There is a boat burial in Scar, on Sanday, Orkney that was excavated in 1991. This undergraduate thesis compares Scar with 5 other boat burials from Norway, to determine if the burial custom is uniform or if there are regional differences.  The 6 burials are presented individually and then the type and typology of the finds is compared. The conclusion is that the boat itself and the rivets in the boat burial in Scar are very similar to the burials in Norway, and there are strong similarities between the finds in Scar and the corresponding type of finds in the Norwegian burials. However, they are not uniform in their collections of finds, and this could be due to regional differences. Other potential causes, such as dating of the burials, are discussed as well.

This paper seeks to explain divergent policies toward oil and gas development across two jurisdictions, Alberta, Canada and Norway. Empirical evidence reveals that Norway collects a significantly higher portion of available economic rent from oil and gas activities than Alberta. Edwards (1987) postulates that if we assume governments have similar economic objectives (e.g. to receive the highest possible levels of revenue from the exploitation of a depleting natural resource), then it is to be expected that oil and gas policy outputs in various states would be similar. Why then did Norway develop a policy regime that allows it to capture comparatively higher levels of economic rent? The puzzle is even more interesting given the fact that Alberta and Norway are both advanced, industrialized, mature democracies that share many institutional characteristics. In response to this question, this paper presents a framework that links contemporary variations in rent collection performance to early government policies in Alberta and Norway. Several alternative explanations are tested as a means for understanding these divergent policies: resource differences approaches, bargaining power explanation, and political institutional differences. Finding each of these alternative explanations insufficient, it is argued that fundamental differences in political culture are important for understanding variations in early policies and ultimately in rent collection performance. The implications of this research are important both theoretically and empirically. For one, the analysis overcomes some of the traditional shortcomings of political culture analyses by delineating the specific dimensions of political culture that impacted policy outcomes. The analysis is pushed further by hypothesizing the intervening mechanism linking political culture to policy outcomes, namely motives. On the empirical side, there is a dearth in the political-economy literature dealing with why oil and gas fiscal policy outputs differ between developed states. This research seeks to fill this gap by focusing on how political culture can affect oil and gas policy. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

The objective is to present overall situation in the environmental area and the development of the key indicators in recent years in the Czech Republic in relation to funding systems based on the long term environmental strategy of EU. Altough the thesis is essentialy focused on EU funds, the mention of European Economic Area Grants and Norway Grants is considered important because of increasing use of these funding opportunities. The objective of the chapitres is to present the key funding opportunities from different funding sources and to show some already finished projects.

This essay studies the intergenerational transmission of education in four European countries, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. Ordinal variables are used to distinguish between low, middle and high education for both the respondent and the respondent´s parents. The main findings are that Portugal has the highest intergenerational transmission of education from parents to children. Spain is on a second place, Norway on a third and on a last place, Sweden. Another finding is that the respondent´s that are 50-60 years old have a significantly higher risk of being low educated and a lower chance of being highly educated in comparison to the respondent´s that are 30-40 years old. Having a highly educated parent increases the chance of being highly educated and decreases the risk of being low educated in comparison to having a low educated parent. Having a low educated parent decreases the chance of being highly educated and increases the risk of being low educated in comparison to having a highly educated parent.

The strict family reunification policies in Norway and Denmark have affected many individual’s family life. Individuals currently struggle to be reunited with their non-EU family members because of strict requirements. For some, moving to Sweden can be a solution due to their more liberal reunification policies. This paper analyses how family reunification policy in Norway and Denmark has affected the lives of those who relocate to Sweden. The method that was used for the analysis was the interviewing method. In the theoretical framework transnationalism was applied, and it focuses on the connection transnational migrants have with three countries at the same time. The transnational perspective illustrates the different obstacles transnational migrants face. The analysis showed that the reasons individuals relocated from Denmark and Norway was because of age and income requirements, deportation and suspect of arranged marriage by the migration agencies. The analysis also showed that distance relationship, distant parenthood, social belonging and identity helped shape the individual’s life.

This study was conducted to elucidate and to compare some factors which influence the host-seeking behaviour of adult female simuliids in two geographically isolated regions. Various observations and experiments were performed with the knowledge of a mechanism inherent in the feeding behaviour of simuliids. This approach has helped to clarify the orientation of simuliids to their hosts and has enhanced the understanding of the transmission of parasites by these flies. Further, it was found valuable to determine whether the behaviour state of simuliids influenced their reaction to visual stimuli. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

As immigration to Europe continuously increase, so does governments efforts to control and manage these moving populations, and their national borders. Today, returning migrants without a residence permit is often regarded as a natural measure within the immigration control apparatus, but the means to ensure return, the populations targeted and their legal rights have changed over time. This thesis aims to understand the developments of return policies in the case of Norway, from 1988-2010. By combining the analytical approach of governmentality with theorisations about deportations and migration policy development, I seek to understand how the return regime has been established and transformed. The analysis is based on policy documents as the main material, and the qualitative content analysis reveals that the return regime has developed from several measures initiated to achieve control over different challenging and unforeseen situations that arises throughout the period. Short term solutions create problems in the long run, and the solutions add on to create and establish the return regime.

Stay at home fathers are a growing group in American society. However, most research has focused on the quality of care provided by stay at home fathers, rather than the decision making which determines which parent stays home. We sought to investigate this by attempting to put a price tag on maternal care versus paternal care while examining the potential effects of nationality and social support on that price tag. We collected data from 240 participants in the United States and 250 from Norway via online survey. Participants were asked how much a mother needs to earn to allow her husband to stay at home to provide childcare and how much a father needs to earn to allow his wife to stay at home and provide childcare, in addition to items to assess gender roles attitudes. No effect of social support was found, but Norwegians were slightly more likely than Americans to place a heavier earning burden on the husband. There were few differences in gender role attitudes by nationality. The impact of public policy and social desirability on the results are discussed. / Psychology

<p> There is a large literature discussing social influences on diet choices in rats. However, the ontogeny of social influences on diet choices is poorly understood. Early experiences have dramatic affects on the development and expression of future behaviors.</p> <p> The present research investigates whether early social experience altered the susceptibility to social influences on diet choices in juvenile Norway rats (R. norvegicus). Interactions with dam and siblings between parturition and weaning are prominent features of early rats development. It was hypothesized social behavior developed during this period and rearing pups in social isolation would disrupt the development of normal social behaviors.</p> <p> Conspecifics influence the diet preferences of others by socially interacting. The first experiment investigated whether demonstrators could influence diet choices of rats with no social experience. In terms of diet preferences, demonstrators influenced both normally reared rats and rats reared in social isolation.</p> <p> Interactions with conspecifics and exposure to diet odors without social contexts influenced the diet choices of 21 day old pups. Only interactions with conspecifics influenced diet choices of 28 day old rats. Rearing rats in social isolation may delay the onset of social specificity and the results of experiment 1 may have been the product of two different mechanisms. The second experiment investigated whether rats reared in social isolation attended to socially specific cues or to general olfactory cues. Exposure to flavored diets in a non-social context did not influence diet choices of rats reared in social isolation or normally-reared rats. Thus early social interactions do not appear to be necessary for demonstrator rats to influence the diet choices of other rats.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)