王建慧. / 手稿本, 複本據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben, fu ben ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references: leaves 86-129 (1st group) / Wang Jianhui. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 自序 / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言篇 / Chapter 第一節 --- 馬王堆三號墓出土經過 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 帛書《周易》內容闡述 --- p.10 / Chapter 第三節 --- 帛書《周易》年代蠡測 --- p.22 / Chapter 第四節 --- 帛書《周易》異文研究述評 --- p.32 / Chapter 第二章 --- 字音篇 / Chapter 第一節 --- 前言 --- p.40 / Chapter 第二節 --- 通假字論 --- p.51 / Chapter 第三節 --- 通假字之類別 --- p.61 / Chapter 第四節 --- 通假字之個別考察 --- p.170 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.221 / Chapter 第三章 --- 字義篇 / Chapter 第一節 --- 實字之部 --- p.225 / Chapter A --- 帛書本與今本文字相異諸例 / Chapter 1 --- 今本優於帛書本諸例 --- p.226 / Chapter 2 --- 帛書本優於今本諸例 --- p.237 / Chapter 3 --- 今本及帛書本均可通諸例 --- p.252 / Chapter B --- 帛書本較今本多字諸例 / Chapter 1 --- 今本優於帛書本諸例 --- p.283 / Chapter 2 --- 帛書本優於今本諸例 --- p.304 / Chapter 3 --- 今本及帛書本均可通諸例 --- p.329 / Chapter C --- 帛書本較今本少字諸例 / Chapter 1 --- 今本優於帛書本諸例 --- p.351 / Chapter 2 --- 今本及帛書本均可通一例 --- p.375 / Chapter 第二節 --- 虛字之部 --- p.394 / Chapter A --- 帛書本虛字多於今本諸例 / Chapter 1 --- 今本優於帛書本一例 --- p.395 / Chapter 2 --- 帛書本優於今本二例 --- p.397 / Chapter B --- 帛書本虛字少於今本諸例 / Chapter 1 --- 今本優於帛書本諸例 --- p.404 / Chapter 2 --- 今本及帛書本均可通諸例 --- p.423 / Chapter 第四章 --- 字形篇 / Chapter 第一節 --- 字形訛誤 --- p.438 / Chapter 第二節 --- 異體字 --- p.469 / Chapter 結語 --- p.473 / Chapter 附錄 --- p.483 / Chapter 一 --- 今本及帛書本《周易》經文對鈔表 --- p.1 / Chapter 二 --- 參考及徵引書目舉要 --- p.86

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Mendes de Moraes / Banca: Claudio Aquati / Banca: Marcelo Modolo / Banca: Sandra Aparecida Ferreira / Banca: Fabiano Rodrigo da Silva Santos / Resumo: Fruto do cotejo de três edições não póstumas do romance Innocencia, esta tese objetiva, à luz da leitura da Epistula ad Pisones, de Horácio, demonstrar e analisar o processo de reelaboração textual realizado pelo Visconde de Taunay em sua obra mais famosa. O estudo busca responder aos seguintes questionamentos: Por que e como Innocencia se transformou? O método utilizado para tal objetivo baseia-se nas orientações da crítica textual e da crítica genética, compondo uma amostragem (demonstratio) resultante do trabalho com cinco capítulos retirados da primeira, segunda e quarta edições do romance, publicadas em 1872, 1884 e 1899, respectivamente, culminando na collatio, que eliminou a terceira edição do processo por ser cópia da segunda. O recorte estipulado na eleição de cinco capítulos permite que se contemple a extensão do romance, haja vista que foram selecionados do início, meio e final da narrativa (capítulos 1,8,15, 23 e 30). O cotejo das edições revela a constante preocupação e insatisfação de Taunay com seu texto, primeiramente em virtude de sua autocrítica, alicerçada na formação intelectual e artística recebida da família; também em relação ao consciente desejo e expectativa quanto à recepção do romance pelo público e, por fim, pela aguardada aceitação e pronunciamento por parte da crítica especializada. Sustentamos a tese de que esses três aspectos tenham se coadunado para a opção pela reescrita do romance a partir da segunda edição (1884), na qual se comprova que o ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Being the result of the collation of three non-posthumous editions of the novel Innocencia, this thesis intends to demonstrate and analyze, through the reading of Horace's Epistula ad Pisones, the rewriting process of the most famous work by the Viscount of Taunay. This study has the objective of answering the following questions: why and how Innocencia was changed? The methodology to achieve such goal was based on principles of Textual and Genetic Criticisms, with a selection (demonstratio) from five chapters from the first, second and fourth editions of the novel, published in 1872, 1884 and 1899, respectively. The collatio resulting from that eliminated the third edition from the selection, that edition being identical to the second one. The selection of five chapters allows for an assessment of the novel in its entirety, choosing samples from its beginning, middle and end (chapters 1, 8, 15, 23 and 30). The collation of the editions reveals Taunay's constant concern and dissatisfaction with his text, first by virtue of his self-criticism, grounded in the intellectual and artistic education from his family. In addition to that, it was revealed the author's expectations regarding the reception of the novel by the public and, finally, an expected acceptance by the specialized critics. We support the thesis that these three aspects were the motivation for the author to opt to rewrite the novel as of the second edition (1884), which shows a significantly modified text that is the basis for the future changes of the fourth edition (1899). The contact with the documents of the process reveals an artistic project based on rationality and guided by classic precepts of Horace's lessons in his Epistula... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

CARVALHO, Ednúsia Pinto de. Os marcadores metadiscursivos em textos didáticos especializados: um estudo em corpora em língua alemã. 2005. 114 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Lingüística Aplicada, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2005. / Submitted by anizia almeida (aniziaalmeida80@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T12:03:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_epdecarvalho.pdf: 563063 bytes, checksum: d1992af753324381e9e95733a5134b76 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-09T16:58:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_epdecarvalho.pdf: 563063 bytes, checksum: d1992af753324381e9e95733a5134b76 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-09T16:58:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_epdecarvalho.pdf: 563063 bytes, checksum: d1992af753324381e9e95733a5134b76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / This dissertation describes and explains the functions and the frequency of the textual metadiscourse markers: (1) “reformulative markers of explanation” (2) “reformulative markers of correction (or repair)”, (3) “reformulative markers of exemplification”, and (4) interpersonal markers (relational and personal). Our assumption is that the presence of these markers in didactic texts could reduce the information density which would facilitate the reading process. In order to perform this investigation, the following materials on reading comprehension were used: the book “Didaktik des Lesevertehens” and the distance learning module “Fertigkeit Lesen” both written in German by Westhoff. This research is based on the studies of Hoffmann (1998), Textual Terminology, and Hyland (1998), Metadiscourse. To gather and analyze the data, we utilized Corpus Linguistics methodology, especially a computational tool called WordSmith (Scott, 1997). The research results suggest that a more pronounced use of metadiscourse markers may improve reading comprehension and increase interaction between readers and writers. Finally, this study aims to help the German for Specific Purposes (GSP) teachers to understand the specialized texts as a product and a tool of a specific specialized communication within a communicative context. / Esta dissertação descreve e explica as funções e a freqüência dos marcadores do metadiscurso textual: (1) reformulativos explicativos; (2) reformulativos de correção; (3) reformulativos de exemplificação e os marcadores do metadiscurso interpessoal (relacionais e pessoais) em textos didatizados. Para a investigação desses marcadores, foi selecionado o módulo de ensino a distância Fertigkeit Lesen (a compreensão leitora) e o livro Didaktik des Leseverstehens (didática da compreensão leitora) ambos escritos em alemão por Westhoff. Partimos do pressuposto de que a presença desses marcadores no texto didático especializado reduziria o grau de densidade informacional. Esta pesquisa se insere na área do estudo dos textos especializados, seguindo os pressupostos teóricos da Terminologia Textual (Hoffmann 1998), bem como dos estudos do Metadiscurso (Hyland, 1998). Na análise e tratamento dos dados, utilizamos os princípios metodológicos da Lingüística de Corpus. Desta forma, para o levantamento dos dados obtivemos listas de palavras dos textos e listas de concordâncias, utilizando a ferramenta computacional WordSmith Tools (Scott,1997). Conforme os resultados, o uso dos marcadores metadiscursivos, em textos didáticos especializados, guia o leitor na compreensão dos conteúdos informacionais e ajuda a construir a interação entre o autor e o leitor, além de reduzir a carga cognitiva informacional. Esse estudo espera auxiliar o professor de Alemão para Fins Específicos a entender os textos especializados como produto e instrumento de uma determinada comunicação especializada, inserida em um cenário comunicativo.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T19:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 000388578-Texto+Completo+Anexos+A-F-1.pdf: 21203698 bytes, checksum: ad7a613268862ed7736070a82b0a1595 (MD5) 000388578-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 1736060 bytes, checksum: 0c43b1a05c7efe8e85e4d24087af0407 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The present paper aims at the investigation of synonymy and texture, looking, on the one side, into the study and the analysis of synonymy as a tie-based category, which is a mechanism of lexical cohesion and, on the other, into its use in the texture of texts, examining the contribution of synonymy to texture in written argumentative texts. In this respect, initially, it revises the theoretical fundaments provided by authors, especially Halliday and Hasan (1976) and Hasan (1984,1989) as well as it presents the stand taken, in this work, regarding textual cohesion, lexical cohesion, texture and synonymy. Next, it examines the cohesive categories by ties, proposed with taxonomic description purposes with the intent to evaluate texture; it describes the procedures to determine the degree of texture; and it analyzes synonymy, based on the proposed conception and classification, catering for the synonymy degree found by groups of texts that make up the corpus: by academicians, by professionals and by newspaper collaborating writers. The data are presented in absolute and relative values, averages, standard deviations and variation coefficients. The relationship between variables is assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and by the determination coefficient in order to check for the contribution made by the degree of synonymy to texture within the analyzed text universe. The quantitative indexes result in a qualitative analysis that points out the importance of synonymy in textual cohesion, not only ensuring the continuity and the semantic and organizational progression of the text but also contributing with its texture. Therefore, the findings of the research point out the relevance of synonymy as a referential expression and its productivity in the elaboration of the opinions texts, standing out as a cohesive component for the meaning of the text. Besides that, this study may serve by proposed theoretical-methodological framework to the treatment of synonymy as a category by tie per excellence and its role to texture. / Esta tese tem como objeto de investigação a sinonímia e a textura, detendose, por um lado, no estudo e na análise da sinonímia como categoria por elo, que se constitui em um mecanismo da coesão lexical, e, por outro, no seu emprego na textura do texto, examinando a contribuição da sinonímia para a textura em textos escritos argumentativos. Para isso, inicialmente, revisa os fundamentos teóricos fornecidos por estudiosos, especialmente Halliday e Hasan (1976) e Hasan (1984,1989), bem como apresenta a posição adotada neste trabalho, no que se refere à coesão textual, coesão lexical, textura e sinonímia. A seguir, examina as categorias coesivas por elos, propostas para fins de descrição taxonômica com o intuito de avaliar a textura; descreve os procedimentos para determinar o grau de textura; e analisa a sinonímia, com base na concepção e classificação propostas, fornecendo o grau de sinonímia evidenciado por grupos de textos do corpus: de acadêmicos, de profissionais e de escritorescolaboradores de jornal. Os dados são apresentados em valores absolutos e relativos, médias, desvios-padrão e coeficientes de variação. O relacionamento entre variáveis é avaliado pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e pelo coeficiente de determinação, para se verificar a contribuição do grau de sinonímia na textura no universo textual analisado. Os índices quantitativos resultam na análise qualitativa que aponta para a importância da sinonímia na coesão textual, não só assegurando a continuidade e a progressão semântica e organizacional do texto, como também contribuindo para a sua textura. Assim, os resultados da pesquisa indicam a relevância da sinonímia como expressão referencial e a sua produtividade na elaboração de textos opinativos, ressaltando- a como componente coesivo para o sentido do texto. Além disso, este estudo contribui pelo modelo teórico-metodológico proposto para o tratamento da sinonímia como uma categoria por elo por excelência e o seu papel para a textura.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, 2008. / Submitted by Luana Patrícia de Oliveira Porto (luana_porto_23@hotmail.com) on 2010-03-11T17:31:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MeireluceLeitePimenta.pdf: 1016847 bytes, checksum: 65553930115468a9fb583e5a124195a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Carolina Campos(carolinacamposmaia@gmail.com) on 2010-03-16T17:04:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MeireluceLeitePimenta.pdf: 1016847 bytes, checksum: 65553930115468a9fb583e5a124195a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-03-16T17:04:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MeireluceLeitePimenta.pdf: 1016847 bytes, checksum: 65553930115468a9fb583e5a124195a7 (MD5) / O letramento do surdo particulariza pelo menos duas questões importantes: o processo de aquisição do português na modalidade escrita, como segunda língua, e a competência cognitiva que essa aquisição requer. Assumindo a função sócio-comunicativa do texto, desenvolvemos um estudo comparativo com surdos e ouvintes universitários com enfoque na sua produção e compreensão textual. O nosso objetivo foi analisar em que medida as particularidades da aquisição do português por estes sujeitos influenciam a sua compreensão textual. A nossa suposição era de que o sistema lingüístico alfabético poderia ser acessado pela codificação fonológica e pela codificação visual. Cinco estudantes universitários surdos entre 26 e 31 anos de idade e cinco estudantes universitários ouvintes entre 20 e 29 anos de idade participaram do estudo. Os sujeitos foram convidados a ler um texto jornalístico (de natureza argumentativa) e a responder, individualmente, a um protocolo com vistas na obtenção, por escrito, de informações sobre a sua compreensão textual. As respostas, consideradas como texto escrito, foram submetidas à análise gramatical e se extraíram as proposições, tomadas como a menor unidade de sentido. Os resultados evidenciaram que: a) quatro surdos e quatro ouvintes conseguiram acessar os argumentos apresentados no texto, o que caracteriza a compreensão textual e os demais apresentaram dificuldades na interlocução com o texto; b) surdos utilizam o processamento visual e a estrutura da língua de sinais na produção escrita, o que é diferente do processamento fonológico de decodificação dos ouvintes. Discute-se a necessidade de uma metodologia de ensino de segunda língua que se fundamente primeiramente no processamento visual e em segundo lugar no desenvolvimento da consciência sintática e morfossintática. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The lettering of the deaf people particularizes at least two important questions: the process of the Portuguese language acquisition in the written modality, as second language, and the cognitive competence that this acquisition needs. Assuming the social and communicative functions of the text, we developed a comparative study with deaf and hearing university students focusing their textual production and comprehension. Our objective was to analyze how the particularities of acquiring Portuguese could influence their textual comprehension. Our supposition is that the language alphabetic system could be accessed by the phonological and visual coding. Five deaf university students between 26 and 31 years old and five hearing university students, between 20 and 29 years old participated of the study. The people were asked to read a journalist text (that had an argumentative nature) and to answer, individually, a protocol, which would obtain the written information about their textual comprehension. The answers considered written text were grammatically analyzed and the following propositions were extracted, considered as the least unity of sense. The results evidenced that: a) four deaf and four hearing could access the arguments presented in the text what characterizes the textual comprehension. The others had difficulties in the interlocution with the text. b) the deaf people used the visual process and the sign language structure in the written production what is different of the hearing phonological processing of decoding. We discuss the necessity of a teaching methodology of a second language based firstly in the visual processing and after in the syntactic and morpho-syntactic awereness developing.

No description available.

This thesis presents the results of an experiment into the automatic selection of concordance lines from very large corpora. Corpora now exist which are in excess of 100 million words in size, but the increase in size of corpora brings with it certain problems. These problems are discussed in the light of information obtained from professional corpus users and the continuing centrality of the concordance as the main means of interpreting the contents of the corpus is highlighted. A possible means of overcoming the problems associated with the use of large corpora is presented. This solution is based upon software which was designed for the purposes of textual abridgement, this being carried out via an automatic analysis of lexico-cohesive bonds within the text. An analogy is drawn between conventional text and concordances; this analogy is then further explored by processing sets of concordance lines with the modified abridgement software. In order to determine the success of the approach in identifying concordance lines which illustrate key features of the node word, an evaluation exercise is carried out, involving expert corpus users as respondents.

No description available.

To my knowledge there has been no thoroughgoing eclectic study of the text of any New Testament book, although the principles of eclectic textual criticism have been applied to individual readings. This thesis attempts to provide a study of all the known variant readings in the Greek text of the Pastoral Epistles. To this end, a full critical apparatus has been compiled and a discussion on each variant reading is provided with the object of establishing the original text and of explaining how variants arose. The theory, on which these discussions are based is found in an introductory chapter. This introduction begins by arguing that previous methods of textual criticism based largely on the "cult of the best manuscript" are untenable and unreliable nowadays- due partly to the growing realisation that no one manuscript or group of manuscripts contains the original text. Many scholars realise that the original reading may be found in any given manuscript. The implication of this is of course that the peculiar readings of every manuscript must (ultimately) be examined. The principles for such an eclectic study then follow. These emphasise the need for an awareness of how scribes worked and how palaeography often caused variation in a text. It is also shown how Atticism was sometimes responsible for variant readings. This section of the Introduction also indicates how scribes often made deliberate alterations in a text they were copying in order to avoid a theological or grammatical expression they found offensive. It is also argued in this section how an awareness of the author's style can often enable the textual critic to reestablish the original text. The Introduction closes with a discussion of the positive advantages of the eclectic method of textual criticism. Among these advantages are (l) that the original text is established independently of purely documentary evidence, (2) that a full commentary on the critical apparatus is written, and (3) that the behaviour and reliability of manuscripts can be seen. There then follows a discussion on all the variant readings in "I Timothy","II Timothy" and "Titus". The variants are arranged in verse order with the exception of the variants involving δε, Καϲ and the Divine Names, which are discussed for convenience in Appendices. Each page of variants is headed by a critical apparatus showing Greek, Versional and Patristic evidence. Beneath each apparatus appears a discussion on the variant: this discussion is based on the principles outlined in the introductory chapter, and without regard to the "weight" of the manuscript support. In Appendix I the author's use of the Divine Names ΙϹ ΧϹ, ΚϹ and ΘϹ is established and a discussion on the variants involving these titles follows. It is, for instance, argued that strict grammatical regulations governed the author in his use of arthrous or anarthrous ΚϹ and ΘϹ, and in the order of writing ΙϹ ΧϹ. Appendix II contains the discussion of variants involving the addition and omission of Και. It is argued that many instances of are original, but that scribes tended to reduce the frequent use of Και, which characterises the style both of the author of the Pastorals and of Koine Greek. Appendix III deals with the variants omitting or adding δε. It is found that many instances of δε are secondary, and have been added by scribes to avoid asyndeton. Because the critical apparatus in this thesis contains a larger number of manuscripts than any previous critical apparatus of the Pastoral Epistles, many of the statements made in Wordsworth and White's apparatus to the N. T. in Latin are inaccurate. Appendix IV lists such inaccuracies and in particular shows how many variants known to Wordsworth and White in only Latin manuscripts, are now known to have Greek support. Appendix V is concerned with the work of Westcott and Hort. These two scholars championed the merits of the readings of the manuscripts S and B for their New Testament text. This appendix begins with a list of readings followed by Westcott and Hort in the Pastorals. A commentary on the list shows that in the absence of B for the Pastorals, Westcott and Hort tended to follow the readings of SAC, but that the readings of other manuscripts were sometimes heeded. A statistical survey concludes this appendix and shows the extent to which Westcott and Hort used S, A or C. The final two appendices are concerned with the results of the thesis. First, in Appendix VT, an attempt is made to show how the text of the Pastoral Epistles resulting from a purely eclectic treatment of the variants differs from existing printed editions of these epistles. To this end, the readings I accept as original on the basis of the discussions in the main body of the thesis are collated against the readings of the Textus Receptus, Lachmann, Tischendorf, Tegelles, Nestlé and Westcott and Hort. The readings, which have not appeared in any printed edition, are then listed together with their manuscript support. There are about 65 such readings, most of them supported by by several manuscripts - only a few are supported by a few or late witnesses: only three readings are accepted without Greek support. Some of the readings concern word-order, others orthography, but in general most are of a grammatical or syntactical nature, and thus the resulting text differs but little from printed editions. Perhaps the most significant reading is the acceptance of νδρωπινοϛ 1 Tim. 1:15 and 3:1 sncL the acceptance of the longer reading at Titus 2:7. Very occasionally the discussion on variants does not yield a confident conclusion, and these readings are listed separately in Appendix VI. The basic contention in the Introduction is that no confidence can be placed in the exclusive reliability of any one manuscript or manuscript grouping. This led to the discussion on variants based on principles, which were not purely documentary. Appendix VII shows the justification of that basic contention. The main uncial manuscripts and the bulk of the minuscules are examined in this appendix, and it is shown how often and where they preserve the correct reading, and how often they preserve the wrong reading. Where they preserve the original text, the allegiences of the manuscript axe noted. It is concluded that, in general, it is impossible to establish groupings of manuscripts. The final assessment is (l) that no one manuscript preserves the monopoly of truth, (2) that, because of their capriciousness, certain manuscripts (such as S A C) can not be relied on automatically, and (3) that any one manuscript (however untrustworthy basically) may preserve the original reading.

No description available.