Bien que l'œuvre de Nathalie Sarraute ne traite pas directement du double en tant que motif littéraire, il n'en demeure pas moins que la poétique du double constitue la base d'une large part de ses récits et se manifeste précisément par le biais de la figure de l'équivoque, grâce à une rhétorique qui met en jeu l'inlassable dynamique entre le visible et l'invisible, le dicible et l'indicible, la surface et le contenu, le trompe l'œil et le sous-entendu. Pour révéler la vaste gamme de phénomènes qui s'intègrent à la définition du double chez Sarraute, nous allons nous inspirer, comme elle, de ses lectures de Dostoïevski, écrivain qui entame avec Le Double une métamorphose de la figure héritée de la littérature fantastique. Cette étude porte donc sur la relation qui se tisse entre les textes de Sarraute et Dostoïevski du point de vue de l'évolution de la figure du double. Par la mise en scène d'un sujet en crise qui intériorise l'altérité tout en la reniant sans relâche, Dostoïevski, plus encore que d'autres, semble avoir fourni à Nathalie Sarraute une riche matière de réflexion sur l'identité du personnage, de l'auteur et de l'œuvre littéraire en général. Dès lors que l'altérité perturbe l'unité de toute représentation, le lecteur est conduit à osciller constamment soit entre deux niveaux différents de la réalité, celui des apparences et des ressentis, soit entre les multiples interprétations de ces derniers. L'écriture des tropismes, ces mouvements intérieurs sous-jacents, apparaît de la sorte comme l'écriture de ce qui n'est pas seulement double, mais multiplication de doubles et division infinie. / Even if Nathalie Sarraute's work does not provide an explicit interpretation of the double as a literary device for articulating the experience of self-division, it is obvious that the poetics of the double is present in a wide part of her novels by the means of a rhetoric which brings into play the dynamics of the relationship between what can be visible and invisible, be said and not, the surface and the contents, the illusion and the allusion. In order to study the broad range of phenomena that can be associated to Sarraute's definition of the double, we have been inspired, as herself, by the readings of Dostoevsky, who starts, with The Double, a process of metamorphosis of doppelganger inherited from the fantastic literature. So, the main purpose of our research is to analyze the various relationships that exist between the texts of Sarraute and Dostoevsky from the point of view of the evolution of the double. By drawing a subject in crisis divided between his ambiguous necessity of interiorizing the otherness and denying it, Dostoevsky seems to lead Nathalie Sarraute to question the nature and identity of the characters, of the author and even of the literary work. Since the otherness disturbs the unity of any representation, the reader is lead to waver all the time either between the two different levels of the reality, that of the illusory appearances and that of the tropisms, or between the multiple interpretations of these last ones. Sarraute's writing becomes then writing not only of the double, but also of the multiplication of doubles and of the infinite division.

We study three types of theories, using supersymmetry and ideas from string theory as tools to gain understanding of systems of more general interest. Firstly, we introduce non-relativistic Chern-Simons-matter field theories in three dimensions and study their anyonic spectrum in a conformal phase. These theories have supersymmetric completions, which in the non-relativistic case suffices to protect certain would-be BPS quantities from corrections. This allows us to compute one-loop exact anomalous dimensions of various bound states of non-Abelian anyons, analyse some interesting unitarity bound violations, and test some recently proposed bosonization dualities. Secondly, we turn on a chemical potential and break conformal invariance, putting the theory into the regime of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE). This is illustrated in detail: the theory supports would-be BPS vortices which model the electrons of the FQHE, and they form bag-like states with the appropriate filling fractions, Hall conductivities, and anyonic excitations. This formalism makes possible some novel explicit computations: an analytic calculation of the anyonic phases experienced by Abelian quasiholes; analytic relationships to the boundary Wess-Zumino-Witten model; and derivations of a wide class of QHE wavefunctions from a bulk field theory. We also further test the three-dimensional bosonization dualities in this new setting. Along the way, we accumulate new descriptions of the QHE. Finally, we turn away from flat space and investigate a problem in (3+1)-dimensional quantum gravity. We find that even as an effective theory, the theory has enough structure to suggest the inclusion of certain gravitational instantons in the path integral. An explicit computation in a minimally supersymmetric case illustrates the principles at work, and highlights the role of a hitherto unidentified scale in quantum gravity. It also is an interesting result in itself: a non-perturbative quantum instability of a flat supersymmetric Kaluza-Klein compactification.

Essa dissertação tem como propósito compreender a interpretação de Ignácio Rangel sobre o Brasil, destacando sua análise acerca da transferência de recursos ociosos (presentes no âmbito dos bens de produção, o chamado Departamento I) para as áreas estranguladas da economia (os serviços de utilidade pública), que ocorreria através da concessão de serviços públicos à iniciativa privada. Essa transferência provocaria uma expansão dos serviços de utilidade pública e a consequente expansão da demanda global, e criaria um vigoroso capitalismo financeiro nacional. Essa seria a alternativa rangeliana para a saída da crise dos anos 1980, o período do \"antimilagre\" econômico. Para compreendermos a proposta das concessões, se faz necessário apresentarmos algumas de suas teses: dualidade básica, o eixo estruturador do seu pensamento; dialética da capacidade ociosa; e o papel do Estado e do setor privado. A abordagem do pensamento rangeliano, além do mergulho em sua própria obra, será apoiada na análise da trajetória política e profissional do autor, das relações com seus interlocutores e, também, do diálogo que estabelece, nem sempre explícito, com Caio Prado Jr., Celso Furtado e Florestan Fernandes, intérpretes brasileiros contemporâneos a Rangel, que refletiram sobre a natureza e as especificidades do desenvolvimento brasileiro. Essa análise tem por intuito, afinal, situar as contribuições de Rangel como interpretações relevantes da realidade brasileira. / This dissertation aims to understand Ignácio Rangel\'s interpretation of Brazil, highlighting his analysis of the transfer of idle resources (present among production goods, the so-called Department I) to strangled areas of the economy (such as public services), which would occur through the concession of public services to private initiative. This transfer would promote an expansion of public services and a consequent expansion of global demand, and would also create a vigorous national financial capitalism. This would be the Rangelian alternative to face the crisis of the 1980s, the period of Brazil\'s economic \"antimiracle\". In order to understand the concessions proposal, it is necessary to present some of Rangel\'s thesis: the basic duality, the structural axis of his thought; the dialectics of idle capacity dialectics; and the role of the State and the private sector. This approach of the Rangelian thought, besides delving into his writings, is also going to be supported by an analysis of his own political and professional trajectory and by the not always explicit dialogues he establishes with other Brazilian authors such as Caio Prado Jr., Celso Furtado and Florestan Fernandes, who also reflected upon the nature and the specific features of Brazilian development. Finally, this analysis intends to situate Rangel\'s contributions as relevant interpretations of the Brazilian reality

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho abordamos a teoria de Ginzburg-Landau da supercondutividade (teoria GL). Apresentamos suas origens, características e resultados mais importantes. A idéia fundamental desta teoria e descrever a transição de fase que sofrem alguns metais de uma fase normal para uma fase supercondutora. Durante uma transição de fase em supercondutores do tipo II é característico o surgimento de linhas de fluxo magnético em determinadas regiões de tamanho finito chamadas comumente de vórtices. A dinâmica destas estruturas topológicas é de grande interesse na comunidade científica atual e impulsiona incontáveis núcleos de pesquisa na área da supercondutividade. Baseado nisto estudamos como essas estruturas topológicas influenciam em uma transição de fase em um modelo bidimensional conhecido como modelo XY. No modelo XY vemos que os principais responsáveis pela transição de fase são os vórtices (na verdade pares de vórtice-antivórtice). Villain, observando este fato, percebeu que poderia tornar explícita a contribuição desses defeitos topológicos na função de partição do modelo XY realizando uma transformação de dualidade. Este modelo serve como inspiração para a proposta deste trabalho. Apresentamos aqui um modelo baseado em considerações físicas sobre sistemas de matéria condensada e ao mesmo tempo utilizamos um formalismo desenvolvido recentemente na referência [29] que possibilita tornar explícita a contribuição dos defeitos topológicos na ação original proposta em nossa teoria. Após isso analisamos alguns limites clássicos e finalmente realizamos as flutuações quânticas visando obter a expressão completa da função correlação dos vórtices o que pode ser muito útil em teorias de vórtices interagentes (dinâmica de vórtices). / In this work we introduced the Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity (GL theory). We have shown your foundations, features and more important results. The fundamental idea of this theory is to describe the phase transition that some metals undergoes from a normal to a superconductor phase. During a phase transition in superconductors of type II is common the appearance of magnetic flux lines in given regions of finite size called of vortices. The knowledge of the dynamics of these vortices is of great importance in the current cientific community and drives many research centers to study the superconductivity. In view of this we study how these vortices changes a phase transition in a bidimensional model known as XY model.In XY model one can show that the main responsible for the phase transition are the vortices (or still, vortice-antivortice pairs). Villain, noting this fact, realized that could to turn explicit the contribution of theses topological defects in the partition function of XY model making a duality transformation. This model inspired us to study the subject of this master thesis. We presented here a model based in physical considerations about systems of condensed matter. At the same time we used a formalism developed in reference [29] that permits to turn explicit the contribution of these vortices in the original action proposed in our theory. Finally we analysed some classical limits and we looked for the quantum fluctuations to obtain the complete expression of the correlation function of vortices, whose utility is in the study of interacting vortices is wide (vortex dynamics).

Foi analisada, através de simulação Monte Carlo, a probabilidade de que um gap de rapidez seja observado na produção do boson de Higgs por fusão de bosons vetoriais com massa (W), no LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Foi analisada, também através do uso de Monte Carlo, a possibilidade de que a existência ou não de um gap de rapidez seja usada na distinção de um Higgs produzido por fusão de bosons vetoriais W de outro produzido por fusão de gluons. Os diferentes modelos para tratamento de processos não perturbativos dos códigos Monte Carlo DTUJET e PYTHIA foram comparados. / The gap survival probability for a higgs boson produced by W fusion at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) is analyzed through Monte Carlo simulation. The possibility of distinguishing between two higgs production mechanisms, W and gluon fusion is studied using Monte Carlo simulation. The two different models for non pertubative processes, used by DTUJET and PYTHIA are compared.

Essa dissertação tem como propósito compreender a interpretação de Ignácio Rangel sobre o Brasil, destacando sua análise acerca da transferência de recursos ociosos (presentes no âmbito dos bens de produção, o chamado Departamento I) para as áreas estranguladas da economia (os serviços de utilidade pública), que ocorreria através da concessão de serviços públicos à iniciativa privada. Essa transferência provocaria uma expansão dos serviços de utilidade pública e a consequente expansão da demanda global, e criaria um vigoroso capitalismo financeiro nacional. Essa seria a alternativa rangeliana para a saída da crise dos anos 1980, o período do \"antimilagre\" econômico. Para compreendermos a proposta das concessões, se faz necessário apresentarmos algumas de suas teses: dualidade básica, o eixo estruturador do seu pensamento; dialética da capacidade ociosa; e o papel do Estado e do setor privado. A abordagem do pensamento rangeliano, além do mergulho em sua própria obra, será apoiada na análise da trajetória política e profissional do autor, das relações com seus interlocutores e, também, do diálogo que estabelece, nem sempre explícito, com Caio Prado Jr., Celso Furtado e Florestan Fernandes, intérpretes brasileiros contemporâneos a Rangel, que refletiram sobre a natureza e as especificidades do desenvolvimento brasileiro. Essa análise tem por intuito, afinal, situar as contribuições de Rangel como interpretações relevantes da realidade brasileira. / This dissertation aims to understand Ignácio Rangel\'s interpretation of Brazil, highlighting his analysis of the transfer of idle resources (present among production goods, the so-called Department I) to strangled areas of the economy (such as public services), which would occur through the concession of public services to private initiative. This transfer would promote an expansion of public services and a consequent expansion of global demand, and would also create a vigorous national financial capitalism. This would be the Rangelian alternative to face the crisis of the 1980s, the period of Brazil\'s economic \"antimiracle\". In order to understand the concessions proposal, it is necessary to present some of Rangel\'s thesis: the basic duality, the structural axis of his thought; the dialectics of idle capacity dialectics; and the role of the State and the private sector. This approach of the Rangelian thought, besides delving into his writings, is also going to be supported by an analysis of his own political and professional trajectory and by the not always explicit dialogues he establishes with other Brazilian authors such as Caio Prado Jr., Celso Furtado and Florestan Fernandes, who also reflected upon the nature and the specific features of Brazilian development. Finally, this analysis intends to situate Rangel\'s contributions as relevant interpretations of the Brazilian reality

En milieu océanique grand-fond (profondeur >1000 m), la propagation d'ondes acoustiques UltraBasse Fréquences (UBF, 1-300 Hz) est caractérisée par une forte influence des propriétés géo-acoustiquede l'environnement marin. Classiquement, des méthodes de localisation du type matched field processing sont mises en place pour intégrer cet aspect lors de l'inversion. Cependant, ces méthodes sont connues pour être très sensibles à de petites erreurs de modélisation de l'environnement, qui sont en pratique inévitables. C'est pourquoi il convient mieux de se tourner vers d’autres méthodes d’inversion plus robustes à la méconnaissance de l'environnement. Dans ce manuscrit on choisit d'étudier une quantité, appelée invariant océanique. Elle est associée à la formation d’interférence et montre des propriétés intéressantes de robustesse à de petites variations des propriétés géo-acoustique du milieu. En adoptant une approche ondulatoire de la propagation, on s’intéresse particulièrement à deux phénomènes responsables de sa dépendance à la configuration source récepteur (la prédominance du champ acoustique par des groupes de modes et le comportement différencié des ondes montante et descendante constituant un mode). Cette approche permet une prédiction précise et une compréhension profonde du phénomène d'interférence en milieu grand-fond. En couplant cette théoriede l'invariant océanique avec le concept d'énergie piégée, une méthode de localisation est ensuite proposée. Elle prend la forme d'une discrimination en immersion utilisant comme entrée l'intensité acoustique d'un signal large bande reçu sur une antenne horizontale. / Within the deep-water ocean (depth >1000 m), low frequencies (1-300 Hz) acoustic waves are characterized by very long range propagation. In this context, the propagation is largely impacted by the oceanic environment. Thus, localization methods based on classical plane wave models do not perform well. Matched field processing has been proposed to include better environmental models, but it is known to perform poorly as soon as the environment is not perfectly known. Given that the ocean is a dynamic system, it changes quickly over time and space making this method inapplicable in an operational context. To circumvent this issue, a better way is to consider methods that do not require detailed knowledge about the environment.In this manuscript I consider a quantity called the Waveguide Invariant (WI) which is known to be robust to small environment variations. In particular, I investigate two phenomenons responsible for its dependence to the source-receiver configuration: the dominance of the acoustic field by groups of modes and the frequency dependence of the Eigenmodes. Using a ray-mode approach, these two features are integrated in a WI derivation which provides a thorough way to predict and understand the striation patterns in deep-water context. Then, using this underlying physics driving the propagation along with the concept of mode trapping, a depth localization method is proposed. The input data for the algorithm is a range-frequency intensity, as measured on a horizontal line array. This idea is explored and extended to propose a source depth discrimination which is performed as a binary classification problem.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Costa Ribeiro.pdf: 579733 bytes, checksum: 2989273fdabb956cf1092bb7d0becb99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-29 / The increasing number of eating disorders in the last decades calls the attention of researchers concerned with body studies in several fields of knowledge. The media and the fashion world emphasize the need of a woman s slim and young body, associated with happiness, wealth, health and success. There is more demand of a slim body among social groups connected with worldwide information. The fear of rejection is usually considered the immediate cause of such radical action. The main objective of this research work is to analyze how the communication processes between the anorectic body and the environment occur, and the possible changes after performing body practices, such as the Vianna s technique. Our hypothesis is that anorectic people live under the mind/body duality paradigm, taking the control of the mind over the body to the last consequences. To understand the symptom of body maps distortion in the brain, we analyzed the works by the neuroscientist Damásio (1995), and the concept of embodied mind concept by Lakoff & Johnson (1999). Then we present historical data on an anorexia outbreak in the Middle Ages, known today as holy anorexia, and the current anorexia nervosa, so as to discuss the mind/body spirit/matter duality in both cases. So we will also discuss the phenomenon of media abuse in advertisements, newspapers, books, TV and Internet, considered to cause the contemporary anorexia nervosa. The theory adopted here is the research works by Katz & Greiner (2005) on the mediabody, which considers the body the primary communication media; by Gail Weiss (1999), on the formulation of body images; by Paul Churchland (2004), who mapped the several types of Cartesian dualisms; and the theoretical work by the Brazilian researchers Letícia Teixeira (2008) and Neide Neves (2008) on Vianna s technique, who helped clarify the idea that an approach based on the body can help an anorectic person to undo the mind/body dichotomy. For the research corpus, we observed two groups of people. The first one is formed by people who had anorexia and recovered from it; the second, by anorectic people under medical treatment who perform Vianna s technique. Field work is being carried out since September 2007. As an outcome, this work proposes changing the discussion focus on anorexia, usually concerned with cultural pressures on psychoanalytical analyses, once it considers this disease as result of a radicalization of the mind/body duality. This separation inquires body s nature as a mediabody and, once abusively highlighted by press, it disguises the disorder as a communicational mass phenomenon, rendering the understanding and treatment in each particular case more complicating / O aumento dos casos de distúrbio alimentar nas últimas décadas vem atraindo a atenção de estudiosos do corpo em diversas áreas de conhecimento. Atualmente, a mídia e a moda enfatizam a necessidade de a mulher ter um corpo magro e jovem. Associam a esse padrão estético a felicidade, a riqueza, a saúde e o sucesso. A exigência do corpo magro é mais presente em grupos sociais que vivem conectados às informações que circulam em larga escala pelo mundo. O medo da rejeição é normalmente apontado como causa imediata para essa ação radical. Nesta pesquisa, o objetivo principal é analisar como se dão os processos de comunicação do corpo anoréxico com o seu ambiente e as possíveis modificações, ao vivenciar práticas corporais como a técnica Vianna. Trabalharemos com a hipótese de que pessoas com anorexia vivem sob o paradigma da dualidade mente/corpo, levando às últimas consequências o controle da primeira sobre o segundo. Para entender o sintoma da distorção dos mapas corporais no cérebro, analisamos os estudos do neurocientista António Damásio (1995) e o conceito de mente entranhada dos americanos Lakoff e Johnson (1999). Apresentamos, em seguida, dados históricos acerca de um surto de anorexia ocorrido na Idade Média, hoje conhecido por anorexia santa, e a anorexia nervosa da atualidade, a fim de discorrer sobre a dualidade mente/corpo espírito/matéria presente nos dois casos. Para tanto, discutiremos também o fenômeno dos abusos midiáticos em anúncios publicitários, jornais, livros, televisão e internet, ao qual é atribuída uma relação de causalidade com a anorexia nervosa contemporânea. Como fundamentação teórica, estudamos as pesquisas de Katz e Greiner (2005) sobre o corpomídia, que propõe o corpo como mídia primária da comunicação; a de Gail Weiss (1999), acerca da formulação de imagens corporais; a de Paul Churchland (2004), que mapeou as diversas modalidades de dualismos cartesianos; e as pesquisas teóricas das brasileiras Letícia Teixeira (2008) e Neide Neves (2008) sobre a técnica Vianna, que ajudou a esclarecer a proposição de que uma abordagem a partir do corpo pode ajudar uma anoréxica a dissolver essa dicotomia mente/corpo. Para o corpus da pesquisa, selecionamos dois grupos de pessoas para observação. O primeiro é composto por pessoas que já tiveram anorexia e conseguiram reverter o quadro e o segundo, por pessoas que estão anoréxicas atualmente e que, além do acompanhamento médico, praticam a técnica Vianna. O trabalho de campo vem sendo realizado desde setembro de 2007. Como resultado, esta pesquisa propõe desviar o foco da discussão a respeito da anorexia, normalmente voltado para as pressões culturais ou para análises psicanalíticas, uma vez que analisa essa doença como resultado da radicalização da dualidade mente/corpo. Tal separação questiona a natureza do corpo como um corpomídia e, uma vez salientada de maneira abusiva pela mídia impressa e televisa, camufla o distúrbio como um fenômeno comunicacional de massa, dificultando ainda mais a compreensão e o tratamento de cada caso particular

À la question de savoir ce qu’est la valeur des biens, le courant doctrinal majoritaire affirme que la valeur des biens est leur prix et que c’est en raison de cette valeur que les biens sont désirables et appropriables. Pourtant, juridiquement, le prix et la valeur des biens ne s’appliquent pas aux mêmes branches du droit et visent deux rapports d’équivalence différents. Même leurs expressions divergent puisque, contrairement au prix qui ne connaît qu’une expression monétaire, la valeur des biens connaît, en plus, une expression symbolique. Quant à l’affirmation selon laquelle la valeur des biens rend ces derniers désirables et justifie leur appropriation, il s’agit là d’un renversement du raisonnement. En effet, l’étude du droit français révèle qu’il conçoit la valeur des biens comme une mesure relative aux biens. En conséquence, c’est la catégorie juridique des biens qui est au cœur de leur désirabilité. Une étude comparative de celle-ci avec les autres qualifications juridiques relatives aux choses, démontre ainsi que les biens sont appréhendés comme une réserve non naturelle de choses entièrement appropriées, dont le propriétaire est connu et qui sont bénéfiques aux hommes en ce qu’elles leur fournissent un complément de service. Les biens contribuent ainsi à la subsistance des individus, c’est-à-dire qu’ils leur apportent une aide à leur existence matérielle. L’homme se caractérisant par son individualité et sa sociabilité, ils contribuent à chacun de ces besoins. Cependant, tous n’y contribuent pas dans la même proportion. La valeur des biens mesure ainsi cette contribution à la subsistance individuelle ou sociale des êtres humains. Ces deux types de subsistance connaissant des antagonismes, ils justifient des régimes juridiques et des expressions de la valeur différents. Ainsi, les biens contribuant à la subsistance individuelle connaissent un régime dynamique et une expression monétaire. Ce sont les biens les plus répandus et au cœur du droit commun. Il s’agit des biens à valeur économique. Les biens contribuant à la subsistance sociale connaissent, quant à eux, des régimes conservateurs et une expression symbolique et constituent des exceptions au droit commun. Il s’agit des biens à valeur morale. / To the question about what is the value of goods, the main body of doctrine maintains that the value of goods is their price and that is why the goods are desirables and appropriables. However, legally, price and value of goods do not apply to the same branches of law and aim at two different kind of equivalence. Their expressions also diverge. Contrary to the price, which knows only one monetary expression, the value of goods knows, besides, a symbolic expression. As for the assertion according to which the value of the goods become desirables and proves their appropriation, this is a reversal of the reasoning. Indeed, the study of French law reveals that the value of goods is a measure relative to goods. Consequently, the goods, as a legal category, are desirable as such. A comparative study of this one with other legal categories related to the things, shows that goods are knew as a non-natural reserve of completely appropriated things, to which the owner is known and which are advantageous to him to have a complement of service. So, the goods contribute to the subsistence of the individuals, because they help them for their material existence. Considering that the humanity is characterized by individuality and sociability, the goods could be analysed as a contribution to every kind of these needs. However, every goods do not contribute to it in the same proportion. The value of goods measures this contribution in the individual or in the social subsistence of the human beings. These two types of subsistence is characterised by an antagonism. It justifies different legal regimes and expressions of the value. So, the goods which contribute to the individual subsistence have a dynamic regime and a monetary expression. These are the most spread category of goods and the legal reference. They are the goods with an economic value. The goods which contribute to the social subsistence have two conservatives regimes, a symbolic expression and are exceptions to the legal reference. They are the goods with a moral value.

Depending on their needs for enhancing and sustaining their business and market values, some firms choose to operate with a corporate governance structure of CEO duality, in which an executive serves as the CEO and the chairperson of the board of directors. The problem addressed in this study is that past empirical and theoretical studies of the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance of organizations across different industries have generated ambiguous results, and no studies have focused specifically on the relationship between CEO duality and financial performance of not-for-profit hospitals. Based on agency and stewardship theories, and considering that CEO duality's effects on firms' financial performance are contextually specific to each type of industry and dependent on certain industry conditions, the purpose of this quantitative study was to answer 3 research questions that examine the relationship between CEO duality, presence of physicians on governance board, hospital size, hospital age, board size, and financial performance of not-for-profit hospitals. This study used multiple regression analyses of data of financial indicators from 146 U.S. not-for-profit hospitals selected from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database of California, for the period from 2009 to 2012. The results of this study suggested CEO duality and presence of physicians on healthcare governance were not related to financial performance of not-for-profit hospitals. The outcomes of this study can promote positive social change by bringing awareness of appropriate healthcare governance structures that enhance organizational effectiveness and sustain hospitals' charitable missions of provision of community services and transformation of communities and society.