Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:36:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a padronização de 68Ga, um emissor de pósitrons de meia-vida curta, usado em PET (Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons). A padronização do 68Ga foi realizada em um sistema de coincidência 4πβ-γ, que consiste de um detector proporcional em geometria 4π a gás fluente acoplado a um detector de cristal semicondutor HPGe, para a detecção de raios gama. A aquisição de dados foi realizada por meio de um Sistema de Coincidência por Software (SCS), desenvolvido no Laboratório de Metrologia Nuclear (Laboratório de Metrologia Nuclear - LMN) no IPEN-CNEN / SP. Os resultados finais foram obtidos a partir de um ajuste de curva multiparamétrica aplicando-se uma metodologia que leva em consideração a matriz de covariância combinando os resultados experimentais com aqueles determinados pela simulação Monte Carlo. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Nelio Neves.pdf: 3219323 bytes, checksum: 942eb8a565f853723f37d1f40fe87298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / This text reports the effort to present a proposal of a power generation system based on cage rotor Induction Electrical Machine associated to a sinusoidally-switched PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) frequency converter responsible for maintaining constant 60 Hz frequency at the generator leads. DC side at the PWM converter is nonsynchronously connected to a single-phase utility line by means of a full-bridge current-fed thyristor inverter, employing a step-down DC-DC converter in order to turn the grid injected current into a sinusoidal waveform. The proposed system allows for the operation as cogenerator in sites fed by single-phase utility net where there is availability of energetic resources. The DC capacitor voltage (Vdc) is controlled through the DC side energy balance adjusting the amplitude of the active current sent to the utility grid. The control strategy employed was the analogic proportional-integral (PI) error compensation. The system is also able to act as reactive power compensator to the AC loads as the Cdc capacitor represents a voltage source to the inverter and the three-phase diode bridge allows for bidirectional power flow between AC and DC sides. Simulation and experimental results has corroborated system viability to provide three-phase balanced regulated voltages complying with ANEEL 505/2001 Resolution and with IEEE Std 519-1992. / Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de um sistema para geração de energia elétrica baseado na Máquina de Indução Trifásica (MIT) com rotor tipo gaiola de esquilo associada a um conversor de freqüência chaveado no modo PWM (modulação por largura de pulsos na sigla em inglês) senoidal. O lado CC do conversor de frequência é conectado assincronamente à rede monofásica da concessionária através de um inversor monofásico em ponte completa a tiristores, alimentado em corrente, e de um conversor CC-CC abaixador de tensão, utilizado para modular senoidalmente a corrente injetada na rede via inversor. Este sistema permite a operação como co-gerador em localidades alimentadas por linhas monofásicas e com disponibilidade de recursos energéticos. O conversor de freqüência é responsável por manter a freqüência fundamental nos terminais do gerador de indução fixa em 60 Hz. A tensão no capacitor Ccc (Vcc) é controlada através da manutenção do balanço energético no lado CC do conversor PWM, ajustando a amplitude da corrente ativa injetada na rede monofásica em um valor adequado. A estratégia empregada para implementação do controle foi a compensação analógica tipo proporcional-integral (PI) do erro de Vcc. O sistema é ainda capaz de atuar como compensador de potência reativa para as cargas CA, já que o capacitor Ccc representa uma fonte de tensão contínua para o inversor e a ponte trifásica a diodos permite o fluxo bidiredional de energia entre os lados CA e CC do sistema. Os resultados de simulação e experimentais sustentam a viabilidade do sistema para prover tensões trifásicas equilibradas e reguladas, satisfazendo os requisitos da resolução 505/2001 da ANEEL e da norma IEEE Std 519-1992 do IEEE/ANSI.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T14:04:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariliariosdepaula.pdf: 694561 bytes, checksum: 3234a2405fae49608f1264c5a8f6c696 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Bom dia! Por gentileza corrija as palavras-chave, apenas a primeira palavra deve ser iniciada em caixa alta. Obrigada! on 2016-06-28T14:28:22Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T14:35:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariliariosdepaula.pdf: 694561 bytes, checksum: 3234a2405fae49608f1264c5a8f6c696 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T15:49:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariliariosdepaula.pdf: 694561 bytes, checksum: 3234a2405fae49608f1264c5a8f6c696 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T15:49:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariliariosdepaula.pdf: 694561 bytes, checksum: 3234a2405fae49608f1264c5a8f6c696 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T15:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariliariosdepaula.pdf: 694561 bytes, checksum: 3234a2405fae49608f1264c5a8f6c696 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-26 / A presente pesquisa discute o ensino de razão como taxa enquanto parte da formação matemática dos estudantes do ensino fundamental. Nossa investigação tem como base teórica o Modelo dos Campos Semânticos que nos permitiu, através de seus pressupostos, o desenvolvimento da pesquisa de campo e do produto educacional. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar o ensino do tema razão como taxa na sala de aula de matemática do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental através da inserção de tarefas que estimulassem a produção de significados dos estudantes. O Produto Educacional, produzido a partir da pesquisa, resultou em um texto, voltado para o professor, sobre o tema Razão como taxa, indicando a importância do tema e sugerindo tarefas que podem ser utilizadas em salas de aula e em atividades de ensino. / This research discusses the teaching rate as tax as part of students ' mathematics education in elementary school. Our research is based on the theoretical Model of Semantic Fields which allowed us, through its assumptions, the development of field research and educational product. The study aimed to investigate the teaching of the subject rate as tax in the classroom of the 9th math grade by inserting tasks that stimulate the production of meanings of students. The Educational Product, produced from the survey, resulted in a text for the teacher, on the topic of Rate as Tax, indicating the importance of the subject and suggesting tasks that can be used in classrooms and in teaching activities.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-03T11:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mateusfreitasbraga.pdf: 1732565 bytes, checksum: f8ebb1cc4fe4d9ecbd9cc50ba3eb3f2a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T21:17:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mateusfreitasbraga.pdf: 1732565 bytes, checksum: f8ebb1cc4fe4d9ecbd9cc50ba3eb3f2a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T21:17:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mateusfreitasbraga.pdf: 1732565 bytes, checksum: f8ebb1cc4fe4d9ecbd9cc50ba3eb3f2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / Cresce a cada dia o n úmero de cargas não lineares conectadas aos diversos sistemas el étricos, seja em ní vel de transmissão ou distribui ção. Como consequência desse crescimento, e possí vel encontrar casos de consumidores enfrentando problemas relacionados a desarmes de disjuntores e sobreaquecimento de condutores, entre outros efeitos indesejados. Tomando um desses casos como base para este estudo, esta disserta ção tem o objetivo de avaliar e propor uma solu ção para uma rede monof asica real, que possivelmente e comum a outros consumidores. A carga monof ásica composta por lumin árias a LED (t picas cargas não lineares) e cargas indutivas se apresenta aos terminais da fonte com um comportamento de elevado conte udo harmônico (THD) de corrente e baixo fator de potência. Essa condi ção adversa pode ser mitigada de diversas maneiras, como por exemplo pela a ção de um fi ltro passivo,fi ltro ativo ou ainda fi ltro h brido (o qual e composto por uma combina ção dos dois primeiros). Ser a proposto nesta disserta ção uma metodologia de projeto relacionada a aplica ção de um fi ltro hi brido monof ásico visando corrigir o fator de potência e reduzir o conte udo harmônico de corrente presente na fonte, tomando como base as caracterí sticas do sistema avaliado em uma ind ústria gr áfi ca t ípica. Serão investigadas algumas con gura ções de filtros com o objetivo de mitigar problemas de Qualidade de Energia El étrica. Como consequência, ser a desenvolvida a an álise matem atica da topologia adotada e o projeto do controlador, baseado em um controlador proporcional-ressonante e na Teoria p-q Monof asica. A veri ca ção da solu ção proposta e sustentada pelos resultados de simula ção obtidos via software PSIM. / The amount of non-linear loads connected to the various electrical systems grows on a daily basis, regardless those loads are tied to a transmission or distribution bar. As a consequence of this growth, it is possible to nd cases of consumers facing problems such as tripping of breakers and cables overheating, among other undesired e ects. Taking one of these cases as the focus of this study, this dissertation aims to evaluate and propose a solution to a real single-phase system, which could be considered similar to other consumers. The single-phase load composed of LED luminaires (typical non-linear load) and inductive loads presents high THD and low power factor behavior at source terminals. This condition can be mitigated by using some well-known techniques, such as passive lters, active lters or hybrid lters, (which are composed by the combination of the former two). This Master document Thesis proposes a design methodology of a single-phase hybrid lter aiming power factor correction and reduction of the harmonic content of the current delivered by the AC power supply when feeding a typical printing factory. It will be reviewed and discussed some possible lter con gurations aimed to solve the case under evaluation. It is also included the mathematical analysis of the proposed topology, along with the design of the control system of the inverter. The Single-Phase p-q Theory is reviewed in order to design the control. The closed-loop control is desinged by a proportional-resonant compensator. Simulation results, by employing the PSIM software, are provided aiming to validate the solution proposed.

Dagvatten kallas det regn- och smältvatten som rinner av från hårdgjorda ytor i stadsmiljön. Detta vatten för ofta med sig stora mängder av föroreningar som tungmetaller, näringsämnen och oljerelaterade ämnen, vilka kan göra stor skada om de når recipienter. För att rena dagvattnet och därmed minska föroreningsbelastningen byggs det allt fler öppna dagvattensystem som t.ex. våtmarker och dammar. Studier har visat att dessa system har hög reningseffekt och dessutom är de kostnadseffektiva. Kunskapen om hur avskiljningen i dessa system fungerar och om hur de bäst utvärderas är dock begränsad. Kungsängsdammen utanför Uppsala är en nybyggd dagvattenanläggning som är avsedd att rena och fördröja dagvattnet från industri- och handelsområdet Boländerna. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utreda reningsfunktionen av anläggningen. Framför allt genomfördes flödesproportionell provtagning vid inlopp och utlopp under 8 veckor. Ämnen som analyserades var näringsämnena P och N, suspenderat material, tungmetallerna As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn och oljekolväten. Vid några tillfällen analyserades också de oljerelaterade organiska föreningarna PAH:er, oktyl- och nonylfenoler samt tributyltenn. Flödesproportionell provtagning rekommenderas för att säkert avgöra avskiljningseffektiviteten av en damm, men nackdelen är att den tar mycket tid och stora resurser i anspråk. Utöver denna metod genomfördes kompletterande mätningar med sedimentfällor samt en beräkning av föroreningsbelastning vid inloppet med programmet StormTac. Den flödesproportionella provtagningen visade att Kungsängsdammen fungerar väl som avskiljningsanläggning för föroreningar. Suspenderat material, näringsämnen och tungmetaller avskiljs effektivt och utloppshalterna understiger föreslagna riktvärden för dagvatten. Detta trots att både zink, koppar, kväve och suspenderat material hade inloppshalter som låg över riktvärdena. Flödesberäkningar visade att andelen av flödet som bräddas i bypass-diket förbi dammen är viktig vid bedömning av avskiljningseffektiviteten. För organiska föreningar uppmättes tributyltenn i halter över miljökvalitetsnormen för ytvatten både vid inlopp och vid utlopp. Inloppskoncentrationer framräknade i StormTac gav överensstämmande resultat med den flödesproportionella provtagningen för tungmetaller och näringsämnen. Vidare visade undersökningen av sediment att sedimentationen sker främst i fördiket och i inloppet till dammen. Fördiket är i stort behov av rensning, då sediment riskerar att spolas bort vid höga flöden. / Stormwater is the name for rainwater and snowmelt runoff from impervious surfaces in the urban environment. This water often carries large amounts of pollutants such as heavy metals, nutrients, and oil-related substances, which can cause great damage if they reach the receiving waters. To clean the storm water and thus reduce the pollution load, more and more open storm water systems are being built, such as wetlands and ponds. Studies have shown that these systems have high pollutant removal efficiency and are cost effective. Knowledge of how these systems work and how they best are evaluated is limited. “Kungsängsdammen” near Uppsala is a newly constructed stormwater facility that is designed to clean and retard stormwater from the industrial and commercial area Boländerna. This thesis aims to investigate the purification function of the facility. Flow proportional sampling was carried out at the inlet and outlet for 8 weeks. Substances that were analyzed were nutrients P and N, suspended solids, heavy metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn and petroleum hydrocarbons. On some occasions, the petroleum-related organic parameters PAHs, octyl and nonylphenols and tributyltin were analyzed. Flow proportional sampling is recommended to determine the efficiency of a stormwater pond, but the problem is that it takes much time and considerable resources. In addition to this method, additional measurements were carried out with sediment traps, and a calculation of pollution load at the inlet with the program StormTac. The flow proportional sampling showed that the “Kungsängsdammen” pond-, functions well as a treatment facility for pollutions. Suspended solids, nutrients and heavy metals are separated effectively and the outlet concentrations for these substances were below proposed guideline values. This is observed, despite the fact that zinc, copper, nitrogen and suspended solids had intake concentrations above the guideline values. Flow calculations showed that the bypass flow is important when estimating the pollutant removal efficiency. For organic compounds, tributyltin was measured at concentrations above the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for surface water both at the inlet and outlet. The inlet concentrations that were calculated in StormTac were consistent with the results of the flow proportional sampling for heavy metals and nutrients. Moreover, the investigation of sediments showed that sedimentation occurs mainly in the ditch before the pond and at the inlet to the pond. The ditch is in need of cleansing, because of the risk of sediment being washed away during high flows. The flow proportional sampling showed that the “Kungsängsdammen” pond-, functions wellas a treatment facility for pollutions. Suspended solids, nutrients and heavy metals are separated effectively and the outlet concentrations for these substances were below proposedguideline values. This is observed, despite the fact that zinc, copper, nitrogen and suspended solids had intake concentrations above the guideline values. Flow calculations showed that the bypass flow is important when estimating the pollutant removal efficiency. For organiccompounds, tributyltin was measured at concentrations above the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for surface water both at the inlet and outlet. The inlet concentrations that were calculated in StormTac were consistent with the results of the flow proportional sampling for heavy metals and nutrients. Moreover, the investigation of sediments showedthat sedimentation occurs mainly in the ditch before the pond and at the inlet to the pond. The ditch is in need of cleansing, because of the risk of sediment being washed away during high flows.

En présence de plans de sondage complexes, les méthodes classiques d’estimation de la variance présentent certains défis. En effet, les estimateurs de variance usuels requièrent les probabilités d’inclusion d’ordre deux qui peuvent être complexes à obtenir pour certains plans de sondage. De plus, pour des raisons de confidentialité, les fichiers externes de microdonnées n’incluent généralement pas les probabilités d’inclusion d’ordre deux (souvent sous la forme de poids bootstrap). En s’inspirant d’une approche développée par Ohlsson (1998) dans le contexte de l’échantillonnage de Poisson séquentiel, nous proposons un estimateur ne requérant que les probabilités d’inclusion d’ordre un. L’idée est d’approximer la stratégie utilisée par l’enquête (consistant du choix d’un plan de sondage et d’un estimateur) par une stratégie équivalente dont le plan de sondage est le plan de Poisson. Nous discuterons des plans proportionnels à la taille avec ou sans grappes. Les résultats d’une étude par simulation seront présentés. / In a complex design framework, standard variance estimation methods entail substantial challenges. As we know, conventional variance estimators involve second order inclusion probabilities, which can be difficult to compute for some sampling designs. Also, confidentiality standards generally prevent second order inclusion probabilities to be included in external microdata files (often in the form of bootstrap weights). Based on Ohlsson’s sequential Poisson sampling method (1998), we suggest a simplified estimator for which we only need first order inclusion probabilities. The idea is to approximate a survey strategy (which consists of a sampling design and an estimator) by an equivalent strategy for which a Poisson sampling design is used. We will discuss proportional to size sampling and proportional to size cluster sampling. Results of a simulation study will be presented.

La thèse propose quatre contributions sur la méthode axiomatique. Les trois premiers chapitres utilisent le formalisme des jeux coopératifs à utilité transférable. Dans les deux premiers chapitres, une étude systématique de l'opération de nullification est menée. Les axiomes de retraits sont transformés en axiomes de nullification. Des caractérisations existantes de règles d’allocation sont revisitées, et des résultats totalement neufs sont présentés. Le troisième chapitre introduit et caractérise une valeur de Shapley proportionnelle, où les dividendes d’Harsanyi sont partagés en proportion des capacités des singletons concernés. Le quatrième chapitre propose une variante multi-dimensionnelle de l’indice de Hirsch. Une caractérisation axiomatique et une application aux classements sportifs sont fournies. / The dissertation provides four contributions on the axiomatic method. The first three chapters deal with cooperative games with transferable utility. In the first two chapters, a systematic study of the nullification operation is done. The removal axioms are translated into their nullified counterparts. Some existing characterizations are revisited, and completely new results are presented. The third chapter introduces and characterizes a proportional Shapley value in which the Harsanyi dividends are shared in proportion to the stand-alone worths of the concerned players. The fourth chapter proposes a multi-dimensional variant of the Hirsch index. An axiomatic characterization and an application to sports rankings are provided.

En ventilation assistée, les interactions patient-ventilateur, qui sont associés au pronostic, dépendent pour partie des algorithmes de ventilation. Objectifs : Caractériser l'intérêt potentiel des nouveaux algorithmes de ventilation dans l'optimisation des interactions patient-ventilateur : 1) en ventilation invasive, deux modes et leurs algorithmes nous ont semblé novateurs et nous avons cherché à personnaliser l'assistance du ventilateur en fonction de l'effort respiratoire du patient au cours de ces modes proportionnels : ventilation assistée proportionnelle (PAV+) et ventilation assistée neurale (NAVA) ; 2) en ventilation non-invasive (VNI) nous avons évalué si les algorithmes VNI des ventilateurs de réanimation et des ventilateurs dédiés à la VNI diminuaient l'incidence des asynchronies patient-ventilateur. Méthodes : 1) En PAV+ nous avons décrit un moyen de recalculer le pic de pression musculaire réalisée par le patient à chaque inspiration à partir du gain réglé et de la pression des voies aériennes monitorée par le respirateur. Nous avons alors évalué la faisabilité clinique d'ajuster l'assistance en ciblant un intervalle jugé normal de pression musculaire. 2) Nous avons comparé une titration de l'assistance en NAVA et en aide inspiratoire (AI) en se basant sur les indices d'effort respiratoire. 3 et 4) En VNI, nous avons évalué l'incidence des asynchronies patient-ventilateur avec et sans l'utilisation d'algorithmes VNI : sur banc d'essai au cours de conditions expérimentales reproduisant la présence de fuites autour de l'interface ; en clinique chez des patients de réanimation. Résultats : En PAV+, ajuster le gain dans le but de cibler un effort respiratoire normal était faisable, simple et souvent suffisant pour ventiler les patients depuis le sevrage de la ventilation mécanique jusqu'à l'extubation. En NAVA, l'analyse des indices d'effort respiratoire a permis de préciser les bornes d'utilisation et de comparer les interactions patient-ventilateur avec l'AI dans des intervalles d'assistance semblables. En VNI, nos données pointaient l'hétérogénéité des algorithmes VNI sur les ventilateurs de réanimation et retrouvaient une meilleure synchronisation patient-ventilateur avec l'utilisation de ventilateurs dédiés à la VNI pour des qualités de pressurisation par ailleurs identiques. Conclusions : En ventilation invasive, personnaliser l'assistance des modes proportionnels optimise les interactions patient-ventilateur et il est possible de cibler une zone d'effort respiratoire normale en PAV+. En VNI, les ventilateurs dédiés améliorent la synchronisation patient-ventilateur plus encore que les algorithmes VNI sur les ventilateurs de réanimation, dont l'efficacité varie grandement selon le ventilateur considéré. / During assisted mechanical ventilation, patient-ventilator interactions, which are associated with outcome, partly depend on ventilation algorithms.Objectives: : 1) during invasive mechanical ventilation, two modes offered real innovations and we wanted to assess whether the assistance could be customized depending on the patient's respiratory effort during proportional ventilatory modes: proportional assist ventilation with load-adjustable gain factors (PAV+) and neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA); 2) during noninvasive ventilation (NIV): to assess whether NIV algorithms implemented on ICU and dedicated NIV ventilators decrease the incidence of patient-ventilator asynchrony.Methods: 1) In PAV+ we described a way to calculate the muscle pressure value from the values of both the gain adjusted by the clinician and the airway pressure. We then assessed the clinical feasibility of adjusting the gain with the goal of maintaining the muscle pressure within a normal range. 2) We compared titration of assistance between neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) based on respiratory effort indices. During NIV, we assessed the incidence of patient-ventilator asynchrony with and without the use of NIV algorithms: 1) using a bench model; 2) and in the clinical settings.Results: During PAV+, adjusting the gain with the goal of targeting a normal range of respiratory effort was feasible, simple, and most often sufficient to ventilate patients from the onset of partial ventilatory support until extubation. During NAVA, the analysis of respiratory effort indices allowed us to precise the boundaries within which the NAVA level should be adjusted and to compare patient-ventilator interactions with PSV within similar ranges of assistance. During NIV, our data stressed the heterogeneity of NIV algorithms implemented on ICU ventilators. We therefore reported that dedicated NIV ventilators allowed better patient-ventilator synchronization than ICU ventilators, even with their NIV algorithms engaged.Conclusions: During invasive mechanical ventilation, customizing the assistance during proportional ventilatory modes with the goal of targeting a normal range of respiratory effort optimizes patient-ventilator interactions and is feasible with PAV+. During NIV, dedicated NIV ventilators allow better patient-ventilator synchrony than ICU ventilators, even with their NIV algorithm engaged. ICU ventilators' NIV algorithms efficiency is however highly variable among ventilators.

This diploma thesis deals with economic analysis of the company Kofola, a.s. during the years 2009 - 2013. Thesis is divided into strategic and financial analyses, which are based on the external user perspective using the publicly available accounts only. In the strategic analysis, we examine micro-vicinity and macro-vicinity of the company. The financial analysis brings absolute, differencial and ratio indicators. In addition, the analysis contains the pyramid decomopositon of the return on equity, economic value added, the solvency and insolvency models, SWOT analysis and inter-company comparison. At the end of this thesis, the results of implementation of the economic analysis are summarized.

This Master´s thesis focuses on analyzing a firm of my choosing. More specifically, it is a limited liability firm operating in the fields of architecture, design and construction. Using both external and internal analysis, including other selected analyses and their results, it clarifies the firm's position in the market in which it operates and evaluates its overall condition and structure. The conclusion advises on several proposals that lead to the overall improved state of the chosen firm.