Design Thinking is a prototype-driven, solution-based and human-centered innovation approach and design process that has been receiving a growing amount of attention in both the industry and research during the last decade. In this paper we intend to evaluate Design Thinking in relation to the in-house design process of the digital transformation agency Mogul AB. Their process, called the Four Step Model, was developed by the design team as a result of years of experience and evaluation of best-practice. The aim of our study is to compare Design Thinking’s initial phases Empathize and Define to the corresponding strategy phase in the Four Step Model. Using this comparison we aim to evaluate in what way Design Thinking could be integrated in the Mogul’s Four Step Model in order to obtain a more human-centered process and result. This study is based on a) research on Design Thinking and human-centered design processes b) interviews with representatives from Mogul's design team, and c) documentation from our own work process, producing a recruitment site for Mogul, where we used Design thinking as our working method. Our study shows that Mogul's design process would benefit from integrating a number of tools and mindsets from Design Thinking. Our key findings suggest that the Four Step Model should be more iterative and include the end user in an extended degree during the whole design process, and especially during the initial stages of the process. The Four Step Model would also benefit from more tangible tools for obtaining a deeper understanding of the end user’s needs. By embracing these mindsets from Design Thinking, the Four Step Model could become more useful, efficient and human-centered. / Design Thinking är en prototypdriven, lösningsorienterad och människocentrerad innovationsmetod och designprocess som har fått alltmer uppmärksamhet, både i branschen och designforskningen, det senaste decenniet. I denna rapport har vi för syfte att utvärdera Design Thinking i relation till den interna designprocess som används på den digitala transformationsbyrån Mogul AB. Deras process, som kallas Fyrstegaren, har utvecklats av Moguls designteam, och är ett resultat av många års yrkesverksamhet och erfarenhet av best practice. Syftet med vår studie är att jämföra Design Thinkings initiala faser Empathize och Define, med den motsvariga Strategifasen i Fyrstegaren. Med denna jämförelse ämnar vi utvärdera på vilka sätt Design Thinking skulle kunna integreras i Moguls fyrstegare för en mer människocentrerad process och resultat. Studien är baserad på a) forskning om Design Thinking och människocentrerade designprocesser, b) intervjuer med representanter från Moguls designteam, och c) dokumentation från vår egen praktiska produktutveckling av en rekryteringswebbplats till Mogul, där Design Thinking har varit vår arbetsmetod. Studien visar att Moguls designprocess skulle gynnas av att integrera ett antal verktyg och tankesätt från Design Thinking. Våra nyckelfynd föreslår att Fyrstegaren borde bli mer iterativ och inkludera slutanvändaren genom hela processen, främst i dess inledande faser. Fyrstegaren skulle också behöva fler handgripliga verktyg för att skapa en djupare förståelse för användaren och dess behov. Genom att integrera dessa principer från Design Thinking menar vi att Fyrstegaren skulle kunna bli mer ändamålsenlig, effektiv och människocentrerad.

The aim of this study is to analyze and study French pupils spelling and more specificallyspelling errors. The study is based on the blogs of 78 young french students where spellingerrors are analyzed based on a typology by Nina Catach (1980). This typology explains whattype of spelling errors that can occur in the French language. La maitrise de l’orthographelexicale du français et de l’espagnol is a study made by Sony Mayard (2007) which explainsthe complexity of the French spelling.The study shows that first of all, the spelling of pupils is not something that can concretely bejudged or cataloged. You can never explain exactly why French pupils have an way ofspelling, since spelling is individual and takes several key factors in to consideration.However, this study presents one approach of how spelling errors can be differentiated andthe possible reasons why they are judged as incorrect. / L’idée de cette étude a été d'analyser et d'étudier l’orthographe française des jeunesinternautes français, et surtout les erreurs d’orthographe. L’étude a été faite sur les blogs de78 jeunes internautes français, sur une plate-forme nommée Skyrock. Les erreursd'orthographe sont analysées avec l’aide de la typologie à six échelles par Nina Catach(1980). Cette typologie explique quelques différentes catégories d’erreurs d'orthographe de lalangue française. La maitrise de l'orthographe lexicale du français et de l'espagnol est uneétude faite par Sony Mayard (2007) qui explique la complexité de l'orthographe française.L'étude montre premièrement que l'orthographe française ne peut pas être jugée oucataloguée. Nous ne pouvons jamais expliquer exactement pourquoi les jeunes Français ontune orthographe atypique car ceci dépend de plusieurs facteurs, tels que des facteursindividuels. En revanche, cette étude présente une façon de différencier les erreursd'orthographe et les éventuelles raisons derrière pourquoi cette orthographe est jugée commeétant incorrecte.

This diploma thesis is focused on corporate information systems. It contains an analysis of current status of the information system in company, which uses e-commerce as its main scope of business. There is a proposed solution based on the analysis, which should contribute to an improvement of the information system itself. The proposed solution includes schedule and price calculation of the project as well.

Le redéploiement des réseaux de tramways en France a modifié considérablement les espaces publics et la façon dont ils sont pratiqués. Au-delà de l’image de développement urbain durable portée par le tramway, la question des difficultés d’usage de ces espaces est peu investiguée. Ce travail s’appuie principalement sur la mise en lien des analyses des pratiques des espaces publics réaménagés pour le tramway (observations in situ, interviews d’usager, analyses des accidents), avec celles des processus de conception de ces espaces (entretiens réalisés avec les différents acteurs des projets de tramway étudiés, révélant les enjeux, les choix, les conflits, les contraintes et les compromis ayant pesé dans l’aménagement de ces espaces). Les villes de Montpellier, Marseille et Nice sont les trois terrains d’étude sur lesquels ont porté ces investigations. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent d’une part que l’insertion de tramways modernes dans les villes françaises pose certains problèmes de complication des espaces publics. Ces complications, liées à la restructuration des espaces publics pour le tramway, engendrent des difficultés d’usage et des problèmes de sécurité. Ils montrent d’autre part que les processus de conception jouent un rôle dans la genèse de ces problèmes. Cette thèse établit ainsi des liens particuliers entre complexité des processus de conception (au sens de la pensée complexe) et complication des espaces publics. / The reintroduction of tram networks in France has considerably changed public spaces and the way citizens use them. Above and beyond the image of sustainable urban development conveyed by trams, the question of the difficulties encountered by the users of these spaces has not been studied much. This work is mainly based on the coordination of the analysis of the uses of these re-designed public spaces (through observations, interviews of users and accident studies) and the analysis of the conditions and processes involved in the design of these spaces (mainly based on interviews with the actors of these tram projects, to identify the choices made, compromises accepted, and conflicts and constraints at work that determine the layout of these spaces). The cities of Montpellier, Marseille and Nice are the three fields of study on which the demonstration of this thesis is based. On the one hand, the results of this research show that the insertion of tram tends to complicate the public spaces. These complications related to the restructuring of public spaces for the tram create difficulties of use and safety concerns. On the other hand, this research shows to what extent the complexity of the design processes plays a role in the genesis of these problems. This thesis thus establishes particular links between complex design processes (in the sense of “complex thought”) and complicated public spaces.

M.Tech. / As computers become more common in the work environment, more people are developing symptoms linked to long-term computer use. These include visual and eye-related symptoms as well as musculo-skeletal symptoms (Sheedy & Shaw-McMinn, 2003; Yan, Hu, Chen & Lu, 2007). This collection of symptoms is known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). There are various allopathic modes of treatment available which are limited in terms of their long term use and side effects. Yan and colleagues (2007) indicate that a correctly designed, ergonomically efficient work place plays a significant role in limiting the development of CVS symptoms. Depending on the reasons for CVS and the symptoms associated with it, alternative treatment options may be appropriate (Yan, et al., 2007). Homoeopathy offers alternate treatment, however no extensive research has been done on the homoeopathic treatment of this condition. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the homoeopathic remedy Ruta graveolens 6cH together with ergonomic interventions in the work environment in the treatment of Computer Vision Syndrome. This was done by means of a selection questionnaire (APPENDIX B) and a symptom index form (APPENDIX C), rating the severity and frequency of symptoms. This research study is paired to a related study which investigated the efficacy of Ruta graveolens 6cH without ergonomic interventions. These two studies can later be compared to determine whether the remedy Ruta graveolens 6cH by itself is sufficient in treating computer vision syndrome. This study was approved by the Higher Degrees Committee (HDC48/2009) and the Academic Ethics Committee (AEC50/09) at the University of Johannesburg on the 19 June 2009. Thirty one people joined the study. They were recruited by means of flyers and advertisements (APPENDIX E) placed at the University of Johannesburg as well as corporate companies. Participation was voluntary and by means of informed consent (APPENDIX A). Participants were required to fill in a selection questionnaire (APPENDIX B) to see if they qualified for the study. It was a double-blind placebo controlled study in which participants were placed into one of 2 groups. Both groups were required to change the layout of their work environment in order to ensure ergonomic efficiency at their work station (APPENDIX D). Of the two groups, one was dispensed vi the medicated prescription and the other an identically presented unmedicated prescription. Participants were requested to take the medication twice a day for 4 weeks. They were also required to complete a symptom index form (APPENDIX C) on a weekly basis. These forms were collected by the researcher at the end of the four weeks. There was no risk associated with taking the medication. Participants’ right to privacy was adhered to and they were free to withdraw from the study at any time. Of the 31 people who joined the study, 29 completed the study.

M. Tech. / The homoeopathic remedy, Ruta graveolens, is used for the treatment of eyestrain and eye related symptoms caused by the over use of the eyes (Kent, 2006). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the homoeopathic remedy Ruta graveolens 6cH in the treatment of Computer Vision Syndrome. This study can be compared to related studies by means of the symptom index form (Appendix C). This double-blind study included thirty participants between the ages of 20 and 35. The participants had to be regular users of a visual display terminal for a minimum of three hours per day. The participants also had to experience at least two or more eye or vision related symptoms due to VDT use for at least one month prior to the start of the study. During the first consultation, each participant was tested for any refractive errors by a qualified optometrist. The participants were divided into two groups of fifteen each. One group received the remedy, Ruta graveolens 6cH, while the other group received the placebo. The participants were required to take four pillules twice a day for the duration of the study. The data was statistically analysed by means of the Mann-Whitney u Test, Friedman Analysis of Variance by Ranks Test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Crosstabs were used to check for confounding variables. The two groups, the placebo and the treatment group were tested against each other. The findings from the data illustrated that in the treatment group there was a statistically significant improvement in the severity of symptoms in seven of the fourteen symptoms over the duration of the study, while five of the fourteen symptoms of the placebo group had a statistically significant improvement in severity over the four week period. Overall the severity of the treatment group had an improvement of 42% compared to the 28% improvement of the placebo group. Both groups showed a reduction of the frequency of symptoms over the duration of the study.

M.Sc. (Information Technology) / Making changes to a complex system, such as a cellular network, without being well informed about the potential effects of the change could prove to have negative and costly outcomes. In order to diminish the risk of making changes to a real system, a simulation of the real system is a viable and valuable alternative. By creating a simulation of the real system, the effects of changes made can be tested in the simulation instead of the real system. The dissertation presents a model by which subscriber behaviour within a cellular network can be simulated. The model that is introduced to this end is called the Mobile Network Subscriber-Behaviour Simulation (MNSS). Subscriber behaviour is important as it is largely responsible for the variation in traffic within the cellular network. Thus, the research presented in the dissertation seeks to provide a means by which the planning and operation of cellular networks can be enhanced through a better comprehension of network traffic, which is influenced by subscriber behaviour. In the dissertation, specific focus is given to voice traffic, and, as such, the cellular network architecture that was chosen for the model is the GSM mobile network architecture due to its ubiquitous use in carrying voice traffic. The research presented in the dissertation begins with a discussion on the GSM architecture. Subscriber behaviour is simulated through the use of intelligent agents that are configured to interact with one another to form a Multi-agent System. In addition, the subscriber agents interact with, and adapt to, the mobile network component of the MNSS model, which constitutes the formation of a Complex Adaptive System. Therefore, the discussion is subsequently directed towards Artificial Intelligence, intelligent agents, Multi-agent Systems and Complex Adaptive Systems. Using these aforementioned concepts, the dissertation presents the MNSS model and a prototype implementation, as well as a discussion on the results obtained from this. The main purpose of the dissertation is to examine a means by which subscriber behaviour can be simulated in a cellular network, through the use of multiple intelligent agents that interact in a complex system. This is conducted for the express purpose of analysing the change in behaviour of the subscriber agents in relation to changes made to external conditions, such as the underlying cellular network or the behaviour of other subscriber agents.

In organizations, users' compliance with information security policies (ISP) is crucial for minimizing information security (IS) incidents. To improve users' compliance, IS managers have implemented IS awareness (ISA) programs, which are systematically planned interventions to continuously transport security information to a target audience. The underlying research analyzes IS managers' efforts to design effective ISA programs by comparing current design recommendations suggested by scientific literature with actual design practices of ISA programs in three banks. Moreover, this study addresses how users perceive ISA programs and related implications for compliant IS behavior. Empirically, we utilize a multiple case design to investigate three banks from Central and Eastern Europe. In total, 33 semi-structured interviews with IS managers and users were conducted and internal materials of ISA programs such as intranet messages and posters were also considered. The paper contributes to IS compliance research by offering a comparative and holistic view on ISA program design practices. Moreover, we identified influences on users' perceptions centering on IS risks, responsibilities, ISP importance and knowledge, and neutralization behaviors. Finally, the study raises propositions regarding the relationship of ISA program designs and factors, which are likely to influence users' ISP compliance.

The challenge of having to create and remember a secure password for each user account has become a problem for many computer users and can lead to bad password management practices. Simpler and less secure passwords are often selected and are regularly reused across multiple user accounts. Computer users within corporations and institutions are subject to password policies, policies which require users to create passwords of a specified length and composition and change passwords regularly. These policies often prevent users from reusing previous selected passwords. Security vendors and professionals have sought to improve or even replace password authentication. Technologies such as multi-factor authentication and single sign-on have been developed to complement or even replace password authentication. The objective of the study was to investigate the password habits of South African computer and internet users. The aim was to assess their attitudes toward password security, to determine whether password policies affect the manner in which they manage their passwords and to investigate their exposure to alternate authentication technologies. The results from the online survey demonstrated that password practices of the participants across their professional and personal contexts were generally insecure. Participants often used shorter, simpler and ultimately less secure passwords. Participants would try to memorise all of their passwords or reuse the same password on most of their accounts. Many participants had not received any security awareness training, and additional security technologies (such as multi-factor authentication or password managers) were seldom used or provided to them. The password policies encountered by the participants in their organisations did little towards encouraging the users to apply more secure password practices. Users lack the knowledge and understanding about password security as they had received little or no training pertaining to it.

The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the I. Social Services Community Plan in the town of Havlíčkův Brod in the period 2005-2007. Individual activities are evaluated according to the degree of fulfillment. After which is pointed out the impact on the development of social services in the city. First, the plan is evaluated according to the target areas and finally the matter is viewed as an integrated whole. Furthermore, the thesis deals with one of the unfulfilled aktivity and updates information using a questionnaire analysis of the community plan. The work also contains proposals for action that could lead to more efficient implementation of the plan.