Realism is a mode of representation that purports to depict contemporary society objectively and in its entirety. By contrast, modernist artists are often regarded as having turned away from external reality to represent subjective states and to emphasize the artistic (versus mimetic) qualities of art. Building on recent scholarship that has demonstrated that Spanish realist authors were mindful of the limitations of the realist project, this study examines frames as devices through which both realist and modernist authors and artists working in fin-de-siècle Spain signal the limits of perception and representation. / Romance Languages and Literatures

published_or_final_version / English / Master / Master of Philosophy

Lou, the heroine of Marian Engel's Bear, attempts to confront the difficulties she has with male domination in a relationship with a semi-tame bear, but fails to resolve them because both female subjectivity and the patriarchy are socially constructed.

Edward Whittemore (1933-1995) is a now almost unknown American writer. This project seeks to bring Edward Whittemore to light. Though he has a simple voice and a subtle but vast knowledge of history, he writes with a fantastic imagination and dramatizes a timely but tragic message. In “Part One” of Sinai Tapestry, Whittemore explores the complex relationship between Chaos and Order through the extravagant lives of his major characters, Plantagenet Strongbow and Skanderbeg Wallenstein. Through a biography of Whittemore’s life and a close analysis of Strongbow’s and Wallenstein’s relationship, I will highlight Whittemore’s depth as an author and thinker, make evident his availability to literary analysis and critical theory, and argue the presence of Whittemore’s own ideology regarding the systems that govern human experience.

В первой части магистерской работы реферативно представлена теория романа М.М.Бахтина, а также научный взгляд на данную теорию. Во второй, практической, части представлен литературоведческий анализ финалов/ эпилогов классических романов XIX в., и сде��ана попытка применить теорию романа М.М.Бахтина на практике. / Pirmoje magisrto darbo dalyje yra referuojama M.M. Bachtino romano teorija, o taip pat kitų mokslininkų požiūris į šią teorija. Antroje, praktinėje, dalyje atlikta literatūrologinė klasikinių XIX a. romanų finalų analizė ir yra mėginama panaudoti M. M. Bachtino romano teoriją praktikoje. / In the first part the works is the theory of the novel of M.M.Bachtin, and also a scientific view on the given theory is presented. In the second, practical, to a part it is presented the analysis conclusions/epilogues of classical novels of XIX century, and attempt to put the theory of the novel of M.M.Bachtin into practice is made.

Bakalauro darbe lyginamuoju aspektu nagrinėjami du lietuvių autorių (Lauros Sintijos Černiauskaitės „Benedikto slenksčiai“ ir Romualdo Granausko „Duburys“) grožiniai kūriniai, didžiausią dėmesį kreipiant į auklėjimo romano žanro variacijas juose.Moksliniuose darbuose išsamiai pateikta Bildungsromano teorija, tačiau apskritai trūksta mokslininkų platesnio grožinių kūrinių aptarimo, detalesnės jų analizės auklėjimo romano aspektu. Šiame bakalauro darbe aptartos ir esminės auklėjimo romano ypatybės (kanonai), ir minėtu požiūriu smulkiau išanalizuoti bei tarpusavyje palyginti du grožiniai kūriniai. / There in the final bachelor work have been examined in comperative aspect two Lithuanian authors‘ (Laura Sintija Černiauskaitė „Benedikto slenksčiai“ and Romualdas Granauskas „Duburys“) novels focusing on parenting novel genre variations in them.Work theme – parenting novel variations: Laura Sintija Černiauskaitė „Benedikto slenksčiai“ and Romualdas Granauskas „Duburys“.

The use of functional foods by individuals to address health issues has become increasingly common. Pomegranate fruits and other pomegranate products contain phytochemicals, including several antioxidants that may have benefits when consumed as a functional food. The production of pomegranates in the United States is concentrated in California; yet pomegranates can be grown successfully in other regions. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to address the market potential and consumer preferences for pomegranate fruits and other pomegranate products in Texas and 2) to address issues of experimental auction design and estimation in regards to novel products and health benefits of food products. A nonhypothetical experimental procedure was developed that combined preference rankings with a uniform nth-price auction to elicit preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for pomegranate fruit products. Demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected from a representative sample of subjects in the Bryan-College Station area of Texas. Subjects submitted baseline preference rankings and bids on six pomegranate products and a control fruit product, all with the same retail price. Most participants had never purchased or tasted a pomegranate product. Additional information on the pomegranate products was provided in three forms: tasting information, health and nutrition information, and anti-cancer information. Subjects had the greatest WTP for the control product, followed by the juice product, followed by the ready-to-eat products; the whole pomegranate fruits had the lowest WTP. The preference rankings indicated the same order of preferences for the baseline round, but the ranking of the juice product dropped and the ranking of the ready-to-eat and Texas whole fruits rose when additional information was provided. Estimations of the WTP were done using random-effects tobit models and mixed linear models on the full bids and individual changes in bids. Unengaged bidders and bid censoring were addressed. Demographic variables were typically not predictors of WTP with the exception of previous purchases of pomegranates and household size. There were differences in WTP across information treatments, with tasting information having a greater effect than either health and nutrition information or anti-cancer information. Providing a reference price also increased WTP. Preference rankings were estimated using a rank-ordered logit and a mixed rank-ordered logit model. There was an interaction effect of each information treatment with the product characteristics, indicating that studies of effects of information treatments on preferences are not generalizable across products. There was divergence in the results for the preference rankings from the results of the experimental auction; preference rankings and bids gave different results for the same products.

In this thesis, we examine theories of reading as they apply to three examples of the French New Novel. We begin with a detailed theoretical expose in which we compare and attempt to reconcile the reading models of Umberto Eco, Wolfgang Iser, Stanley Fish, Bertrand Gervais and Richard Saint-Gelais. The hybrid theory thus obtained is then tested on three works in order to underscore the modalities of reading that are particular to the New Novel, while insisting on these modalities' inherent variability. We focus on the reader's reconstructing of the narrative in L'Emploi du temps , on the impossibility of structuring the plot in La Maison de rendez-vous, and on the paradigmatic mode of reading La Bataille de Pharsale. In so doing, we hope to demonstrate how an analysis of the reading process allows for a heightened appreciation of the essential indeterminacy of the New Novel, of its fundamental otherness. We conclude with tentative remarks on the heuristic function of these texts.

This work is meant to contribute to the research of adaptation studies by focusing on a special case: the transformation of a fictional diary into a movie. In order to sustain the form of the literary source the adaptation to movie requires certain strategies. Först of all, the diary genre is characterized by a one-dimensional narration. Second, diaries only supply a few written dialogues, hence this "void" has to be compensated and filled by media specific measures. Third, the investigated diary is a story of individualization and emancipation of a single woman. Therefore not only the lack of dialogues but also the lack of actors composes a challenge to the work of adaptation. The main task is thus to analyze the literary source and the movie and identify the specific strategies that make the transformation of a fictional diary to a movie possible.

This thesis is centred on the work of Portuguese writer José Régio (1901-1969). He was a teacher-writer and, arguably, the most philosophical of Portuguese school novel authors. In his novel ‘A Drop of Blood’ (1945), Régio shows interest in the formation of the artist as the special object of education – the ‘marked man’ –, whose sensitivity distances him irremediably from the crowd. He adopted the radical individualism of Nietzsche not in order to be ‘for’ or ‘against’ this or that schooling model but to exemplify the perpetual clash, inherent in mankind, between the individual and the group, the artist and the non-artistic person, the young and the adult, the son and the father and the self and the world.