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This thesis design explores the integration of traditional temple architecture with modern design principles. The study focuses on reinterpreting and modernizing traditional elements using contemporary materials and building techniques, while still preserving traditional religious culture and elements. The research commences with the analysis of traditional temple architecture, encompassing aspects such as spatial layout, key elements, and architectural techniques. It then delves into various methods of integrating these traditional features with modern elements. The design shows how traditional temple architecture can be modernized to fit today's urban environments. By blending time-tested designs with contemporary innovations, can create spaces that honor the past while serving the present and future. / Master of Architecture / The environment in which we live has undergone tremendous changes with the development of our society. However, traditional temples in China have always maintained their classic methods. This thesis primarily focuses on exploring how to modernize traditional Chinese temples and traditional temple elements. The thesis began by studying traditional temples, including their spatial layout, traditional styles, and historical background. Then, the thesis studied modernization methods through exploring permutation and combination, extraction and reconstruction of elements. Finally, it determined the design to modernize traditional elements in order to better integrate them into modern social spaces.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative certification instruction in a public education environment. In addition, the study compared traditional certification instruction to alternative certification instruction on the basis of educational quality. Due to increasing teacher shortages across the country, the search for an alternative route of certification has generated ideological debates revolving around the supply and demand of potential teachers, educational quality, and the potential of alternative means of teacher procurement. There are myriad arguments in support of and against alternative certification programs. This study evaluated the perceived effectiveness of alternatively certified teachers in a public education environment by comparing principal's perceptions of traditional certification instruction to alternative certification instruction existent with their region, on the basis of educational quality. Survey research was used to determine perceptions which Hampton Roads principals who have, or who have had, responsibility for supervision of alternatively and traditionally certified personnel. It focused on 40 statements comparing traditionally certified teachers and alternatively certified teachers. It included such factors as pedagogical content knowledge, classroom management and instruction, behavior management, attitude, life experience, professionalism, professional development and evaluation. A series of 40 independent t-tests and a factor analysis were accomplished utilizing the data derived from these surveys. Results of this study indicated that the perceptions among Hampton Roads principals differ significantly regarding the effectiveness of alternatively certified teachers from those of previous research. Demographic data found these perceptions exist with principals of all school levels and are not related to the principal's years of experience, formal education or student enrollment. Ninety five percent of the 40 comparative statements favor those teachers achieving certification through traditional certification programs. Areas that reflected particularly substantial differences were content knowledge, instructional planning, and classroom discipline. Recommendations for practice include but are not limited to standardized supervision of alternative certification programs, quality screening of applicants, quality mentor programs, standardized and subsidized student teaching, competency testing, formalized state and district assessment and quality recruitment. / Ed. D.

Since the release of A Nation at Risk in 1983 student performance on a variety of high stakes tests have become increasingly important in educational settings. The results of this type of assessment are quantifiable, and are intended to indicate certain levels of academic performance and achievement. Advanced Placement (AP) Exams are one example of high stakes tests. With the rapid growth of Advanced Placement (AP) courses and the corresponding popularity of the AP Exams there is a need in the research to identify specific variables that may be influential to AP Exam score performance. Course schedule type, either in the 4⨉4 block or traditional yearlong format, has been examined as a variable that influences student AP Exam score performance. In some studies the implementation of a 4⨉4 block in place of a traditional yearlong course schedule type resulted in increased AP Exam score performance, while in other studies replacement of a traditional yearlong course schedule by a 4⨉4 block course schedule type resulted in decreased AP Exam score performance. The limitations in the existing research present a need for more controlled studies using multiple years of data to further examine the relationship between clearly identified course schedule types and AP Exam score performance. In response to the need, this research performed a controlled study and examined the relationship between three specific course schedule types and AP Exam performance over time. This study analyzed sample data using participants (N=428) from a single institution in a southeastern state in the United States enrolled in the same AP course subject, taught by the same instructor, and who completed the same subject AP Exam over multiple years (2008-2012). / Ph. D.

This research uses a mixed methods approach to analyze recent climate and land use changes, and farmers\' perceptions of climate change and its impacts on traditional agriculture in the village of Keur Samba Guéye (KSG). This work looks at the influence of social beliefs in adoption of new strategies by small farmers in this region, a topic that has received little or no study to date. Traditional agriculture in KSG is not very productive at present because of the impoverishment of the area and traditional agricultures strong dependency on natural climatic conditions. In this research, I identified recent climatic trends, documented changes in land use/land cover (LULC) from 1989 to 2011, and assessed farmers\' perceptions of climate change and their responses to such changes. To document climate trends and LULC, I analyzed climate data of twelve meteorological stations located across the country and created a classification of satellite images of KSG for two time periods. To examine farmers\' perceptions and agricultural practices, I conducted surveys of the farmers of KSG and in surrounding villages. Most farmers reported negative impacts of climate change on their agriculture activities, and interest in adopting new agricultural strategies despite long-standing tradition. Increasing temperatures and irregularity of rainfall may have negatively impacted crop yields, but more climate data are needed to clarify this phenomenon. LULC has been influenced by both climate change and human pressure; agricultural land has declined, while bare soils have increased. Several recommendations are provided that may help farmers to cope with changing climate. / Master of Science

No / This paper reports 35 medicinal plants belonging to 25 families used in the treatment of malaria by the people inhabiting the forests located near to Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Orissa, a south-eastern state in India. The methods adopted for the preparation of plant parts are discussed along with their family and local name(s). The majority of the herbal preparations were made in the form of juices or by using water as the medium in the form of decoctions or infusions. Various plant parts, such as leaves, flowers, fruits, barks, stems, roots, and in some cases the whole plants are used to prepare these remedies each of which contains a single species.

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The aim of this study is to explore HP Maredi's three selected dramas in order to understand his literary practice.These are Mowang wa Matuba , Mo go fetileng kgomo and Lapa ke mosadi. Through his writings one can sense that Maredi wants black people to be aware of their historical origins. He also wants to pass down native customs and traditions to future generations. The whole study discusses the following : ■different perceptions Africans and Westerners hold with regard to depletion of wild animals and the smoking of dagga. ■institutions and activities in the Northern Sotho culture which Maredi considers socially essential. ■portrayal of characters through their relations to, and interactions with their physical and social environments. ■recurrence and reversal as the elements that produce rhythm in drama. ■conclusion and the recapitulation of this study. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Play is acknowledged as a fundamental need and right of the human experience. However, across the human lifespan is not always valued. Research on play has traditionally been on children, and while some attention is now being paid to older adults, there is little scholarship regarding play in adulthood. This exploratory study examined how early adulthood (25-40 years old) play, the influence playing has on creativity and career performance, and implications for future research on play. The study was completed utilizing traditional and non-traditional research methods with the intent to incorporate the participants' voice and perspectives into a human-centered research design. The end results of this study, demonstrated that early adults engage in a number of play experiences that shape their development and learning as well as influence their creativity and work performance. The use of human-centered research provided participants with the opportunity to individualize data collection, analyze results, and have a voice in the final product.