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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Quebra de dinâmica ponderomotiva como um eficiente mecanismo de aceleração e focagem de partículas carregadas

Russman, Felipe Boff January 2018 (has links)
A presente dissertação estuda a dinâmica uni e tridimensional de uma part cula solitária eletricamente carregada sob a ação de uma onda eletrostática de alta frequência lentamente modulada. A onda dota a partícula de energia potencial elétrica e o seu movimento e conhecido através do emprego do formalismo hamiltoniano, onde se faz a consideração de efeitos relativísticos devido as altas velocidades envolvidas no processo. Enquanto a velocidade máxima experimentada pela partícula permanece suficientemente abaixo da velocidade de fase característica da onda que a acelera, sua dinâmica pode ser bem descrita por uma re nada aproximação ponderomotriz. Com esta abordagem, prevê-se corretamente a velocidade média, máxima e m nima desenvolvida pela partícula ao longo de seu movimento através das curvas que permeiam e envelopam o per l de velocidade. Os limites de validade da aproximação são bem estabelecidos e, uma vez ultrapassados, a partícula com velocidade ressonante e capturada pela onda. Sob as adequadas condições calculadas neste trabalho, o mecanismo de captura instala, espontaneamente, a partícula em fase otima relativa a onda e a acelera a velocidades muito próximas da velocidade da luz no vácuo. Em consonância, o processo de aceleração e otimizado com a focagem da partícula em direção ao eixo de propagação da onda durante um certo intervalo de tempo e de comprimento aproveitáveis. / The present dissertation studies the one and three-dimensional dynamics of an electrically charged solitary particle under the action of a slowly modulated high frequency electrostatic carrier wave. The wave gives the particle electrical potential energy and its movement is known through the use of Hamiltonian formalism, where relativistic e ects are considered due to the high velocities involved in the process. Meanwhile the maximum speed experienced by the particle remains su ciently below the characteristic phase velocity of the accelerating carrier wave, its dynamics can be well described by a re ned ponderomotive approach. With this approach, the average, maximum and minimum speed developed by the particle along its movement through the curves that permeate and envelop the velocity pro le. The limits of validity of the approximation are well established and, once exceeded, the particle with resonant velocity is captured by the wave. Under the appropriate conditions calculated in this work, the capture mechanism spontaneously installs the optimum phase particle relative to the wave and accelerates towards the speed of light in the vacuum. At same time, the acceleration process is optimized by focusing the particle towards the wave propagation axis for a certain usable time interval and length.
142

Nonlinear Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction in Earthquake Engineering / Interaction sol-structure non-linéaire en analyse sismique

Nieto ferro, Alex 17 January 2013 (has links)
Ce travail détaille une approche de calcul pour la résolution de problèmes dynamiques qui combinent des discrétisations en temps et dans le domaine de Laplace reposant sur une technique de sous-structuration. En particulier, la méthode développée cherche à remplir le besoin industriel de réaliser des calculs dynamiques tridimensionnels pour le risque sismique en prenant en compte des effets non-linéaires d'interaction sol-structure (ISS). Deux sous-domaines sont considérés dans ce problème. D'une part, le domaine de sol linéaire et non-borné qui est modélisé par une impédance de bord discrétisée dans le domaine de Laplace au moyen d'une méthode d'éléments de frontière ; et, de l'autre part, la superstructure qui fait référence pas seulement à la structure et sa fondation mais aussi, éventuellement, à une partie du sol présentant un comportement non-linéaire. Ce dernier sous-domaine est formulé dans le domaine temporel et discrétisé avec la méthode des éléments finis (FE). Dans ce cadre, les forces liées à l'ISS s'écrivent sous la forme d'une intégrale de convolution en temps dont le noyau est la transformée de Laplace inverse de la matrice d'impédance de sol. Pour pouvoir évaluer cette convolution dans le domaine temporel à partir d'une impédance de sol définie dans le domaine de Laplace, une approche basée sur des Quadratures de Convolution (QC) est présentée : la méthode hybride Laplace-Temps (L-T). La stabilité numérique de son couplage avec un schéma d'intégration de type Newmark est ensuite étudiée sur plusieurs modèles d'ISS en dynamique linéaire et non-linéaire. Finalement, la méthode L-T est testée sur un modèle numérique plus complexe, proche d'une application sismique de caractère industriel, et des résultats satisfaisants sont obtenus par rapport aux solutions de référence. / The present work addresses a computational methodology to solve dynamic problems coupling time and Laplace domain discretizations within a domain decomposition approach. In particular, the proposed methodology aims at meeting the industrial need of performing more accurate seismic risk assessments by accounting for three-dimensional dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) in nonlinear analysis. Two subdomains are considered in this problem. On the one hand, the linear and unbounded domain of soil which is modelled by an impedance operator computed in the Laplace domain using a Boundary Element (BE) method; and, on the other hand, the superstructure which refers not only to the structure and its foundations but also to a region of soil that possibly exhibits nonlinear behaviour. The latter subdomain is formulated in the time domain and discretized using a Finite Element (FE) method. In this framework, the DSSI forces are expressed as a time convolution integral whose kernel is the inverse Laplace transform of the soil impedance matrix. In order to evaluate this convolution in the time domain by means of the soil impedance matrix (available in the Laplace domain), a Convolution Quadrature-based approach called the Hybrid Laplace-Time domain Approach (HLTA), is thus introduced. Its numerical stability when coupled to Newmark time integration schemes is subsequently investigated through several numerical examples of DSSI applications in linear and nonlinear analyses. The HLTA is finally tested on a more complex numerical model, closer to that of an industrial seismic application, and good results are obtained when compared to the reference solutions.
143

Network Formation and Dynamics under Economic Constraints

Schröder, Malte 27 February 2018 (has links)
No description available.
144

Dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators in complex networks / Dinâmica de osciladores de Kuramoto em redes complexas

Thomas Kauê Dal\'Maso Peron 27 July 2017 (has links)
Synchronization of an ensemble of oscillators is an emergent phenomenon present in several complex systems, ranging from biological and physical to social and technological systems. The most successful approach to describe how coherent behavior emerges in these complex systems is given by the paradigmatic Kuramoto model. For decades, this model has been traditionally studied in globally coupled topologies. However, besides being intrinsically dynamical, complex systems exhibit very heterogeneous structure, which can be represented as complex networks. This thesis is dedicated to the investigation of fundamental problems regarding the collective dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators coupled in complex networks. First, we address the effects on network dynamics caused by the presence of triangles, which are structural patterns that permeate real-world networks but are absent in random models. By extending the heterogeneous degree mean-field approach to a class of configuration model that generates random networks with variable clustering, we show that triangles weakly affect the onset of synchronization. Our results suggest that, at least in the low clustering regime, the dynamics of clustered networks are accurately described by tree-based theories. Secondly, we analyze the influence of inertia in the phases evolutions. More precisely, we substantially extend the mean-field calculations to second-order Kuramoto oscillators in uncorrelated networks. Thereby hysteretic transitions of the order parameter are predicted with good agreement with simulations. Effects of degree-degree correlations are also numerically scrutinized. In particular, we find an interesting dynamical equivalence between variations in assortativity and damping coefficients. Potential implications to real-world applications are discussed. Finally, we tackle the problem of two intertwined populations of stochastic oscillators subjected to asymmetric attractive and repulsive couplings. By employing the Gaussian approximation technique we derive a reduced set of ODEs whereby a thorough bifurcation analysis is performed revealing a rich phase diagram. Precisely, besides incoherence and partial synchronization, peculiar states are uncovered in which two clusters of oscillators emerge. If the phase lag between these clusters lies between zero and π, a spontaneous drift different from the natural rhythm of oscillation emerges. Similar dynamical patterns are found in chaotic oscillators under analogous couplings schemes. / Sincronização de conjuntos de osciladores é um fenômeno emergente que permeia sistemas complexos de diversas naturezas, como por exemplo, sistemas biológicos, físicos, naturais e tecnológicos. A abordagem mais bem sucedida na descrição da emergência de comportamento coletivo em sistemas complexos é fornecida pelo modelo de Kuramoto. Durante décadas, este modelo foi tradicionalmente estudado em topologias completamente conectadas. Entretanto, além de ser intrinsecamente dinâmicos, tais sistemas complexos possuem uma estrutura altamente heterogênea que pode ser apropriadamente representada por redes complexas. Esta tese é dedicada à investigação de problemas fundamentais da dinâmica coletiva de osciladores de Kuramoto acoplados em redes. Primeiramente, abordamos os efeitos sobre a dinâmica das redes causados pela presença de triângulos padrões que estão omnipresentes em redes reais mas estão ausentes em redes gerados por modelos aleatórios. Estendemos a abordagem via campo-médio para uma variação do modelo de configuração tradicional capaz de criar topologias com número variável de triângulos. Através desta abordagem, mostramos que tais padrões estruturais pouco influenciam a emergência de comportamento coletivo em redes, podendo a dinâmica destas ser descrita em termos de teorias desenvolvidas para redes com topologia local semelhante a grafos de tipo árvore. Em seguida, analisamos a influência de inércia na evolução das fases. Mais precisamente, generalizamos cálculos de campo-médio para osciladores de segunda-ordem acoplados em redes sem correlação de grau. Demonstramos que na presença de efeitos inerciais o parâmetro de ordem do sistema se comporta de forma histerética. Ademais, efeitos oriundos de correlações de grau são examinados. Em particular, verificamos uma interessante equivalência dinâmica entre variações nos coeficientes de assortatividade e amortecimento dos osciladores. Possíveis aplicações para situações reais são discutidas. Finalmente, abordamos o problema de duas populações de osciladores estocásticos sob a influência de acoplamentos atrativos e repulsivos. Através da aplicação da aproximação Gaussiana, derivamos um conjunto reduzido de EDOs através do qual as bifurcações do sistema foram analisadas. Além dos estados asíncrono e síncrono, verificamos a existência de padrões peculiares na dinâmica de tal sistema. Mais precisamente, observamos a formação de estados caracterizados pelo surgimento de dois aglomerados de osciladores. Caso a defasagem entre estes grupos é inferior a π, um novo ritmo de oscilação diferente da frequência natural dos vértices emerge. Comportamentos dinâmicos similares são observados em osciladores caóticos sujeitos a acoplamentos análogos.
145

Um mapa discreto unidimensional para o sistema de Rössler

CARMO, Ricardo Batista do 02 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-15T12:52:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Ricardo Batista.pdf: 10061311 bytes, checksum: ce7d296a73fc33cb8f4605b5e94a9cfb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T12:52:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Ricardo Batista.pdf: 10061311 bytes, checksum: ce7d296a73fc33cb8f4605b5e94a9cfb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / CNPq / Centros de periodicidade e caos (CPCs) s˜ao pontos que podem aparecer quando projetamos certo expoente de Lyapunov λ em um plano de parˆametros de um sistema dinˆamico dissipativo. Espirais de solu¸c˜oes peri´odicas (λ < 0) e ca´oticas (λ > 0) circulam alternadamente um CPC, como aquele no ter¸co inferior direito na figura da folha de rosto. Nesta disserta¸c˜ao foi desenvolvido inicialmente um programa para o c´alculo num´erico do espectro de Lyapunov de um sistema dinˆamico tridimensional (3D) gen´erico. Em seguida, CPCs foram procurados e achados nas solu¸c˜oes das equa¸c˜oes de R¨ossler, que possuem trˆes parˆametros, a, b, e c. Em particular, para b = bc = 0.17872, o CPC foi encontrado no plano a×c com coordenadas a = ac = 0.17694 e c = cc = 10.5706. Fixando a = ac e tomando c como um parˆametro de controle no intervalo 3 < c < cc, uma sequˆencia de dobramentos de per´ıodo seguida por uma sequˆencia de janelas de adi¸c˜ao de per´ıodo dentro da regi˜ao ca´otica. Ajustes por fun¸c˜oes simples de mapas de retorno de m´aximos locais em uma das vari´aveis dinˆamicas do sistema de R¨ossler permitiram a elabora¸c˜ao de um mapa discreto unidimensional Mr(x) no intervalo unit´ario, o qual faz a m´ımica sin´optica da dinˆamica do fluxo. A raz˜ao de convergˆencia para a sequˆencia de adi¸c˜ao de per´ıodo foi estimada dos ciclos superest´aveis do mapa como um valor pouco acima de 1.7, em bom acordo com o que se obt´em do sistema de R¨ossler. Uma f´ormula para a medida invariante foi obtida de um ajuste para a distribui¸c˜ao das iteradas em regime erg´odico. O correspondente expoente de Lyapunov, 0.597, est´a em bom acordo com 0.588, valor obtido da m´edia discreta de ln|Mr(xi)|. / Aperiodicityhub(PH)isthecommoncenterofperiodic(λ < 0)andchaotic(λ > 0) spirals which show up when a characteristic Lyapunov exponent λ of a dissipative dynamical system is projected onto a planar subset of its parameter space. The color plate in a previous page of this document shows one such PH in the lower right third. In this work Lyapunov spectra of three-dimensional dynamical systems were numericallycalculatedwithastandardalgorithmwhichreliesonrepeatedapplication of the Gram-Schmidt orghonormalization procedure on certain vectors in the phase space. PHs were then searched and found in the R¨ossler system, which has three parameters, namely, a,b, and c. In particular, for b = bh = 0.17872, a PH was found in the ca-plane with coordinates a = ah = 0.17694 and c = ch = 10.5706. By fixing a = ah and taking c as a control parameter in the interval 3 < c < ch, a complete sequence , i.e., a period-doubling sequence followed by a sequence of period-adding windows within the chaotic region, was observed. Fits to tens of return maps for local maxima in one of the dynamical variables allowed the construction of a oneparameter one-dimensional discrete map in the unit interval that synoptically mimics the dynamics of the flow. The convergence ratio for the period-adding sequence was estimated from the superstable cycles as 1.7, in good agreement with the value obtained from the R¨ossler system. At full ergodicity, a formula for the invariant measurewasobtainedfromafittothedistributionoftheiterates. Fromthatformula, we estimated a Lyapunov exponent of 0.597, which is in reasonable agreement with 0.588, the value obtained straightforwardly from the discrete iterates of the map.
146

Projeto e montagem experimental de um manipulador robotico não-linear de dois graus de liberdade / Project and assembly of a nonlinear robotic manipulator of two degress of freedom

Paracencio, Luis Gustavo de Mello 21 December 2005 (has links)
Orientadores: Helder Anibal Hermini, Jose Manoel Balthazar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T08:25:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paracencio_LuisGustavodeMello_M.pdf: 4796765 bytes, checksum: 995f6c689cb11d91ba0a846b33152415 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A partir de considerações de dinâmica não-linear aplicada à robótica, foi desenvolvida a montagem experimental de um manipulador de dois graus de liberdade em que à primeira junta é atuada e a segunda é sub-atuada. Para tal, foram estabelecidos os objetivos para a concepção do protótipo gerado. A montagem experimental foi realizada a partir do desenvolvimento de manipuladores de dois graus de liberdade, considerados rígidos, podendo ser futuramente estendidos a outros graus de liberdade com alguma flexibilidade. A partir dos resultados apresentados, puderam ser verificadas as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização das arquiteturas de controladores aplicadas ao comando de mecanismos robóticos / Abstract: From reasons of applied nonlinear dynamics to robotics, it was developed an experimental setting of manipulator of two degrees of freedom where to the first joint is acted and second is sub-acted. The objectives had been established for the conception of the generated archetype. The experiment was carried through the development of manipulators of two degrees of freedom considered rigid. It can be extended to other degrees of freedom with some flexibility in future. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of architectures of controllers could be identified for applied to the command of mechanisms robotics / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
147

[en] DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HYPERLASTIC CIRCULAR MEMBRANES / [pt] ANÁLISE DINÂMICA DE MEMBRANAS CIRCULARES HIPERELÁSTICAS

RENATA MACHADO SOARES 15 June 2009 (has links)
[pt] Nesta tese são estudadas as vibrações não-lineares de membranas circulares inicialmente tracionadas sujeitas a deformações finitas. O material da membrana é modelado como um material hiperelástico neo-Hookeano, isotrópico e incompressível. Baseada na teoria de deformações finitas para membranas hiperelásticas, uma formulação variacional é desenvolvida. Primeiro a solução da membrana sob tração radial uniforme é obtida e então as equações de movimento da membrana são obtidas pelo princípio de Hamilton. A partir das equações linearizadas, as freqüências e os modos de vibração da membrana são obtidos analiticamente. Os modos naturais são usados para aproximar o campo de deformações não-linear usando o método de Galerkin e modelos de ordem reduzida são deduzidos através do método de Karhunen-Loève e de métodos analíticos. Além disso, estuda-se a influência da variação da massa específica e da espessura ao longo da direção radial da membrana nas vibrações. A seguir a mesma metodologia é utilizada para uma membrana anular. Por fim, estudam-se as vibrações não-lineares da membrana anular acoplada a uma inclusão rígida que insere tensões de tração na membrana, pois, devido ao seu peso próprio, provoca deslocamentos estáticos transversais e axissimétricos na membrana. Os mesmos problemas são analisados por elementos finitos utilizando o programa comercial Abaqus. / [en] This work presents an analysis of the nonlinear vibration response of a prestretched hyperelastic circular membrane subjected to finite deformations. The membrane material is assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous and neo-Hookean. Based on the theory of finite deformations for hyperelastic membranes, a variational formulation is developed. First the exact solution of the membrane under a uniform radial stretch is obtained and then the equations of motion of the pre-stretched membrane are derived using the Hamilton’s principle. From the linearized equations of motion, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the membrane are obtained analytically. Then the natural modes are used to approximate the nonlinear deformation field using the Galerkin method. Several reduced order models are tested using the Karhunen-Loève method and analytical methods. Besides, the influence of the variation of the membrane thickness and material density along the radial direction of the membrane on the vibrations is investigated. The same methodology it is used for the annular membrane. Finally, the non-linear vibrations of the annular membrane coupled to a rigid inclusion are studied. The rigid inclusion inserts traction forces in the membrane and its own weight causes static transverse and radial displacements in the membrane. The same problems are analyzed by finite elements using the commercial program Abaqus®.
148

Évolution de la cohérence et dynamique non-linéaire des lasers à la meso-échelle / Coherence buildup and nonlinear dynamics in mesoscale lasers

Wang, Tao 19 April 2016 (has links)
Le laser est omniprésent dans la recherche et les applications. Les efforts de miniaturisation, qui affectent le développement de sa cohérence, se sont multipliés depuis sa découverte, mais seulement avec les plus petits Lasers à Emission Verticale (VCSELs) on détecte l'influence du volume de cavité sur les propriétés d'émission. Ainsi on se pose des questions sur l'apparition et le développement de la cohérence, sur la valeur (unique ?) du seuil laser, sur l'existence d'un tel seuil dans un nanolaser et sur la réponse à la modulation du pompage. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons le fonctionnement du laser autour du « seuil » pour obtenir des réponses expérimentales à quelques-unes des questions posées dans des lasers à la meso-échelle. Les fonctions de corrélation, la dynamique temporelle, la reconstruction de l'espace des phases, des indicateurs statistiques et des mesures spatialement résolues d'intensité et de longueur d'onde d'émission sont les indicateurs utilisés dans cette étude. La dynamique est étudiée modulant sinusoïdalement des petits VCSEL, où nous obtenons : des impulsions dans la région du seuil, amplification anormale de l'émission spontanée (en polarisation croisée), oscillations régulières et (surtout) irrégulières par la forte influence de l'émission spontanée dans ces petits dispositifs. Enfin, une caractérisation bidimensionnelle des propriétés du rayonnement, transversalement à l'émission, montre la corrélation entre la croissance de la cohérence et celle du mode laser. Pour les dispositifs plus grands, cette analyse jette les bases pour l'étude du développement de la cohérence dans les lasers spatialement étendus. / Coherent light sources are nowadays ubiquitous in scientific research and engineering applications and have been miniaturized since their inception. Physically, the onset and development of laser coherence is largely affected by the cavity size reduction, but this becomes apparent only for the smallest Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). Thus the following questions arise: When does coherence set in? How does it develop? How do we define threshold? Is there a unique threshold value and does it exist at all for a nanolaser? What is the dynamical response to modulation in this uncharted territory? In this thesis we explore the regime of laser operation around what is conventionally called the threshold point and obtain experimental answers to some of the questions from mesoscale lasers. Correlation functions, temporal dynamics, phase space reconstruction, statistical indicators and spatially-resolved intensity and emission wavelength measurements are the indicators for the answers we seek. The dynamical response is investigated by applying a sinusoidal modulation to very small VCSELs, where we obtain the amplification of pulses in the threshold region, anomalous amplification of the spontaneous emission (in a cross-polarized channel), regular and (mostly) irregular pulsations due to the strong influence of spontaneous emission in these small devices. Finally, a two-dimensional characterization of the radiation properties transversely to the emission shows the correlation between coherence buildup and the establishment of a laser mode. For larger devices, this analysis lays the foundation for investigating the buildup of coherence in spatially extended lasers.
149

Chaotic pattern dynamics on sun-melted snow

Mitchell, Kevin A. 11 1900 (has links)
This thesis describes the comparison of time-lapse field observations of suncups on alpine snow with numerical simulations. The simulations consist of solutions to a nonlinear partial differential equation which exhibits spontaneous pattern formation from a low amplitude, random initial surface. Both the field observations and the numerical solutions are found to saturate at a characteristic height and fluctuate chaotically with time. The timescale of these fluctuations is found to be instrumental in determining the full set of parameters for the numerical model such that it mimics the nonlinear dynamics of suncups. These parameters in turn are related to the change in albedo of the snow surface caused by the presence of suncups. This suggests the more general importance of dynamical behaviour in gaining an understanding of pattern formation phenomena. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate
150

Self-Organized Dynamics of Power Grids: Smart Grids, Fluctuations and Cascades

Schäfer, Benjamin 16 November 2017 (has links)
No description available.

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