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The spatial distribution of HIV and AIDS in Gauteng, South AfricaEzike-Dennis, Uchechukwu Nneka 31 December 2007 (has links)
Since the earliest reported cases of HIV/AIDS probably in 1959 in Africa, there has been a
consistent progression in the new HIV/AIDS infection cases. In South Africa, Gauteng, records one
of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the country.
The Department of Health (DOH) South Africa conducts ongoing studies on HIV/AIDS at provincial
levels; these studies monitor the prevalence of HIV/AIDS amongst pregnant women attending
antenatal clinics, as a tool for determining and monitoring the prevalence, trends, patterns and
spread of the disease in the general population.
This study analyses sentinel and spatial data collected from the (DOH) and Statistics South Africa
(StatsSA) respectively, and depicts them in the form of spatial maps, and then critically analyses
the spatial patterns that occur.
The research findings would hopefully contribute to the overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS and provide
framework and relevant literature for further investigation. / Geography / M.Sc. (Geography)
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Occupational blood and body fluid exposure incidents amongst undergraduate medical students over a period of 5 yearsEssop, Ziyaad Hoosain 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MMed (Occupational Medicine))--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Introduction
Exposure incidents involving blood and body fluids represent a major hazard for medical
undergraduates. Every medical teaching university experiences the problem of
undergraduate medical students sustaining such incidents. Although Post Exposure
Prophylaxis (PEP) is readily available and accessible to medical undergraduates
following an incident, continuity and quality of care extends beyond the provision of PEP.
This includes follow up consultations after receiving PEP according to protocol.
Study Design
This study was performed at the Tygerberg Campus of Stellenbosch University in Cape
Town, South Africa to assess compliance with follow up consultations following an
exposure incident. The study base consisted of all the medical undergraduates who
reported an exposure incident at the Campus Health clinic. Cases were defined as
medical undergraduate students of Stellenbosch University who had reported an
exposure incident between January 2007 and December 2011. They were identified
using the clinic database and records.
Influential factors associated with the exposure incident, including compliance regarding
follow up consultations were obtained from standardised reporting forms and medical
records. The data was analysed in 2 sections, a cross sectional component (descriptive
and analytical) and a retrospective cohort component. Two student cohorts were
retrospectively followed from the beginning of their 3rd year to the end of their medical
curriculum (6th year).
Results
There were 280 exposure incidents reported in the study period, of which 174 were low
risk and were 106 high risk incidents for which PEP was prescribed (37.86% used PEP).
For those who had high risk exposures, 90.57% (n=96) attended the 6-week follow up
consultation, 48.11% (n=51) attended the 3 month visit and 34.91% (n=37) attended the 6
month follow up visit. There was an increase in the number of exposure incidents from
2010 (n=43) to 2011 (n=76). Internal medicine accounted for the most number of incidents (n=68), followed by Surgery
(n=51), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (n=44), and Paediatrics (n=42). Drawing blood was
the most common reported activity associated with exposures. Of notable importance
was recapping, disposing of needles and insertion of blood into sample tubes. These
activities accounted for 63 of the 280 exposure incidents. The 4th year students were the
least at risk for exposure incidents compared to 3rd, 5th, 6th years. The annual average
cumulative risk of having an exposure incident was found to be 5.7% (95%CI=4%-8%)
and 6.8% (95%CI=5%-9%) amongst the 2 student cohorts over the duration of 4 years
(clinical exposure time).
Recommendations
There is an urgent need for the number of exposure incidents to be reduced, e.g. needle
recapping and disposal, and insertion of blood in sample tubes cause numerous
preventable incidents. Various other strategies can be implemented in order to reduce
the number of incidents across all undergraduate years of study. It is envisaged that by
reducing the number of exposure incidents, there will be a subsequent decrease in the
number of individuals requiring PEP. The importance of ensuring compliance with regard
to follow up consultations needs to be emphasized. Factors that lead to noncompliance
need to be investigated in a separate study.
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The effect of a provincial communcation strategy to address HIV, AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) in the Limpopo ProvinceRapakwana, Ngwako Johannah 02 1900 (has links)
The lack of a contextualised, relevant communication strategy focusing specifically on
HAST diseases in the Limpopo Province was the impetus for this research. The
purpose of this study was, therefore, to explore the knowledge, perceptions and
utilisation of health facilities for HAST in order to develop an acceptable and effective
communication strategy for the Province to address the high rate of HAST diseases.
The study followed a qualitative approach guided by the major tenets of the Health
Belief Model, namely, to determine modifying factors, individual beliefs and cues for
action. An in-depth literature review was followed by focus group interviews with the
community members and personal interviews with District and Provincial Deputy
Directors. Based on these findings, a communication strategy was drafted and piloted
for three months in one of the districts in Limpopo. Further refinement of the
communication strategy followed after member-checking and further interviews with
directors HAST.
The final strategy specifically focused on risk groups with each of the diseases in terms
of their beliefs and perceptions. It further resulted in guidelines for health providers in terms of the content and implementation of effective communication strategies within
the context of educational, cultural, social and economic factors relevant to Limpopo / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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A hidden cohort: HIV and AIDS amongst the farming communityNetangaheni, Thinavhuyo Robert 10 1900 (has links)
Purpose
This research project was an attempt to determine situational aspects of HIV and AIDS among the designated farming communities in the Vhembe and Mopani districts of Limpopo Province. Questions arising from the pilot project were premised on the capacity of farmers in these areas to adequately address the daunting reality and prevalence of HIV and AIDS in their communities.
Research Design and Methodology
The research was designed to facilitate the integration of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample of 228 respondents was involved in a triangulated participatory action research method. To the extent that the data collection techniques were triangulated in both nature and focus, HIV/AIDS-related data and information within the designated farming communities was attained with a maximum degree of validity. The data collection techniques used in this regard were: questionnaires, which were distributed to 228 respondents; participant observation; exploratory investigation; unstructured interviews; naturalistic observation; focus group interviews and discussion; and review of documents. The reviewed documents include (primary) sources on HIV/AIDS by the Department of Health and (secondary) sources of literature by various authors presenting a range of perspectives on HIV/AIDS in farming areas.
Findings
The results of the study revealed the absence of a coordinated policy on HIV/AIDS in particular, and health in general; and a vacuous prevalence of basic HIV/AIDS-related information. For instance, knowledge on condom usage as a prevention strategy was ostensibly scant. Currently, primary healthcare services in the area are not available. The sampled farm workers themselves unanimously corroborated that there was no HIV/AIDS policy on the SAFM farms.
Conclusion
Based on the main findings established above, it has become indispensable that comprehensive and multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS policy interventions be initiated by all the relevant stakeholders. Local and provincial healthcare authorities need to provide policy guidelines for the development of such policy, taking the particular needs and circumstances of farm workers. The pervasive degree of insufficient HIV/AIDS knowledge among this group necessitates that such a policy should integrate both a labour perspective and healthcare orientation, rather than perpetuating a separation of the two paradigms. This form of integration ensures that the observance of a human rights dimension becomes a sacrosanct component of the prevention of HIV/AIDS among farm workers, as well as their education concerning their healthcare-related rights as farm employees. Furthermore, the prevalence of a national HIV and AIDS policy is mainly aimed at facilitating broad guidelines, not addressing the specific contexts of every public, corporate and rural employment sector (DoH, 2007: 11-12; Muhlemann, et al., 1992: 479). In order that the education, prevention and treatment initiatives in the Vhembe and Mopani farming communities are achieved, the most important parameters of the policy should indicate:
,,X The systematic institutionalisation of local, provincial, and national HIV and AIDS programmes, notwithstanding the provision of healthcare facilities such as clinics;
,,X The promotion of basic healthcare education in general, and HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention among farm workers in particular;
,,X The development of HIV/AIDS work place policy by SAFM as employer;
,,X The systematic involvement and formation of partnerships between policy makers, local and international funders, HIV/AIDS healthcare workers and practitioners, NGOs and SAFM.
As a critical factor and unit of analysis in the study, SAFM is expected to fulfil a developmental function among its employees, their families, and the local communities. This function could be enhanced further with the collaboration between SAFM and other farmers in the distribution of basic information regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases at the workplace, as well as extensive healthcare education and training for their farming personnel. Trained personnel, especially managers, are a salient factor in the implementation of organisational health and safety requirements (DoH, 2007: 6, 8; Muhlemann, et al., 1992: 478-479). / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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A hidden cohort: HIV and AIDS amongst the farming communityNetangaheni, Thinavhuyo Robert 10 1900 (has links)
Purpose
This research project was an attempt to determine situational aspects of HIV and AIDS among the designated farming communities in the Vhembe and Mopani districts of Limpopo Province. Questions arising from the pilot project were premised on the capacity of farmers in these areas to adequately address the daunting reality and prevalence of HIV and AIDS in their communities.
Research Design and Methodology
The research was designed to facilitate the integration of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample of 228 respondents was involved in a triangulated participatory action research method. To the extent that the data collection techniques were triangulated in both nature and focus, HIV/AIDS-related data and information within the designated farming communities was attained with a maximum degree of validity. The data collection techniques used in this regard were: questionnaires, which were distributed to 228 respondents; participant observation; exploratory investigation; unstructured interviews; naturalistic observation; focus group interviews and discussion; and review of documents. The reviewed documents include (primary) sources on HIV/AIDS by the Department of Health and (secondary) sources of literature by various authors presenting a range of perspectives on HIV/AIDS in farming areas.
Findings
The results of the study revealed the absence of a coordinated policy on HIV/AIDS in particular, and health in general; and a vacuous prevalence of basic HIV/AIDS-related information. For instance, knowledge on condom usage as a prevention strategy was ostensibly scant. Currently, primary healthcare services in the area are not available. The sampled farm workers themselves unanimously corroborated that there was no HIV/AIDS policy on the SAFM farms.
Conclusion
Based on the main findings established above, it has become indispensable that comprehensive and multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS policy interventions be initiated by all the relevant stakeholders. Local and provincial healthcare authorities need to provide policy guidelines for the development of such policy, taking the particular needs and circumstances of farm workers. The pervasive degree of insufficient HIV/AIDS knowledge among this group necessitates that such a policy should integrate both a labour perspective and healthcare orientation, rather than perpetuating a separation of the two paradigms. This form of integration ensures that the observance of a human rights dimension becomes a sacrosanct component of the prevention of HIV/AIDS among farm workers, as well as their education concerning their healthcare-related rights as farm employees. Furthermore, the prevalence of a national HIV and AIDS policy is mainly aimed at facilitating broad guidelines, not addressing the specific contexts of every public, corporate and rural employment sector (DoH, 2007: 11-12; Muhlemann, et al., 1992: 479). In order that the education, prevention and treatment initiatives in the Vhembe and Mopani farming communities are achieved, the most important parameters of the policy should indicate:
,,X The systematic institutionalisation of local, provincial, and national HIV and AIDS programmes, notwithstanding the provision of healthcare facilities such as clinics;
,,X The promotion of basic healthcare education in general, and HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention among farm workers in particular;
,,X The development of HIV/AIDS work place policy by SAFM as employer;
,,X The systematic involvement and formation of partnerships between policy makers, local and international funders, HIV/AIDS healthcare workers and practitioners, NGOs and SAFM.
As a critical factor and unit of analysis in the study, SAFM is expected to fulfil a developmental function among its employees, their families, and the local communities. This function could be enhanced further with the collaboration between SAFM and other farmers in the distribution of basic information regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases at the workplace, as well as extensive healthcare education and training for their farming personnel. Trained personnel, especially managers, are a salient factor in the implementation of organisational health and safety requirements (DoH, 2007: 6, 8; Muhlemann, et al., 1992: 478-479). / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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