The aim of this work is to evaluate current procedures and to refine assessment of impact connected to the drivers' age and traffic accidents. The theoretical part describes senior drivers, traffic accident rate of seniors and decreased ability to drive influenced by age. The practical part is case report of traffic accidents caused by senior drivers, measuring reaction time and the evaluation of these measurements. I have developed some proposals for seniors to prevent the risk of the occurrence of traffic accidents.

The employment issue of drug users in the Czech Republic is still in addiction to current research topics. Partly describe the situation in the Czech Republic as the study "Analysis of the needs of treated drug users in terms of their employability" (Miovský, 2006), or documents "Comparative analysis" and "Getting and keeping a job." Support in entering the labor market ", which arose in the context of the international project" Prague - Vienna, issue of employment and work integration of people at risk of drug addiction "(Ambrož, 2012). These studies performed SANANIM, that the drug has long worked and served primarily as a feedback for the development of services. Among the jobseekers who are registered at the Labour Office, we find a group of drug users for which it is difficult to find suitable employment and the labor market. These clients often have limited information about how they could Labour Office job search assistance. The research group, were drug users who are in the register of job seekers to contact the workplace Labour Office in Prague 10 and who voluntarily agreed to participate in research. The basic method was analysis of the needs of drug users and analysis of active employment policy measures. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interview, adding data was...

The topic of the thesis was proposed by the company X. The purpose of the thesis is to gather an understanding of how online users perceive web tracking and web analytics. The goal of the thesis is to answer the questions regarding online users’ attitude towards web tracking and web analytics and to further study how users' attitude towards web tracking could impact the future of web analytics tools and their features. To be able to understand what online users feel, a survey was conducted to be able to identify how users feel about their online privacy, sharing personal data as well as other types of data that web analytics tools collect. The results from the survey were then analyzed to identify patterns and understand how the different questions  intertwine together. To be able to answer the first research question, “How does web tracking & web analytics affect online users?”, the answers from the survey were used. The material found underneath the “related work” heading was used to support and verify the result of the analysis.  A qualitative research method called grounded theory was partially followed to be able to answer the second research question: “Which common features of web analytics tools could possibly remain in future web analytics tools?”. The results from the first research question were used to be able to form a hypothesis of how the future of web analytics tools may look like. The qualitative research method was adapted to the context of the thesis and therefore some steps were modified or skipped to be able to answer what the future of web analytics tools will look like based on the opinions of the online users'. It was found that the individuals who do not want a tailored experience on the web are also the ones who trust companies/organizations the least with their personal data. They are also the ones who are the most concerned about their privacy. It was also found that these individuals do the least to protect their privacy whereas the ones least concerned about their privacy were the ones who did the most to protect their privacy online. Participants of the survey were mostly aware of GDPR and the majority of online users do not read the terms and conditions when visiting a website. Lastly the question of which feature would remain in the future web analytics tools was answered. The features in the categories visual maps, user behavior and real-time activity are likely to remain. The categories acquisition tracking, individual user behavior and geolocation is likely to be deemed as irrelevant since they do not align with the beliefs of online users regarding privacy.

Polisutbildningen i Sverige formas delvis utifrån ett ideal av polisyrket där den även är tänkt att förebygga ett alltför autonomt perspektiv på yrkesrollen. I föreliggande studie lades fokus på vilka faktorer polisstudenter anser ha störst inverkan på mötet mellan polis och narkotikabrukare samt vilket utfall mötet kan tänkas ha. Även deras syn på hur Polisens roll i det narkotikaförebyggande arbetet ser ut. Detta eftersom tidigare forskning visat att synen på yrkesrollen drastiskt förändras till ett mer autonomt perspektiv när polisstudenter kommer ut i yrkeslivet. Den stämplande effekt som kan ske vid mötet mellan narkotikabrukare och polis kan enbart inte ses som en konsekvens av det polisiära arbetet, utan främst som ett symtom av den avskräckande lagstiftning som Polisen är tänkt att upprätthålla. Resultatet i innevarande studie visade på att respondenterna ansåg att där fanns ett gemensamt ansvar över utfallet av mötet mellan polis och narkotikabrukare. Det framkom även att polisstudenterna såg Polisens roll som främst avskräckande, medan det mer förebyggande arbetet föll på övriga samhällsaktörer. / Previous research has shown that the meeting between police and drug users may induce a negative labeling effect for the drug user. The Police training program in Sweden is partially formed by an ideal perspective on the police profession, which is also supposed to prevent an all too autonomous perspective on the police profession. In this study, focus remained on police students' view on which factors played the biggest role in the interaction between drug users and police. Furthermore, there was a focus on which consequences may come from the meeting. Also, the students’ view on the role of the police profession was . This is because previous research has shown that police students' view of the role was examined. The reason for this being that previous research has shown that the role drastically changes to a more autonomous perspective once the student starts working as a police officer. The labeling effect that may occur in encounters between drug users and police officers cannot be seen solely because of the police work, but primarily as an unintended consequence of the deterrent laws that the Swedish Police are legally obliged to uphold. The results showed that the respondents deemed there to be a mutual responsibility for the outcome of the meeting between drug users and police. Additionally, the respondents viewed the Police as an organization whose main responsibility is deterrence, while the more preventive work falls upon other social organizations.

Thesis (M. A. (Information Studies) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Information is an important element in the lives of citizens. Public libraries are drivers of access to information and knowledge, regardless of age, gender, race and political inclination. Entities such as public libraries have the role to play in providing informational, educational, recreational and cultural needs of the communities that they serve, but if they are challenged by issues such as underutilisation of some of their services, it calls for a prompt reaction. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. A questionnaire was used to collect data from library users at Moletji Public Library. Two-hundred and forty questionnaires were distributed, two-hundred and sixteen questionnaires were returned and were found to represent a 90% response rate which was usable for the analysis. The study found out that most users in Moletji Public Library preferred reading space and Internet over lending materials, and as a result, circulation statistics declined. Challenges such as walking a long distance to the library, limited resources, lack of space, noise and outdated books were also discovered by this study. The study provides Polokwane Municipality with valuable evidence of the underutilisation of services and resources at Moletji Public Library. It also suggests areas for improvement including training of personnel as well as more library infrastructure in previously marginalised communities. The study recommends that more computers and more space be provided and that libraries should keep up with the ever-changing needs of library users by conducting more studies about the needs of library users. This study reports the first Polokwane Municipality empirical study of the use of library services at Moletji Public Library. Keywords: Library; library users; information needs; information source; public library

The examiner of cloud computing systems in the last few years observes that there is a trend of the emergence of new Big Data frameworks every single year. Since Hadoop was developed in 2007, new frameworks followed it such as Spark, Storm, Heron, Apex, Flink, Samza, Kafka ... etc. Each framework is developed in a certain way to target and achieve certain objectives better than other frameworks do. However, there are few common functionalities and aspects that are shared between these frameworks. One vital aspect all these frameworks strive to achieve is better reliability and faster recovery time in case of failures. Despite all the advances in making datacenters dependable, failures actually still happen. This is particularly onerous for long-running “big data” applications, where partial failures can lead to significant losses and lengthy recomputations. This is also crucial for streaming systems where events are processed and monitored online in real time, and any delay in data delivery will cause a major inconvenience to the users.<div>Another observation is that some reliability implementations are redundant between different frameworks. Big data processing frameworks like Hadoop MapReduce include fault tolerance mechanisms, but these are commonly targeted at specific system/failure models, and are often redundant between frameworks. Encapsulating these implementations into one layer and making it shared between different applications will benefit more than one frame-work without the burden of re-implementing the same reliability approach in each single framework.<br></div><div>These observations motivated us to solve the problem by presenting two systems: Guardian and Warden. Guardian is tailored towards batch processing big data systems while Warden is targeted towards stream processing systems. Both systems are robust, RMS based, generic, multi-framework, flexible, customizable, low overhead systems that allow their users to run their applications with individually configurable fault tolerance granularity and degree, with only minor changes to their implementation.<br></div><div>Most reliability approaches carry out one rigid fault tolerance technique targeted towards one system at a time. It is more challenging to provide a reliability approach that is pluggable in multiple Big Data frameworks at a time and can achieve low overheads comparable with single targeted framework approaches, yet is flexible and customizable by its users to make it tailored towards their objectives. The genericity is attained by providing an interface that can be used in different applications from different frameworks in any part of the application code. The low overhead is achieved by providing faster application finish times with and without failures. The customizability is fulfilled by providing the users the options to choose between two fault tolerance guarantees (Crash Failures / Byzantine Failures) and, in case of streaming systems; it is combined with two delivery semantics (Exactly Once / At Most Once).<br></div><div>In other words, this thesis proposes the paradigm of dependable resources: big data processing frameworks are typically built on top of resource management systems (RMSs),and proposing fault tolerance support at the level of such an RMS yields generic fault tolerance mechanisms, which can be provided with low overhead by leveraging constraints on resources.<br></div><div>To the best of our knowledge, such approach was never tried on multiple big data batch processing and streaming frameworks before.<br></div><div>We demonstrate the benefits of Guardian by evaluating some batch processing frame-works such as Hadoop, Tez, Spark and Pig on a prototype of Guardian running on Amazon-EC2, improving completion time by around 68% in the presence of failures, while maintaining around 6% overhead. We’ve also built a prototype of Warden on the Flink and Samza (with Kafka) streaming frameworks. Our evaluations on Warden highlight the effectiveness of our approach in the presence of failures and without failures compared to other fault tolerance techniques (such as checkpointing)<br></div>

The growing population and motorization generate more movements. In many cities, the increase of population and motorization is much greater than the development of the capacity of the transportation network. For unprotected road users, the risk of getting in a traffic accident increases and the risk of being more severely injured in an accident. In March 2020, a pandemic was declared because of a Coronavirus. More people started to work/study from home to prevent the virus from spreading by avoiding unnecessary trips, gatherings, and crowded areas. Therefore, travel behaviours have shifted during the pandemic compared to previous years. This project aims to get knowledge of how mobility and traffic accidents are affected by significant shifts of travel flow, predict the effect of traffic accidents based on mobility, and evaluate the risk of travelling on a particular road segment. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

The diploma thesis is aimed to improvement work of outreach drug workers who works with drug addicted people from foregin countries in Prague. The theoretical part od diploma thesis briefly describes legislative framework linked with use of illicted drugs in the Czech Republic, Drug Strategy of the Czech Republic and definiton of therm street work in the Social Services Act. Next part of the thesis focused to information from lately situation on the open drug market in Prague a nd describes period, since when has been in touch outreach workers and drug addicted people from foregin countries. Thesis further comparing approaches to drug policy in countries of orign drug of drug addicted foreginers at Prague. As well deliberately select in each country important topics for outreach work. The methods used to obtain the necessary information included document analysis, observation, structured interviews and focus group. Information was collected to help in face to face work with drug users. To better understand the environment from which drug users - foreigners come from. Which services can they know from their home country, what services drug users - foreigners can use in the Czech Republic and how to work better with this target group. And also what measures can help Czech outreach workers. Based on...

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of public library services for visually impaired users. Firstly, the thesis provides a theoretical introduction to the topic. It describes several projects related to the topic, activities of chosen non-profit organizations and fundamental legislation. Secondly, the thesis focuses on provision of library services for visually impaired in public libraries in the Czech Republic and abroad. The practical part of the thesis consists of an analysis of four Czech public libraries and of a qualitative research. Finally, the findings are summarized into several recommendations which could help libraries successfully offer services for visually impaired users.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Media Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / This study focuses on the use of the internet for students’ academic performance at institutions of higher learning. Various internet applications including search engines, online library resources and social media are evaluated to explore how best they can be used to enhance students’ performance at institutions of higher learning. This is critical to ensure that students maximise the use of technology specifically for academic purposes. Generally, students are constant users of the internet at institutions of higher learning, hence it is cardinal to examine their internet use patterns for academic purposes. Institutions of higher learning have invested in advanced technology through the internet to enhance student academic purposes. Therefore, one would expect students to use various internet applications effectively for the betterment of their studies. In this study, the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The researcher also employed exploratory and descriptive designs. These methodologies and designs are appropriate for this study because they allow data to be collected through focus group interviews and questionnaires. Focus group interviews were employed to collect qualitative data and questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data. The researcher conducted six focus groups from three institutions of higher learning, namely the University of Limpopo, University of Venda and Tshwane University of Technology, Polokwane campus. Three hundred and forty-three (343) questionnaires were analysed for this study. These data collection tools were pertinent for this study since they assist to determine factors that influence the attitudes, opinions and behavior of the participants. Online library resources play a cardinal role in enhancing the learning process for students by providing online content which could have been difficult to access without the internet. Social media improve and enhance students’ academic performance, but students do not know how best to use it for academic purposes. Proper integration of social media into education is needed. In contrast, students prefer to use social media purely for socialising and entertainment. Despite their ability to assist students in enhancing and improving learning process, social media are, mostly not used for academic purposes. xiv Additionally, students’ use of internet search engines exposes them to an array of information which require critical online information literacy in order to choose the best information. Lastly, the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by creating a model which will enhance and assist students to easily access academic information through the use of a mobile application. The study also provides significant information which could be used to amend and draft new ICT policies within institutions of higher learning, taking into consideration the adoption of online learning through the use various technologies including social media. / The National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS)