self-made application programmed at VBA in MS Excel 2007. The reason to build this application was integration of simulation Monte Carlo and chosen optimization methods. The application allows do simulation of the knapsack problem and of the assignment problem with uncertainty. The parameters of these models are possible to set up as changing values in dependence of chosen probability distribution. Output of the simulation is a probability recommendation which objects should be used. Choose of objects depend on optimized models. Results of both models are represented by statistical indexes, tables of parameters and graph.

I model foreign trade among European countries by applying gravity equation model on panel data. The aim is to investigate exchange rate volatility impact on foreign trade and to test for the presence of the so-called Rose effect in relation to the Euro currency area. I develop a novel complex approach to the estimation of the gravity equation when the assumption of homogeneous reaction within the group of studied countries is relaxed. New methodology, tests and implementation is proposed. I develop several heuristic methods that permit effective clustering of countries in a selection of subgroups. The clustering process is iterative: in each step, countries are redistributed in new subgroups and the process is terminated, when no subsequent superior redistribution is possible. Finally, the effective selection of subgroups of countries is chosen to minimize an appropriately defined objective function. Results of the proposed heuristic tests suggest that no dominant method exists. Therefore, an algorithm of chaining of alternative heuristic methods is proposed. After the solution is achieved with one method, an alternative method is imposed and the search for the optimal solution continues, until the objective function reaches its minimum. The proposed methodology is applied to estimate the gravity equation of foreign trade with the extension that permits to assign countries into optimally selected subgroups using the newly introduced algorithms.

The subject of the thesis is the optimization of one the key processes in a book company, namely warehouse logistics. This problem consist of two parts; first part focuses on route optimization of completion of customers' orders on daily basis, second part focuses on assigning of storage subsystems and their interconnection. The proposed solution uses a traveller salesman problem implemented into intranet application. Second problem was designed as quadratic assignment problem with use of ex post data analysis. On the basis of achieved results, we presented effective procedures for solving both of aforementioned problems and suggested their implementation into the company's enterprise resource planning system. Keywords: