With an increased human impact, natural resources are under great pressure.  Deforestation is one effect of this, and the largest threat against biodiversity.. Changes in tropical habitats is a major concern for conservation biologists, due to its high biodiversity and rapid decreased area. Recently, developmental activities and habitat destruction have caused a major decline in the abundance of the terrestrial mega-fauna.This is especially evident in areas with a high human population and a rich mega-fauna as in India. The purpose of this project was to determine the land-use cover change (LUCC) in the area of Karbi Anglong, which lies in the middle of Assam, India. This was done by identifying different vegetation types from satellite images, from the years 1992, 2002 and 2011 using a remote sensing application (ERDAS) and ArcGIS. Interviews in the area werealso operated, and data about how animal use the corridors were used along with registered human-tiger conflicts. The results show that during the first period, a total of 360 km2 of the area changed vegetation type, mostly due to an increase of agricultural areas. The second largest change (79 km2) was an increase of moist mixed deciduous forest which seems to have taken over some of the semi evergreen forest’s previous area. If that is the case it is most likely an effect of selective logging from the local people, who use fire wood as fuel.All in all, there has been a great habitat loss along withfragmentation of the landscape. The conflict data shows that tigers are present between the core areas, and the interviews show that the migrations of other animals are also common.To maintain the high ecological values in Karbi Anglong, it is of great importance to maintain connectivity between core areas and stop further habitat loss and fragmentation.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common and preventable cause of morbidity among individuals and hospital in-patient mortality. Further, it imposes a substantial burden upon the community and its health care system and economy. Studies performed in Western societies suggest that the annual incidence of DVT is about 0.8 to 1.2 per 1,000, PE about 0.3 to 0.6 per 1,000, and VTE about 1.0 to 1.8 per 1,000. However, it is not known if these estimates can be generalised to the Australian population because of differences in ethnic composition and other risk factors for VTE among the different populations. In this thesis, I undertook a prospective, community-based cohort study over a 13-month period in 2003 – 2004 to determine the incidence and crude event rate of symptomatic, objectively verified VTE in north-east metropolitan Perth. The study population was broadly representative of the national Australian population in terms of age, sex and ethnic distribution. Cases were identified through multiple overlapping sources. The incidence of DVT, PE and VTE in the community were 0.52 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.41 – 0.63), 0.31 (95% CI: 0.22 – 0.40) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.69 – 0.97) per 1000 per year, respectively. The annual incidence of DVT, adjusted to the World Standard population, was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.26 – 0.44) per 1000, PE 0.21 (95% CI: 0.14 – 0.28) per 1000 and VTE 0.57 (95% CI: 0.47 – 0.67) per 1000. The crude event rate for VTE was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.71 – 0.99) per 1000 per year. These findings suggest that the incidence of DVT, PE and VTE are lower than in other Western societies studied. Possible reasons include a lower prevalence of exposure to causal risk factors (genetic and environmental) and incomplete case ascertainment. Knowledge of the local incidence and event rate allows health planners to allocate appropriate resources and evaluate cost-effective preventive measures.

This PhD thesis studies the evolution of the peculiar mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the mollusc Melarhaphe neritoides. We measured mtDNA diversity and elucidated the evolutionary forces that shape the evolution of the organelle.The mtDNA in M. neritoides harbours a remarkable amount of polymorphism at selectively neutral nucleotide sites (π_syn = 6.8 %), called hyperdiversity when above the threshold of 5 %. We revealed that an elevated mutation rate (µ = 5.8 × 10-5 per site per year at the COI locus), which is 1000 fold higher than in other metazoans, is likely the primary force generating mtDNA hyperdiversity. Such mtDNA hyperdiversity may be more common across other phyla and more frequently linked to high µ values, than currently appreciated.Natural selection is a second force, which shapes mtDNA hyperdiversity. Positive selection influences the overall mtDNA polymorphism in the 16S, COI and Cytb genes, including synonymous sites at which mtDNA hyperdiversity is calculated. Therefore, synonymous sites in M. neritoides are not neutral but possibly positively selected. Strong purifying selection maintains a low non-synonymous polymorphism in the 13 protein-coding genes of the mitogenome, so that a very few changes in nucleotide sequence induce changes in amino acid sequence. The effective population size of this planktonic-dispersing species is surprisingly small in the North East Atlantic (Ne = 1303), likely biased by selection, and for this reason, Ne is a poor indicator of mtDNA hyperdiversity.Migration is a third force, which homogenises the gene pool of the species through high rates of gene flow, predominantly eastward, and results in high connectivity and panmixia over the entire North East Atlantic.Genetic drift, the fourth force, is not sufficient in M. neritoides to lower mtDNA diversity, and populations show no differentiation.This thesis also highlights an important pitfall. The use of hyperdiverse markers may easily lead to erroneous interpretations of differentiation statistics and connectivity pattern, due to the lack of shared haplotypes in datasets induced by a high µ. First, D_EST may reach a maximal value of 1 but is not indicative of differentiation in terms of fixation (D_EST = 1 ≠ φ_ST = 1), and only reflects differentiation in terms of lack of shared haplotypes. Second, the signal of gene flow is concealed in haplotype network bush-like pattern.Rapid evolution of mtDNA results in significant selection pressure for co-adaptation of the nuclear genome encoding mitochondrial proteins. The elevated µ underlying mtDNA hyperdiversity provides an interesting framework for better understanding how mutational dynamics and selection that drive mitonuclear coevolution contribute to speciation. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les mesures microtectoniques, les coupes et les logs lithostratigraphiques, les données de forages pétroliers et les profils sismiques, en Tunisie nord-orientale onshore et offshore, montrent: (i) une variation latérale et en profondeur des séries lithostratigraphiques, (ii) une série de structures faillées en subsurface, caractérisées par des plis de direction N45°, des failles inverses et des décrochements N90-110° dextres et N160-180° sénestres auxquels sont associés des bassins. Les déformations tectoniques reconnues par les données sismiques n'affectent que des zones étroites, allongées et orientées selon trois directions majeures: N45°, N100-120° et N160-180°. Les données microtectoniques ont dévoilé une dominance de fractures NW-SE, NNE-SSW et NE-SW à ENE-WSW respectivement sur les formations du Valenginien-Tortonien, Aptien et Yprésien, et Aptien, Yprésien et Langhien. L'association de toutes les données a permis de mettre en évidence: (a) une phase extensive au Crétacé de direction moyenne N110° matérialisée par des failles normales subméridiennes, NW-SE à WNW-ESE dextres, ENE-WSW à NE-SW senestres, (b) une compression de direction NW-SE pendant l'Eocène, (c) une extension de direction NE-SW à l'Oligocène, (d) une compression de direction NW-SE au Tortonien suivie par (e) une distension NE-SW au Messinien et enfin (f) une compression au Pliocène de direction NW-SE. Ces phases alpine et atlasique s'amortissent vers l'Est lors de la transition onshore-offshore et leur ampleur diminue d'Ouest et Nord-Ouest vers l'Est. On y observe des zones fortement faillées et plissées, alors que vers l'Est elles sont faillées et structurées en horsts et en grabens. Les réservoirs sont bien développés et sont de deux types : (i) carbonatés et fracturés (formations Abiod, Métlaoui, Souar et Chérahil, et Aïn Grab) et (ii) siliciclastiques (formations Birsa et Saouaf). Les roches mères qui constituent les formations Fahdène, Métlaoui, Bou Dabbous et El Gueria, ont alimenté ces réservoirs. Des pièges tantôt structuraux, associés à des structures plissées et fermées par failles, tantôt stratigraphiques, induits par changement de faciès, se sont développés suite à ces phases de compression. Les séries argileuses épaisses des formations El Haria, Souar et Chérahil, et Oum Dhouil constituent de bonnes couvertures continues qui scellent les structures des réservoirs. Les inversions structurales et la tectonique tangentielle en Tunisie orientale jouent un rôle important dans la structuration de la couverture et de l'évolution du système pétrolier. / Microtectonic measurements, the lithostratigraphic cross-sections and logs, the data of oil drillings and the seismic profiles, in north-eastern Tunisia onshore and offshore, show: (i) a side and in-depth variation of the lithostratigraphic series, (ii) a series of faulted structures at subsurface, characterized by folds oriented N45°, reverse faults and N90-110° dextral and N160-180° sinistral strike-slips associated with basins. The tectonic deformations recognized by the seismic data affect only narrow zones, lengthened and oriented according to three major directions: N45°, N100-120° and N160-180°. The microtectonic data revealed a predominance of fractures NW-SE, NNE-SSW and NE-SW to ENE-WSW on the formations of Valenginian-Tortonian and Ypresian Aptian and Aptian, Ypresian and Langhian, respectively. The associations of all data helped to identify: (a) an extensive phase Cretaceous in age, ~N110° oriented and materialized by NS normal faults, NW-SE to WNW-ESE dextral and ENE-WSW to NE-SW sinistral faults, (b) a NW-SE compression during the Eocene, (c) a NE-SW Oligocene extension, (d) a NW-SE Tortonian compression followed by (e) a NE-SW Messinian distension and (f) a NW-SE Pliocene compression. These Alpine and Atlassic phases decrease eastwards at the onshore-offshore transition and their magnitude decreases from the West and Northwest to the East, where strongly folded and faulted zones can be observed, whereas Eastwards they are faulted and structured in folds and troughs. The reservoirs are well developed and are of two types: (i) carbonated and fractured (Abiod, Métlaoui, Souar and Chérahil, and Aïn Grab formations) and (ii) siliciclastic (Birsa and Saouaf formations). Sometimes structural traps, associated with structures folded and closed by faults, sometimes stratigraphic, induced by change of facies, developed following these compression stages. The bed rocks which constitute the Fahdène, Métlaoui, Bou Dabbous and El Gueria formations, supplied these reservoirs. The thick argillaceous series of the El Haria, Souar and Chérahil, and Oum Dhouil formations constitute good continuous covers which seal the structures of the reservoirs. The structural inversions and thrusting in Eastern Tunisia play a significant role in the structuring of the cover and the evolution of the oil system.

This work describes cohesion policy on three levels: cohesion policy of EU, of Czech republic and of North-East cohesion region. The first chapter is about cohesion policy in EU. It contains information about legal and programming documents and about development of cohesion policy. The second chapter describes cohesion policy in the Czech republic. It deals with documents, programs and authorities. The third chapter is about cohesion policy in the North-East cohesion region. It characterizes situation in the region, operational programs and concrete projects.

This essay explores setting, myth and magic in three of David Almond’s narratives for children: Skellig (2000), My Name is Mina (2010) and A Song for Ella Grey (2015). It looks at how magic influences and changes the way the characters view their local environment. This essay shows myth as a recurring theme in Almond’s narratives, the myths themselves as well as the mythological beings within the stories and how magic is brought to life in the North East setting, making the environment and everyday life extraordinary and magical.

No / This essay explores some of the social, political, and cultural meanings of 'eccentricity' in nineteenth-century England. It does this through examining the treatment of 'local characters' extensively recorded in North-East histories, newspapers, and ballads, and depicted in visual material in the period c. 1800¿1901. The first part examines the typology emerging from these media; and demonstrates how mental and physical abnormality, transgression of social mores, and odd beliefs, were classed as 'eccentric'. A study of representations of eccentricity, many of which were commercially available, forms the second part, supported by illustrations relating to popular figures such as William Purvis, or Blind Willy, of Newcastle. Eccentricities were identified across the region, in rural areas as well as in the 'public spaces' of Durham, Sunderland, and Newcastle. The final part relates this chronicling of odd characters to Victorian culture; the region's social history; and local patriotism across the period, but especially the late Victorian period, when the popularity of local history ensured a prominent place for eccentrics as emblematic of the quaint past in the North-East (and, it is indicated, elsewhere). Finally, the uses of eccentric characters are briefly discussed more broadly in terms of moralism and stigmatism.

nÃo hà / This dissertation is a presentation of practical studies based on statistics and other data of the International Trade Balance, imports and exports of North-East Region of Brazil --of which the three most import states are Bahia, Cearà and Pernambuco--, and of national economic from 1990 through 2001. The figures of foreign commerce of each individual state, of the whole region, and of the country as a whole, are measured and compared. The grade of openness of each of these economies is revealed. Through the method of Ordinary Minimum Squares (OMM) an estimate is made of the past impact of internal variables like price (exchange rates), local revenues (industrial production and ICMS), and external revenues (the USA index of Industrial Product and GNP) on the regionâs ability to augment the volume of exports and imports. / This dissertation is a presentation of practical studies based on statistics and other data of the International Trade Balance, imports and exports of North-East Region of Brazil --of which the three most import states are Bahia, Cearà and Pernambuco--, and of national economic from 1990 through 2001. The figures of foreign commerce of each individual state, of the whole region, and of the country as a whole, are measured and compared. The grade of openness of each of these economies is revealed. Through the method of Ordinary Minimum Squares (OMM) an estimate is made of the past impact of internal variables like price (exchange rates), local revenues (industrial production and ICMS), and external revenues (the USA index of Industrial Product and GNP) on the regionâs ability to augment the volume of exports and imports.

Univ., Diss.--Göteborg, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. 210 - 221.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 979797 bytes, checksum: dab209f9b880125b433a97cd8845ca73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between school knowledge and academic knowledge. Everyday work and the way the findings and revisions of scientific subjects are published, mainly the Press and cultural industry, almost always associate the academic production to the contents to be taught at school leading thus, to a hierarchical vision. This work follows as a theoretical approach the history of the school subjects since it advocates a hierarchical relationship between school knowledge and academic knowledge. It also assumes school as a place of production of scholastic achievements. In order to attain our goal the following books were analised GEOGRAPHIA DO BRASIL (1927) by Delgado de Carvalho, GEOGRAFIA DO BRASIL ( 1958) by Aroldo de Azevedo e GEOGRAFIA CRÍTICA, O ESPAÇO SOCIAL E O ESPAÇO BRASILEIRO (2006) by José William Vesentini e Vânia Vlach, whose approach is the history of school subjects. Seen from this perspective, we try to understand the way the content North-east region is presented in the referred works. It is understandable that the didactic book is not by itself responsible for schooling, whose relationship depends upon a series of complex factors, however, its discussion follow the school educational practices. As such, we worked these didactic resources so as to understand their contribution for the history of Geography as school subject. A dialogue with various authors about region as geographical category is presented in order to systematize how it was constituted in the field of Geography. In this work the fundamental aspect is to analyze how region is treated in Geography at school and how this relation is connected. By analyzing the referred didactic books we intend to contribute to the history of thinking and educational practices and experiences. Thus, we believe that revealing contents of representations and predominant values in a certain period of a society allow us discuss anew intentions and projects of construction and social formation. The didactic book and formal education are not out of political and cultural contexts as well as domineering relations being, many times, useful instruments for legitimizing systems of power. Due to the fact that they are representative of specific cultural universe, they play, actually, the role of mediators between concepts and political and cultural practices turning themselves important parts in the mechanism of maintenance of determined views of the world. / O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar a relação entre os saberes escolares e os acadêmicos. O cotidiano do trabalho e a forma como as descobertas e/ou revisões de assuntos científicos são divulgados, principalmente pela mídia e pela indústria cultural, associam quase sempre os conteúdos a ser ensinados nas escolas com a produção acadêmica, resultando daí uma visão hierárquica. Neste trabalho nos aproximamos de uma corrente teórica, a história das disciplinas escolares, que advoga uma relação não hierárquica entre a produção do conhecimento escolar e acadêmico, tendo em vista que compreende a escola como espaço de produção do saber escolar. Para atingir o referido objetivo analisamos três livros didáticos: Geographia do Brasil (1927), de Delgado de Carvalho, Geografia do Brasil (1958), de Aroldo de Azevedo e Geografia Crítica, o espaço social e o espaço brasileiro (2006), de José William Vesentini e Vânia Vlach, à luz da história das disciplinas escolares. Nessa perspectiva buscamos compreender como o conteúdo: Região Nordeste é apresentado nos referidas obras. É certo que o livro didático não responde sozinho pelo ensino, cujas relações se condicionam em uma série complexa de fatores, porém, sua discussão acompanha as práticas educacionais da escola. Desse modo, trabalhamos com esse recurso didático de forma a tentar compreender a sua contribuição para a história da disciplina escolar Geografia. Um diálogo com diversos autores sobre a categoria geográfica região é apresentado para tentar sistematizar como é que essa se constituiu no campo da Geografia. Neste trabalho, o que é mais fundamental é analisar como a região é tratada na Geografia Escolar e como se dá a relação com estes autores. Com a análise dos livros didáticos citados pretendemos contribuir com a história do pensamento e das práticas educacionais. Pois acreditamos que conteúdos reveladores de representações e valores predominantes num certo período de uma sociedade que, simultaneamente à historiografia da educação e da teoria da história, permitem rediscutir intenções e projetos de construção e de formação social. O livro didático e a educação formal não estão deslocados do contexto político e cultural e das relações de dominação, sendo, muitas vezes, instrumentos utilizados na legitimação de sistemas de poder. Por serem representativos de universos culturais específicos, atuam, na verdade, como mediadores entre concepções e práticas políticas e culturais, tornando-se parte importante na engrenagem de manutenção de determinadas visões de mundo.