Native Americans from the middle Connecticut River Valley of New England experienced massive social disruptions during the seventeenth century due to European settlement, but not much is known about their cultural continuities and/or discontinuities during this dynamic period. As an additive technology, ceramics embody the technical choices of potters made at the time of manufacture thus enabling the study of the effect, if any, of colonialism on indigenous material culture and practices in New England. This study examines ceramic assemblages from one Late Woodland period site and one seventeenth-century site in Deerfield, Massachusetts to explore the extent to which ceramics can demonstrate continuities and/or changes in traditional ceramic manufacturing practices in response and/or resistance to colonization.

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Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are a risk factor for the development of future physical and mental health problems. Programs are needed that prevent and address the impact of ACEs on a population-based level. As a pediatric primary care clinic serving Northeast Tennessee, our goal was to better understand the knowledge and perceptions of the effects of ACEs among parents/caregivers and health professionals in Northeast Tennessee. Methods: During the summer of 2017, 51 parents/caregivers visiting a health education table at a family event in a local public library completed an anonymous survey to help us understand what people think about how ACEs affect children and adults. 20 health care professionals at a local pediatric primary care clinic completed the same anonymous survey. Survey results were entered into Excel and analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Results: Fewer than one-third of parents/caregivers in this sample had heard of the term "ACEs" prior to receiving this survey. However, after being provided with a definition of ACEs, most respondents agreed that ACEs could affect children's behavior and adult mental health. Agreement was less for perceptions of effects on physical health in adults. Most respondents recognized that a parent’s own ACE exposure could make parenting more difficult and that having a strong support system is helpful in counteracting these negative effects. Healthcare providers were more likely than parents/caregivers to have heard of the term ACEs before, however only half were familiar with the term. After being provided with a definition of ACEs, most healthcare providers agreed on their effects on children and adults. Perceptions that having a strong support system could counteract the effects of ACEs were slightly lower among health care providers as compared to parents/caregivers. Conclusion: The low awareness of ACEs found by our survey confirms the need for a new initiative to screen for ACEs and provide trauma-informed care in our clinic. The project, Baby Steps for Success, will involve screening children and parents/caregivers for ACEs, providing brief education on ACEs, and building resilience. Engaging and supporting families around healthy behaviors and interactions will be accomplished using Reach Out and Read and ReadNPlay for a Bright Future beginning in early infancy. Intervention with the Incredible Years program and Ecomap assessments will be provided to high-risk families with 2 or more ACEs. Families with four or more ACEs will be offered the Nurturing Parenting curriculum through a series of home and group visits. Partners for this project will include ETSU Pediatrics, Families Free, and the Northeast TN Regional Health Office.

Two Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) outbreaks occurred almost simultaneously in the United States (US) (2014-2015) and in Cambodia (2015). Information is lacking on HIV-related knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, and high-risk behaviors (KAB) among the general population, which may affect the transmission of HIV and lead to outbreaks. The current study aimed to: 1) assess KAB among the general population in a high-risk county in the US, 2) analyze KAB among the general population of Cambodia, and 3) compare KAB across samples from a high-risk county in Northeast Tennessee and a province in Cambodia. Tennessee data were collected in 2017 and Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey data were from 2014. Descriptive, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, Bonferroni, and Spearman’s correlation as well as simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted on individual questions and KAB variables. Among Northeast Tennessee participants, 92.6% had heard of HIV, 43.5% knew that HIV could not be transmitted by mosquitos, and 67.8% of participants had never tested for HIV. Cambodian females aged 20-29, 30-39, and ≥40 were more likely to have a high level of HIV knowledge than those aged 15-19 (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.4, 1.6, and 1.6, respectively). Cambodian males who completed secondary and higher education had significantly higher odds of having a high level of HIV knowledge (OR: 2.3 and 2.9, respectively) and lower odds of engaging in some high-risk behaviors (OR: 0.3 and 0.2, respectively) than those who had completed no level of education. Battambang participants were more likely to have a high level of HIV knowledge (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 2.14-9.24) and less likely to have at least one stigmatizing attitude (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24-0.94) and one high-risk behavior (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.08-0.33) compared to Northeast Tennessee participants. Future studies are needed to determine associations between results and policies/laws, frequency of personal contact, and other differences between the two locations. KAB can greatly impact the outcome of HIV prevalence within a community. Having a greater understanding of KAB and creating interventions based on that understanding can have a positive influence on HIV infection and related outcomes.

TITLE: Intent to Vaccinate Children Against COVID-19 by Caregiver Vaccination Status in Northeast Tennessee AUTHOR INFO Yordanos Tafesse MD1 tafesse@etsu.edu Olivia A. Sullivan, EMT, MPH1 sullivano@etsu.edu Samuel Pettyjohn, DrPH, MPH1 pettyjohns@etsu.edu 1 Center for Rural Health Research, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN. Addressing vaccine hesitancy is crucial in mitigating the spread of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Children are mostly asymptomatic or have milder symptoms of COVID-19 than adults, and thus may remain undiagnosed, allowing the disease to spread to a large number of people; they are also at a high risk of long-term morbidity from as-of-yet undetermined effects of “long COVID.” Therefore, this analysis sought to examine caregivers’ intent to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19 based on the caregivers’ vaccination status and the age of the children. Using a secondary dataset from a survey in Northeast Tennessee, researchers found a significant difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated caregivers in intent to vaccinate their children in all age groups. Among caregivers with vaccine-eligible (12+ years children), unvaccinated caregivers (n=16) were significantly more likely than vaccinated caregivers (n=71) to not have had their child vaccinated (X2=24, df=1, p=7.8x10-7). Among caregivers who had not yet had their children vaccinated, unvaccinated caregivers (n=23) were significantly more likely to indicate they would “definitely not” get their children vaccinated than vaccinated caregivers (n=76) among all age groups of children: 0-4 years (X2=7.8, df=1, p=5.1x10-3), 5-9 years (X2=28, df=1, p=1.4x10-7), 10-13 years (X2=30, df=1, p=3.6x10-8), and 14+ years (X2=16, df=1, p=6.1x10-5) (Figure 2). The percentage of caregivers indicating they would “definitely not” get their child vaccinated differed by age of children among vaccinated caregivers (X2=11, df=3, p=0.011) but not unvaccinated caregivers (X2=5.1, df=3, p=0.16). Limitations include a small number of unvaccinated caregivers in the sample and the inability to account for correlation in the data. These results corroborate other findings nationwide, and demonstrate the need to provide high-quality education to address vaccine hesitancy in Northeast Tennessee.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guedes_tb_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2666469 bytes, checksum: 4c52fa2cebf7eb42b4ae2e64145d5733 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Estudos sobre conhecimento taxonômico, riqueza, distribuição espacial e biogeografia da biota são urgentes na Caatinga. Esta região natural brasileira é a terceira mais alterada por ações antrópicas, a mais negligenciada quanto a conservação da sua biodiversidade e menos protegida em áreas de conservação de proteção integral. Além disso, a Caatinga é uma das porções naturais brasileiras menos conhecidas no que diz respeito a sua biodiversidade, o que dificulta a implementação de medidas para conservação. Esta escassez de dados também impede o conhecimento mais abrangente sobre diversidade e biogeografia tropical. Neste trabalho, é apresentado um estudo amplo sobre riqueza, história natural, distribuição geográfica e biogeografia das espécies d e serpentes da Caatinga. Este é o primeiro estudo de enfoque na ampla região da Caatinga, reunindo informações obtidas a partir da análise direta de 7.102 espécimes tombados em 17 coleções zoológicas, somados à 250 registro obtidos em literatura. Foram co nfirmadas a ocorrência de 112 espécies de serpentes para a região da Caatinga (pertencentes a nove famílias), das quais 22 (20%) são endêmicas. Mapas detalhados de distribuição são fornecidos para todas as espécies com pelo menos um registro na Caatinga. O s valores de riqueza duplicam os valores conhecidos para a área, a lista de endêmicos é a primeira. Os dados mostram que a fauna de serpentes da Caatinga é complexa, compartilhando espécies presentes em outros domínios de paisagens brasileiras , mas também é constituída de espécies únicas . A área mais rica são as áreas elevadas (com mais de 500 m de altitude), e as dunas do médio Rio São Francisco abrigam o maior número de endêmicos. De forma geral, a s espécies de serpentes da Caatinga usam predominantemente o solo como substrato , tem a dieta... / Studies on taxonomy , richness and geographic distribution are imperative on Caatinga, the third most degraded Brazilian natural region and the most neglected abo ut conservation, with a small portion of legally protected areas. Moreover, the Caatinga is one of least studied natural Brazilian region , and this lack of data hampers the implementation of conservation measures. The scarce data for the Caatinga also hampers a more comprehensive knowledge on biodiversity and biogeography of the Neotropics. Herein we provide an extensive study about richness, natural history, geographic distribution and biogeography of the Caatinga snake fauna. This is the first study focusing in the more comprehensive Caatinga region, based on information collected from the direct analysis of 7,102 specimens housed in 17 collections of natural history, plus 250 records obtained from literature. The Caatinga harbors 112 snake species (in nine families), of which 22 species (20%) are endemics. Detailed maps are provided for all species that occurs in Caatinga. The richness values double s known values for the area , and the snake endemic list is the first provided in the region. Our data show that the Caatinga snake fauna is complex, sharing species with other Brazilian natural regions, but also harboring a unique biota of regionalized endemics. The richest areas are highlands (altitude upper 500 m), and São Francisco Dunes hosts the most endemic species. Generally, the Caatinga snake species uses predominantly the ground as substrate, the diet is formed by vertebrate prey, and are di urnal. The Caatinga snake fauna is not homogeneous, with major distribution patterns corroborating central p redictions of the vicariance model. The snakes showed significantly clustered ranges, forming eight biotic elements inside Caatinga. Distribution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Text in English / This study analyses the application of a community based intervention, the Care Group (CG) model, in relief work in Somalia and South Sudan. On the basis of expert interviews and a variety of documents it was researched whether the CG model is applicable to the context mentioned or if adaptations would be necessary. An increase in prolonged crises challenges humanitarian action to adapt relief work to longer-term interventions. The concept of combining the strengths of development cooperation and humanitarian action - Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development - is looked at in this study. Furthermore, for example, the asset-based community development approach, humanitarian work and characteristics of a protracted crisis were explored as the theoretical back-ground. The findings and the conclusion of this research may provide inputs for other humanitarian NGOs that are working in chronic conflict situations and being confronted with the need to introduce a long-term method for Behaviour Change Communication. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Orientador: Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques / Coorientador: Cristiano de Campos Nogueira / Banca: Ana Lúcia da C. Prudente / Banca: Hussam El Dine Zaher / Banca: Renato Silveira Bérnils / Banca: Ricardo Jannini Sawaya / Resumo: Estudos sobre conhecimento taxonômico, riqueza, distribuição espacial e biogeografia da biota são urgentes na Caatinga. Esta região natural brasileira é a terceira mais alterada por ações antrópicas, a mais negligenciada quanto a conservação da sua biodiversidade e menos protegida em áreas de conservação de proteção integral. Além disso, a Caatinga é uma das porções naturais brasileiras menos conhecidas no que diz respeito a sua biodiversidade, o que dificulta a implementação de medidas para conservação. Esta escassez de dados também impede o conhecimento mais abrangente sobre diversidade e biogeografia tropical. Neste trabalho, é apresentado um estudo amplo sobre riqueza, história natural, distribuição geográfica e biogeografia das espécies d e serpentes da Caatinga. Este é o primeiro estudo de enfoque na ampla região da Caatinga, reunindo informações obtidas a partir da análise direta de 7.102 espécimes tombados em 17 coleções zoológicas, somados à 250 registro obtidos em literatura. Foram co nfirmadas a ocorrência de 112 espécies de serpentes para a região da Caatinga (pertencentes a nove famílias), das quais 22 (20%) são endêmicas. Mapas detalhados de distribuição são fornecidos para todas as espécies com pelo menos um registro na Caatinga. O s valores de riqueza duplicam os valores conhecidos para a área, a lista de endêmicos é a primeira. Os dados mostram que a fauna de serpentes da Caatinga é complexa, compartilhando espécies presentes em outros domínios de paisagens brasileiras , mas também é constituída de espécies únicas . A área mais rica são as áreas elevadas (com mais de 500 m de altitude), e as dunas do médio Rio São Francisco abrigam o maior número de endêmicos. De forma geral, a s espécies de serpentes da Caatinga usam predominantemente o solo como substrato , tem a dieta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Studies on taxonomy , richness and geographic distribution are imperative on Caatinga, the third most degraded Brazilian natural region and the most neglected abo ut conservation, with a small portion of legally protected areas. Moreover, the Caatinga is one of least studied natural Brazilian region , and this lack of data hampers the implementation of conservation measures. The scarce data for the Caatinga also hampers a more comprehensive knowledge on biodiversity and biogeography of the Neotropics. Herein we provide an extensive study about richness, natural history, geographic distribution and biogeography of the Caatinga snake fauna. This is the first study focusing in the more comprehensive Caatinga region, based on information collected from the direct analysis of 7,102 specimens housed in 17 collections of natural history, plus 250 records obtained from literature. The Caatinga harbors 112 snake species (in nine families), of which 22 species (20%) are endemics. Detailed maps are provided for all species that occurs in Caatinga. The richness values double s known values for the area , and the snake endemic list is the first provided in the region. Our data show that the Caatinga snake fauna is complex, sharing species with other Brazilian natural regions, but also harboring a unique biota of regionalized endemics. The richest areas are highlands (altitude upper 500 m), and São Francisco Dunes hosts the most endemic species. Generally, the Caatinga snake species uses predominantly the ground as substrate, the diet is formed by vertebrate prey, and are di urnal. The Caatinga snake fauna is not homogeneous, with major distribution patterns corroborating central p redictions of the vicariance model. The snakes showed significantly clustered ranges, forming eight biotic elements inside Caatinga. Distribution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor