Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine what kind of factors that can influence consumers’ intention and how do Swedish consumers evaluate these factors to purchase grocery products through the Internet. Background: E-commerce has been a widespread environment for consumers and online shopping also becomes more and more popular nowadays. However, in Sweden, although there is huge amount of online users, online grocery shopping is still in an early stage. Theory: For this paper the Theory of Planned Behavior was used, as well as a range of factors that are commonly used in existing literature on this field of research. Method: Both quantitative and Qualitative method were used to collect primary data and semi- structured interviews were conducted with participants with similar demographics. Conclusion: Combined with previous literature, questionnaire and interviews conducted, relevant factors are brought up to be analyzed. Situational factors which include perceived product quality, perceived product price, weather, perceived potential risks, delivery cost, delivery time, types of product, and time saving. The study shows that above factors all have impact on online consumers’ purchasing intention with different levels.

Magister Public Health - MPH (Public Health) / Background and rationale: Telehealth is a collection of methods for enhancing health care, public health, and health education delivery and support using telecommunications technologies. Despite the many reported benefits of telehealth, there are challenges to its continued and widespread use in South Africa. It remains unclear what facilitates or hinders the integration of telehealth into routine clinical practice. Study aim and objectives: Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study investigated factors affecting healthcare workers' acceptance and use of telehealth in hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Specifically, it described the frequency and nature of telehealth use and the factors associated with technology acceptance; and evaluated the influence of socio-demographic factors (age, experience, profession, qualification) and acceptance factors on use and behavioural intention to use telehealth. Methods: A quantitative survey in seven hospitals (2 tertiary, 3 regional, 2 district) with telehealth facilities falling under the KZN Department of Health, was conducted. 177 medical, nursing, pharmacy and allied staff consented to complete an on-line, closed ended and structured self-administered questionnaire based on the UTAUT model. The responses to the individual likert scale items were assigned a score (1-4), and from this, total scores calculated for each construct. Respondent characteristics were converted into binary variables and associations with total scores on each of the UTAUT acceptance domains were tested using t-test. The associations between behavioural intention and actual use (as binary dependent variables); and the respondent profiles, scores for performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions (independent variables) were assessed in two multivariate logistic regression models.

Denna studie undersöker kopplingen mellan konsumenters, närmare bestämt Uppsalastudenters, intentioner och beteenden när det kommer till klimatvänlig konsumtion av livsmedel. Klimatvänlig konsumtion av livsmedel avgränsades i denna studie till att innefatta faktorerna att handla efter säsong, produktens härkomst, mängd animaliska och vegetabiliska produkter, klimatmärkningar samt val av förpackningar. I studien registrerade nio deltagare sina matinköp under en veckas tid, vilket följdes upp med enskilda intervjuer för att få en ökad förståelse för hur deltagarna resonerade kring sina inköp. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av teorin Theory of Reasoned Action som är ett verktyg för att försöka förklara de drivkrafter som ligger till grund för en individs beteenden. Under intervjuerna framkom att de aspekter som flest förknippar med att handla klimatvänligt är att äta mer vegetariskt och att handla mer ekologiskt producerade produkter. Detta har många av deltagarna även en positiv intention till. Resultatet visar att intentionens kvalitet är något som till stor del avgör vad utfallet kommer bli. Vissa av deltagarna tar klimataspekterna på väldigt stort allvar och är något som påverkar deras inköp väldigt mycket. I andra fall verkar istället intentioner om att handla mer klimatvänligt inte vara tillräckligt starkt grundade för att påverka inköpen i någon större utsträckning.

Behavior of pedestrians who are moving or standing still close to the street could be one of the most significant indicators about pedestrian’s instant future actions. Being able to recognize the activity of a pedestrian, can reveal significant information about pedestrian’s crossing intentions. Thus, the scope of this thesisis to investigate ways and methods to improve understanding ofpedestrian´s activity and in particular detecting their motion and head orientation in relation to the surrounding traffic. Furthermore, different features and methods are examined, used and assessed according to their contribution on distinguishing between different actions. Feature extraction methods considered are Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The features are extracted by processing still images of pedestrians from the Joint Attention for Autonomous Driving (JAAD) dataset. The images are extracted from video frames depicting pedestrians walking next to the road or crossing the road are used. Based on the features, a number of Machine Learning (ML) techniques(CNN, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbor and Decision Trees) are used to predict the head orientation, motion as well as the intention of the pedestrian. The work is divided into three parts, the first is to combine feature extraction and ML to predict pedestrian’s action regarding if they are walking or not. The second is to identify the pedestrian's head orientation in terms of if he/she is looking at the vehicle or not, this is also done by combining feature extraction and ML. The final task is to combine these two measures in a ML-basedclassifier that is trained to predict the pedestrian´s crossing intention and action. In addition to the pedestrian’s behavior for estimating the crossing intention, additional features about the local environment were added as input signals for the classifier, for instance, information about the presence of zebra markings in the street, the location of the scene, and weather conditions.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la contingence culturelle de l'intention-action de création d'entreprise. Elle met en oeuvre une recherche empirique qui permet, au travers de la démarche de triangulation, d'explorer le rôle de la culture nationale dans ces notions. Une analyse théorique des principaux concepts dans le domaine de l'entrepreneuriat et de la culture nationale, permettra de mettre en évidence un cadre conceptuel adapté à l'étude de la contingence culturelle de l'intention entrepreneuriale. En effet, ce dernier propose une approche intégrant les différents niveaux d'analyse de la culture nationale et leurs incidences sur la formation de l'intention entrepreneuriale. La thèse présente son projet en termes de problématique et de méthodologie, au travers d'un processus de collecte de données, par entretiens et questionnaires, sur 35 études de cas de créateurs de TPE en provenance de la région Lorraine (France) et de la région Grand Tunis (Tunisie). Les traitements de ces données (analyses qualitative et quantitative) conduisent à adopter la contingence culturelle de la désirabilité et de la faisabilité perçues de se lancer en affaires. La recherche suggère aux acteurs décideurs que l'intention entrepreneuriale ne peut-être considérée comme universelle. En revanche, elle peut être investie au travers de certaines caractéristiques culturelles spécifiques, notamment les valeurs et croyances culturelles, le contexte relationnel, les motivations, les modèles d'entrepreneurs, etc. Ainsi, cette étude met en avant l'imbrication de la culture nationale et la culture entrepreneuriale. / This thesis is dedicated to study a cultural contingency of the entrepreneurial intention-action. It uses empirical research which permits, through a triangulation method, to explore the role of national culture in these notions. A theoretical analysis of main concepts on entrepreneurship and national culture enables to suggest an adapted conceptual framework for studying cultural contingency on entrepreneurial intention. In fact, this framework proposes an approach that permits to integrate different analysis levels of national culture and their effects on the entrepreneurial intention formation. The thesis presents its problematic and methodological project, through interviews and questionnaires applied in 35 case studies of small business creators, coming from "Lorraine" region (France) and "Grand Tunis" region (Tunisia). The data treatment (quantitative and qualitative analysis) brings to adopt the cultural contingency of perceived desirability and feasibility to start a business. The research suggests that intention of business creation can't be considered as universal. On the other hand it can be surrounded according to specific cultural characteristics, particularly, cultural values and beliefs, relational context, motivations, entrepreneurs' roles models, etc. It defends also the imbrication's entrepreneurial and national cultures.

Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the modern day economy. Knowing what causes an individual to become an entrepreneur has fostered much attention in academic literature, but not enough of the research has looked into individual level variables that could cause an individual to have an entrepreneurial intention. This study addresses this need in research by utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate entrepreneurial intention. Not all entrepreneurs are alike. Some entrepreneurs are motivated by financial gains while others are motivated by social concerns. The individual characteristics of entrepreneurs may not be identical, but it is believed that there are similarities. This current study uses a self-report survey approach to examine the potential impact that barriers to entry into entrepreneurship will have upon an individual’s commercial and social entrepreneurial intention. This study will also examine the moderating effect of gender identity, grit, and the Dark Triad of personality upon the previously established relationship of the three TPB antecedents to intention and commercial and social entrepreneurial intention.

The retention of skilled employees is crucial for the success of South African organisations. An understanding of the influence and relationships of employees’ emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and work engagement on employee turnover intention is necessary. The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, work engagement and turnover intentions of employees in selected organisations. The authors’ applied a cross-sectional survey design. Convenient samples of employees were drawn from five volunteering organisations in the Durban area of South Africa (N = 274) so as to ensure a sample size in excess of 200 for the purposes of applying structured equation modelling. The organisations included two private higher education institutions, a management consulting/outsourcing company, an information technology company and a packaging company. They administered the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale, The Work Engagement Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale. The effect of emotional intelligence upon the job satisfaction and work engagement of employees in explaining their turnover intention could not be established. Emotional intelligence was found to have a significant effect on the work engagement of employees but not job satisfaction. Job satisfaction had a significant effect on the turnover intention of employees. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Lorsqu’un salarié est amené à choisir parmi différents types de mobilité intra-organisationnelle, quelles variables interviennent pour expliquer ce choix? Telle est la problématique de cette thèse. Ce travail a été conduit dans la perspective de l’individu et son interaction avec l’organisation et l’environnement. Il s’appui sur la théorie des expectations développée par Vroom (1964). Cette thèse s’appuie sur les résultats d’une étude quantitative exploratoire menée auprès de 102 salariés dune entreprise de haute technologie, complétée par une étude quantitative confirmatoire menée auprès de 391 anciens étudiants diplômés de l’IAE. Le résultat principal de ce travail consiste à créer un modèle de recherche qui permet d’expliquer et de prédire l’intention des salariés envers les différents types de mobilité intra-organisationnelle. D’autres résultats. complémentaire, confirment la multiplicité des ancres de carrière chez l’individu. / When an employee has to choose among various types of intra-organizational mobility, which factors intervene to explain his choice? Our dissertation explores this question. This research study utilizes the individual’s interaction with the work environment perspective. Our work relies on the theory of expectations, developed by Vroom (1964). This theory assumes that an employee’s beliefs about Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence provide a model for the proximal antecedents of the intra-organizational mobility intention. This dissertation relies on two research studies: an exploratory study, conducted among 102 employees of a high technology company, and a quantitative study, conducted arnong 391 IAE student Alumni. The main result of this study is to elaborate a research model enables to explain and predict why employees choose a particular type of intra-organizational mobility. Another result in the research confirms the multiplicity of career anchors.

This study examines the state of competing affordances when an action is prepared for immediate production. More specifically, we investigated the nature of motor representations evoked by distinct action intentions, with a special interest in functional (grasp to use) and volumetric (grasp to lift) actions. With just two objects available, participants were asked to prepare an action on a particular object (e.g., preparing to lift the cellphone), and when signaled, either to perform this original action plan or to switch to executing an alternative one, either on the same or different object. By manipulating cueing methods used for indicating the preparatory and the target action plans, we found distinct patterns in the effect of preserving either object (different action on the same object) or action (same grasp type on a different object) on action execution. Changing either component of the action-object pairing incurred a cost in response time. In Experiment 1, a cost was observed when a prepared action was switched to an alternate action on the same object. For example, preparing to lift a cellphone but switching instead to a use action on the same object, incurred a cost. A further cost was found when subjects prepared a functional action to one object (e.g., use the cellphone) but switched to the same class of action on the alternate object (e.g., use the spray can). Both these effects were found to operate at the motor level. No costs were observed when subjects switched from a planned action to naming the target object (Experiment 3). Crucially, it was found that the nature of the cueing method instructing subjects to switch from a planned to an alternate action impacted the effect of action congruency. The cost observed in Experiment 1 when subjects switched to an alternate action on the same object occurred when the switch from a planned to an alternate action was cued by a verb-noun combination (e.g., use cellphone). No such cost occurred when the action was cued by a verb (e.g., use) and the target object was spatially cued by an arrow pointing to its location (Experiment 2). The cost of switching from a planned action type (e.g., a use action) to the same action type carried on the alternate object also depended on whether the planned action was verbally or spatially cued. These results provide new evidence on the nature of action representations associated with different motor intentions, as well as of the nature of action-object pairings. / Graduate

The diploma work is focused on analysis of illustrations in the Czech editions of fables of the French writer Jean de La Fontaine. The first part is based on theoretical approach, dealing with the definition of the fable as well as with the classicist writer{\crq}s life, his literary work, his contribution to the literature of the 17th century and events that influenced them fundamentally. The diploma work makes the reader acquainted with the acceptation of Fables by the public and what La Fontaine intended to tell them by his literary work. Because the Fables are the kind of genre where the illustration is one of the basic elements, the diploma work presents also a brief history of illustration in the literary work, especially in the Fables and concentrates on how the illustrations correspond to writer´s intention. This work deals also with the most successful French Fables illustrators. The practical part of this work consists in analysis of all the Czech editions, their division in illustrated and non illustrated editions and the detailed description of chosen illustrated titles and their common features and differences. The last part evaluates the originality of these editions and the results of the analysis.