A challenge facing many not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) is that of financial sustainability; an organisation’s ability to remain sustainable despite the rules that govern NGOs, environmental challenges faced and demands placed on the organisation by that of their donors. This paper explores the challenges faced by NPOs in the South African context and possible models that could be used by NPOs to become sustainable. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / (M.B.A.)

A challenge facing many not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) is that of financial sustainability; an organisation’s ability to remain sustainable despite the rules that govern NGOs, environmental challenges faced and demands placed on the organisation by that of their donors. This paper explores the challenges faced by NPOs in the South African context and possible models that could be used by NPOs to become sustainable. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / (M.B.A.)

Thesis (M.Com. (Marketing Management and Information Systems))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2015 / The objectives of the study were to explore the extent to which three management characteristics related to organisational entrepreneurship in not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) in Gauteng, as well as the relation between organisational entrepreneurship and the organisational performance. The research was based on a quantitative approach which involved a random sample of 257 NPO managers who responded via a self-administered questionnaire. The research instrument measured management’s commitment to their occupation, management’s continuous education and management ethics, as well as organisational entrepreneurship and organisational performance. Data analysis techniques comprised of structural equation modelling which focused on confirmatory factory analysis to confirm conceptual relations and path model analysis to determine the causal relations between each management characteristics with organisational entrepreneurship, and organisational entrepreneurship with organisational performance. Path analysis results returned significant at the 99% confidence level that management’s continuous education and management’s ethics had strong positive causal relations to organisational entrepreneurship, as well as the positive relation of organisational entrepreneurship with organisational performance. The research noted implications for NPO management teams, including the renovation of business model structures to incorporate continuous learning and constructive risk-taking in order to take advantage of the performance benefits derived from organisational entrepreneurship. The study also recommends further research into potential citizenship bodies for NPO management team to foster commitment to their occupation in the non-profit sector.

<p>The voluntary sector is growing in importance; in fundraising turnover, number of players and marketing professionalism. This study explores the process by which the fundraising organisations define and develop their propositions to the market. Starting with an observation that organisations with very different history and tradition present themselves to the market in similar ways, it investigates how three leading Swedish organisations create the basis for their propositions to the market of donors, which in fundraising practice jargon is called the Case for Support. Drawing upon research in philanthropic giving and organisational identity, the author suggests a theoretical framework for such a fundraising Case for Support. It recognises two main sources of influence, an external market source driven by donors, consumer image and behavioural trends and an internal mission driven source, defined by organisational history, values and programme track record. In the playing field between Market and Mission an organisation can reflect, develop and communicate their Case for Support – and their own "selves".</p>

The voluntary sector is growing in importance; in fundraising turnover, number of players and marketing professionalism. This study explores the process by which the fundraising organisations define and develop their propositions to the market. Starting with an observation that organisations with very different history and tradition present themselves to the market in similar ways, it investigates how three leading Swedish organisations create the basis for their propositions to the market of donors, which in fundraising practice jargon is called the Case for Support. Drawing upon research in philanthropic giving and organisational identity, the author suggests a theoretical framework for such a fundraising Case for Support. It recognises two main sources of influence, an external market source driven by donors, consumer image and behavioural trends and an internal mission driven source, defined by organisational history, values and programme track record. In the playing field between Market and Mission an organisation can reflect, develop and communicate their Case for Support – and their own "selves".

ABSTRACT This thesis studies the background of the largest single farmer organisation in Australia and its role in influencing practice change. The study seeks to address a number of questions starting with: how did a small Western Australian farmer group reach national prominence over a relatively short period and become a major influence on agriculture in Australia? This research uses quantitative and qualitative methods and is informed by a constructionist philosophy. The research process involved five phases. Phase one consisted of examining the possibilities of the research and its value. It also addressed the research problem and questions. Phase two involved a survey of Kondinin Group members and negotiating with the Kondinin Group for access to its database. The survey was faxed to 1501 members in the northern region of Australia and the data from 272 responses was entered and reported. From this, the researcher could validate that the study had merit and the Kondinin Group was making a substantial difference to its members. Phase three revolved around a literature review to see what information was available on the Kondinin Group and other farm organisations. The study also examined how the group related to management and organizational theory, social trends and the body of work on extension and farmer capacity building. Phase four sought to further examine the organisation through interviews with key informants including people from the Kondinin Group and other farm organisations. Phase five of the research involved bringing information and data together to more comprehensively address the research questions and draw conclusions from the study. It also examined the challenges facing the Kondinin Group and lessons that can be drawn for other organisations along with identifying further research that may be worthwhile.

This thesis, The Influence of Media on the Message: A Case Study of Kvinnobyrån’s Communication and Media Distribution, is written by Anna-Evelina Dahlström and Linnea Ljung. To gain insight into Kvinnobyrån’s current situation, and add to the understanding of the problem with the ethical aspects of communication for NPOs. Based on the following research questions -What is  communicated via Kvinnobyrån’s media channels?, - How is Kvinnobyråns media channels utilised today and how should they be utilised, according to Uppsala Stadsmission and Kvinnobyrån?, - Does the ethical aspects of Kvinnobyrån’s communication affect their communications practices? And if so, how? The theoretical framework consists of Mediation Theory, Communicative Constitution of Organisations (CCO) and Seven building blocks of social media. The methods utilise triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods. The material consists of interviews, social media posts and statistical data from Kvinnobyrån. The results had three main characteristics, informative, donations, and storytelling. Storytelling is the main communicative strategy and the ethical aspect is limiting Kvinnobyråns communication. The field lacks an extensive research base on ethical considerations about vulnerable people and for NPOs communication. This thesis contributes with a new perspective to the field, by examining the effect of ethical limitations on communication by mapping the problems to add insight into the phenomena. The paper has 62 pages and is published by the department Media and Communication studies: Department of Informatics at Uppsala University during the fall term of 2020 supervised by Martina Ladendorf.

Denna undersökning avser att ta reda på hur den ideella organisationen Fatta använder sig av sociala medier för att sätta agendan. Uppsatsen bygger på agenda setting- teorin och tidigare forskning om ideella organisationer. Frågeställningen lyder “Hur använder Fatta sociala medier för att sätta agendan?”. Uppsatsens kärna baseras på insamlat material från Fattas sociala medier Facebook, Instagram och Twitter. Insamlingsperioden var under en månads tid. Detta material analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Undersökningens huvudsakliga resultat visar att Fatta använder sociala medier i en väldigt liten utsträckning. Det i sin tur tyder på att det är ett flertal faktorer som spelar in för att en ideell organisation ska kunna hamna på agendan. I Fattas fall hjälper sociala medier dem att nå ut till sin publik med tre huvudsakliga kategorier: information, marknadsföring och uppmaningar. / The purpose of this thesis was to understand how social media can help non profit organizations to set the agenda. We have chosen to study the non profit organization Fatta. In this thesis a qualitative content analysis is used to look at the content in social media posts. The method is used to see how the non profit organiztion Fatta are using social media to set the agenda. The main results of this thesis is that being on social media is not enough for setting the agenda. There are several factors that come into play when a non-profit organization succesfully makes it to the agenda

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: On a global scale, there are substantial studies about volunteerism. However, literature on volunteerism in South Africa, especially qualitative studies, is limited. The limited literature in South Africa does, however, suggest differences between Northern and Southern global contexts in terms of motivation for volunteering. In order to further build the South African literature in this area, this study explored the experiences of volunteers in a Stellenbosch based NPO. Their experiences encapsulate their motivations, challenges, and benefits of volunteering in their role as mentors to marginalised youth in this area. An overarching developmental framework was utilised to understand the volunteers’ motivations, and supplementary perspectives (Role-ID theory; citizenship and mentoring) were used to explore and contextualise their experiences. Within this framework, a qualitative methodology was employed to explore, gather, describe, and interpret the data. Two group interviews with 5 participants each were conducted. This was supplemented by 3 individual interviews. An interpretive phenomenological analytical approach was used to analyse the data. Findings suggested that other-oriented motivations, citizenship, sense of belonging, social exchange, self-enhancement, positive role model identity, improved personal and familial relations, wilderness solo experience, personal satisfaction and reward in seeing the fruit of their labour were some of the significant themes that emerged for volunteers from their volunteer experience. The main challenge they faced was that of transport mobility to keep mentor appointments. The implications of the findings for South African perspectives on volunteering are discussed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wêreldwyd is daar navorsing gedoen oor vrywillige werk. Die literatuur is nietemin in hierdie vakgebied beperk, veral met betrekking tot kwalitatiewe studies in die Suid Afrikaanse konteks. Die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur wat wel bestaan dui daarop aan dat daar sommige verskille bestaan tussen navorsing wat in die globale Noorde en Suide gedoen is. Die verskil is die van vrywillige werkers se motiverings om vrywillige werk te doen. Om Suid Afrikaanse navorsing in die gebied te versterk, fokus hierdie studie op die ervaringe van vrywillige werkers by ‘n nie-staat/regerings organisasie in Stellenbosch, Wes-Kaap. Hul ervaringe bestaan uit hul motiverings, uitdagings, en wat hulle beskou as voordele van hul rolle as mentors vir gemarginaliseerde jeug in die omgewing. ‘n Oorkoepelende ontwikkelingraamwerk was benut, om die motivering van vrywilligers en die aanvullende perspektiewe (burgerskap, mentorskap en identiteits-rol teorie) te verstaan en ook om verder hul ervaringe te verken en te kontekstualiseer. 'n Kwalitatiewe metodologie is binne hierdie raamwerk gebruik om data te verken, versamel, beskryf, en te interpreteer. Twee groeps onderhoude van vyf deelnemers elk, was uitgevoer. Dit was verder aangevul met drie individuele onderhoude. ‘n Interpreterende fenomenologiese analitiese benadering was benut om die data te analiseer. Bevindings het die navorsing in hierdie gebied weerspiëel. Ander-georiënteerde motiverings, burgerskap, aanvaarding, sosiale uitruiling, self-verbetering, positiewe rol-model identiteit, en verbeterde persoonlike- en gesinsverhoudings, wildernis alleen ervaringe, persoonlike bevrediging, en om die ‘beloning’ te sien van hul harde werk, was sommige van die beduidende temas wat na vore gekom het. Die een groot probleem wat vrywilligers ervaar het, was die van toeganklikheid van vervoer om hul mentorskap afsprake na te kom. Die implikasies van die bevindings vir Suid Afrikaanse perspektiewe op die gebied word bespreek.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: All organisations, commercial or nonprofit, are exposed to a highly competitive and uncertain environment which is fuelled by globalisation and technological advancement. Organisations make use of business analytical tools to assist them in the effective management of their organisations. Strategic management in particular, is used as an analytical and decision making tool. The Christian church is by no means excluded from the effects of the changing society due to globalisation, technological advancement and post-modernism. Christianity has been a way of Ufe for many people over the past two millennia; however, there is a growing concern that Christianity is facing extinction. Research and surveys conducted indicate a decline in membership and attendance of worship. The literature reviewed in this research revealed that nonprofits, and in particular religious organisations, are focused primarily on their mission, rather than taking a holistic view of the external and internal environment in making strategic business decisions. This presented an opportunity for a research study on the application of strategic management principles in a church organisation, without compromising the church's mission. The research problem addressed in this report is: Can strategic management techniques and principles applied in business today, successfully be adapted for formulating a strategic framework which will enhance the growth and survival of the Christian Church? An extensive literature review has been undertaken within the field of the strategic management discipline in business and in non-profits. The purpose of the research is aimed at strategic management techniques to be applied to the Christian church. It made sense therefore to gain some understanding of what literature presented with regards to strategic management concepts in churches. Churches are expected to survive amidst a changing society, the church is expected to respond to the needs of its members and yet remain true to its mission. A number of issues which need v consideration when making strategic decisions have been addressed. These include: postmodernism and its challenges, public trust, leadership, volunteerism, money, culture, diversity, structures and systems. A strategic framework was applied to test its usefulness as a tool in the church. Elements of the framework entail the strategic intent which embodies the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the organisation. The internal and external environment in which the organisation exists, is analysed and the results are integrated to formulate an appropriate strategy. Based on the results of the literature reviewed, the research problem has been answered positively. The scope of the research is non-denominational and does not focus on any specific religious doctrines. Therefore, regardless of beliefs or re li gious convictions the framework provided can effectively be applied by any religious or nonprofit organisation. Although the proposed framework could be applied to multiple religious trad itions, the focus is on the Christian church and some examples are uniquely Christian. Ultimately it is intended that the adopted framework enhances the ability of Christian churches to grow from strength to strength. Working within the framework presented does not guarantee the success of the church but it will provide a structure for management's decision making. The need for flexibility within the framework must be recognised and appreciated. The research report is exploratory in nature and reviews existing knowledge to prepare the way for further research into relationships between strategic management and religious organisations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aile organisasies, hetsy sake-ondernemings of nie-winsgewende assosiasies, word blootgestel aan haogs mededigende en onsekere omgewingsomstandighede wat aangevuur word deur globalisering en te9nologie5e vooruitgang. Organisasies rnaak gebruik van analitiese hulpmiddels om hulp 1e verleen in die doeltreffende bedryfsleiding van hul organisasies. Strategiese bestuur word in die besonder as 'n analitiese- en besluitnemingswerktuig gebruik. Die Christelike kerk bly geensins onaangeraak deur die uitwerking van 'n gemeenskap wat verander weens globalisering, te9nol09ie5e vooruitgang en die nadraai van modernisme. Vir vele mense was Christenskap oor die afgelope twee millennia 'n lewenswyse; desnieteenstaande is daar 'n groeiende besorgdheid dat Christenskap uitwissing in die oe staar. Navorsing en opnames toon 'n afname in lidmaatskap en bywoning aan godsdienste. Die geskrifte wat vir hierdie navorsing bestudeer is, het onthul dat nle-winsgewende, en in die besonder religieuse organisasies, allereerste op hul missie fokus, eerder as om 'n holistiese benadering te neem van die interne en eksterne omgewingsomstandighede, wanneer strategiese ondernemingsbesluite geneem word . Dit het die geleentheid geskep vir navorsing in die toepassing van stategiese bestuursbeginsels in 'n kerk-organisasie, sonder om die kerk se missie in gevaar te stel. Die navorsingsprobleem wat in hierdie verslag aangespreek word, is: Kan die strategiese bestuurstegnieke en -beginsels wat hedendaags in sake-ondernemings toegepas word, suksesvol aangepas word om 'n strategiese raamwerk te formuleer wat die ontwikkeling en oorlewing van die Christel ike kerk sal verhoog? 'n Uitgebreide oorsig van literatuur rakende die terrein van strategiese bestuursbeginsels In sake-ondernemings en nie-winsgewinde assosiasies is onderneem. Die doel van die navorsing was gevestig op strategiese bestuursbeginsels wat op die Christelike kerk toegepas kon word . Dit het dus sin gemaak om ondersoek in te stel oor wat die literatuuf s~ rakende strategiese bestuurskonsepte in kerke. Daar word van die kerk verwag om in 'n veranderende gemeenskap te aorleef, om te reageer op die behoeftes van sy ltdmate en nog steeds getrou te bly aan sy missie. 'n Hele aantal vraagpunte wat oorweging benodig wanneer strategiese besluite geneem word, is aangespreek. Oit sluit in: postmodernisme en sy uitdagings, publieke vertroue, leierskap, vrywillige dienslewering, befondsing, kultuur, diversiteit, strukture en sisteme. 'n Strategiese raamwerk is toegepas om sy bruikbaarheid as 'n werktuig in die kerk te toets. Elemente van hierdie raamwerk bevat die strategiese beweegrede wat die visie, missie, doelwitte en doelstellings van die organisasie omvat. Die interne en eksterne omgewing waarin die organisasie bestaan, is ge-analiseer en die resultate toe ingelyf om 'n gepaste strategie te formuleer. Gegrond op die resultate van die literatuur wat in oorsig geneem was, is die navorsingsprobleem positief beantwoord. Die omvang van die navorsing is nie gekoppel aan kerkverband nie en fokus dus nie op enige spesifieke godsdienstige leerstellings nie. Hierdie raamwerk kan dus ondanks die geloofs-oortuigings en - belydenisse doeltreffend op enige godsdienstige of nie-winsgewende organisasie toegepas word . Alhoewel die voorgestelde raamwerk op veelvuldige religieuse tradisies toegepas kan word, is die fokus op die Christelike kerk en party voorbeelde wat aangehaal word, is uniek aan Christendom. Daar word uiteindelik ten doel gestel dat die aanvaarde raamwerk die vermoe van Christen kerke om van krag tot krag te groei, verhoog. Wanneer daar binne die voorgestelde raamwerk gewerk word, is daar geen waarborg dat die kerk suksesvol sal wees nie, maar dit voorsien wei 'n struktuur vir bestuurslui se besluitneming. Die nodigheid vir buigsaamheid binne die raamwerk moet ook erken en waardeer word.