This work deals with the creation of a graphic demo with the use of inverse kinematics. It explains the motivations that led to the creation of the demo; it briefly mentions the history of the demo as well as the principles of animation. It describes in detail the fundamentals of inverse kinematics as well as the terminology needed for the understanding of inverse kinematics. It also includes some selected algorithms. The issue of inverse kinematics is further developed in the part of the work where the principles of skinning are being described. The principles of the collision detection are also mentioned here. The conclusion consists of a detailed explanation of some of the techniques used in graphic demo, such as the L-systems or procedural textures.

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Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 13 décembre 2023) / Pour les interprètes de musique ancienne, les danses baroques sont comme une famille et des voisins ; où que vous alliez, vous trouverez l'une d'entre elles, dans des suites, des sonates, des ballets, des opéras, et même des cantates et des oratorios, sous des noms et des formes variés. Comprendre des aspects essentiels comme le tempo, l'articulation et le phrasé dans la musique de danse baroque nécessite des informations d'interprétation. Grâce aux efforts des chorégraphes contemporains pour faire revivre les danses des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, des informations relativement détaillées sur les pratiques d'interprétation de ces danses ont été obtenues. Ce projet vise à générer de nouvelles idées pour l'interprétation du répertoire de clavecin par le biais d'une étude artistique qui intègre de multiples méthodologies. Celles-ci comprennent l'étude des traités baroques, l'analyse de la notation des danses baroques, la pratique de ces danses et l'étude comparative de la notation de danse et la notation musicale. La validité des résultats de la recherche a été estimée par la pratique, à la fois en tant que danseur et en tant que musicien accompagnant des danseurs, utilisant ainsi la pratique comme outil de recherche. En outre, de nombreuses nouvelles idées d'interprétation ont été découvertes au cours du processus de pratique. / For the early music performers, baroque dances are like family and neighbours; wherever you go, one of them will be found, in suites, sonatas, ballets, operas, and even cantatas and oratorios, with various names and forms. Understanding essential aspects like tempo, articulation, and phrasing in baroque dance music requires interpretive information. Thanks to the efforts of contemporary choreographers to revive the 17th and 18th-century dances, relatively detailed information on the performance practice of these dances has been obtained. This project aims to generate new ideas for interpreting the harpsichord repertoire through an artistic study incorporating multiple methodologies. These include the study of baroque treatises, the analysis of baroque dance notation, the practice of baroque dances, and the comparative study of baroque dance notation and music. The validity of the research findings has been judged through practical application, both as a dancer and as a musician accompanying dancers, effectively using practice as a research tool. Furthermore, numerous new interpretive ideas have been discovered during the practice process.

The thesis "J. S. Bach and His Piano Pieces for Music Art Schools" is focused on interpretation of the piano music of Johann Sebastian Bach. For the right understanding of the composer's musical narratives, it is necessary to acquire the basic knowledge and principles of the music theory in the Baroque era and to become familiar with the environment in which this extraordinary composer had been professionally developing and composing. This musician is presented here as the founder of a modern fingering whose musical language brought a change into musical thinking and he became inspiration and a role model for composers of the next centuries. This thesis highlights the importance of appropriately selected musical materials in piano teaching and it prefers the performance to be as authentic as possible. The main purpose of this paper is to update the knowledge of methodology and to find a comprehensive guide to a correct understanding of musical language of this genius that would help the music teachers introduce to pupils the beauty and timelessness of Bach's musical work and that would motivate them to other musical discoveries and make them desire to be further educated in music.

The master’s thesis solves models of queueing systems, which use the property of Markov chains. The queueing system is a system, where the objects enter into this system in random moments and require the service. This thesis solves specifically such models of queueing systems, in which the intervals between the objects incomings and service time have exponential distribution. In the theoretical part of the master’s thesis I deal with the topics stochastic process, queueing theory, classification of models and description of the models having Markovian property. In the practical part I describe realization and function of the program, which solves simulation of chosen model M/M/m. At the end I compare results which were calculated in analytic way and by simulation of the model M/M/m.

Cette Thèse de sciences de gestion, se propose d’élucider les difficultés que rencontrent les acteurs du système bancaire comorien et apporter des solutions afin de lui garantir sa solidité, stabilité et enfin sa pérennité. Elle est divisée en deux parties. La première porte plus particulièrement sur le cadre national et internationale du système bancaire comorien. La deuxième met en évidence les banques comoriennes confrontées à la transparence financière et aux exigences de supervision prudentielle. Le premier titre de la première partie, tâche à mettre en lumière l’organisation actuelle du système bancaire comorien inspiré du modèle français (chapitre 1) et l’apport du développement récent de la finance islamique (chapitre 2) afin de combler le retard de la banque conventionnelle. La réorganisation de la Banque Centrale des Comores et la mise en place de la banque islamique locale, peuvent contribuer au changement radical du système bancaire comorien. Le deuxième titre, permet au régulateur et prêteur en dernier ressort (Banque Centrale des Comores) de prendre le modèle des normes prudentielles internationales proposées par le Comité de Bâle (Bâle II et III), pour réguler le système bancaire comorien afin de lui garantir sa solidité, stabilité et enfin sa pérennité (chapitre 1). A travers ces recommandations du comité de Bâle, nous avons apporté des solutions en élaborant la Matrice Msahazi Credit Scoring Corporation, destinée aux analyses des données des banques comoriennes contre un risque endogène (Chapitre2). Nous avons aussi élaboré d’autres matrices que les banques comoriennes se serviront pour la notation interne, des risques de contreparties (entreprises et particuliers) afin de lutter contre le risque exogène. La deuxième partie de cette Thèse suggère deux autres solutions : la première est l’exigence de transparence financière des banques comoriennes (Pilier 3 : Bâle2 et 3) afin de lutter contre les malversations financières orchestrées par certains agents (titre I). Le premier chapitre introduit l’objectif de la communication financière de manière générale et la manière dont le comité de Bâle (Bâle 2 et 3) recommande les banques de communiquer leurs informations financières (méthodes d’évaluations des risques et fonds propres). Le deuxième chapitre propose aux banques comoriennes et aux autorités de contrôles, les techniques de notation financière pratiquées au niveau internationale pour distinguer le niveau de solvabilité de la contrepartie. La deuxième solution, nous avons donné à la Banque Centrale des Comores, des techniques pour renforcer la supervision prudentielle (Pilier 2, Bâle 2 et 3), (titre II). Le premier chapitre exige d’une part la direction et le conseil d’administration de la banque de définir les techniques de contrôles, d’indentifications, d’évaluations, gestions des risques et les objectifs de fonds propre à atteindre. D’autre part, l’autorité de contrôle (Banque centrale des Comores) doit passer au crible tous ces outils de contrôle. Au deuxième et dernier chapitre de la recherche, nous avons proposé à la Banque Centrale des Comores des nouvelles méthodes de supervision prudentielle afin de garantir la solidité, stabilité et pérennité du système bancaire. Nous avons l’espoir que l’ensemble de ces suggestions contribueront à préserver la solidité, stabilité et pérennité du système bancaire comorien afin de financer le développement de l’économie comorienne et sortir le pays de la pauvreté. / This thesis on busness management, aims to elucidate the difficulties faced by the stakeholders of the Comorian banking system and to provide solutions to ensure its soundness, stability and sustainability. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first focuses specifically on the national and international context of the Comorian banking system. The second, highlights how the Comorian banks should adapt to the financial transparency and prudential supervision requirements. The first title of the first part, tries toshed light on the current organization of the Comorian banking system based on the French model (Chapter 1) and the contribution of the recent development of Islamic finance (Chapter 2) to close the gap in conventional banking. The reorganization of the Central Bank of the Comoros and the establishment of the local Islamic bank can contribute to a radical change in the Comorian banking system. The second title allows the regulator and lender of last resort (Central Bank of the Comoros ) to take the model of international prudential standards proposed by the Basel Committee (Basel II and III) to regulate the Comorian banking system in order to guarantee its soundness, stability and finally sustainability (Chapter 1). Through these recommendations of the Basel committee, we have provided solutions by developing Msahazi Credit Scoring Matrix Corporation, intended to analyse data of Comorian banks against endogenous risk (Chapter 2). We have also developed matrices other than Comorian banks used for internal rating of the counterparty risk (companies and individuals) to fight against exogenous risk. The second part of this thesis suggests two alternatives: the first is the requirement of financial transparency for Comorian banks (Pillar 3: Basel Conventions 2 and 3) in order to fight against embezzlement orchestrated by certain agents (Title I). The first chapter introduces the objective of financial reporting in general, and how the Basel Committee (Basel 2 and 3) asks banks to disclose their financial information (methods of risk assessments and equity). The second chapter provides credit rating techniques practiced at international level to the Comorian banks and supervisory authorities in order to distinguish the level of creditworthiness of companies and clients concerned. The second alternative we have given to the Central Bank of the Comoros is the techniques for strengthening prudential supervision (Pillar 2, Basel 2 and 3), (Title II) . The first chapter requires both the management and the bank's board of directors to define control techniques, identifications, assessments, risk managements and core capital goals. On the other hand, the supervisory authority (Comoros Central Bank) has to go through all these control tools. In the second and final chapter of the research, we propose to the Central Bank of the Comoros new prudential supervision methods to ensure the soundness, stability and sustainability of the banking system. We hope that all of these suggestions will help to preserve the soundness, stability and durability of the Comorian banking system in order to finance the development of the Comorian economy and lift the country out of poverty.